A numerical method based on boundary integral equations and radial basis functions for plane anisotropic thermoelastostatic equations with general variable coe?cients

A boundary integral method with radial basis function approximation is proposed for numerically solving an important class of boundary value problems governed by a system of thermoelastostatic equations with variable coe?cients. The equations describe the thermoelastic behaviors of nonhomogeneous anisotropic materials with properties that vary smoothly from point to point in space. No restriction is imposed on the spatial variations of the thermoelastic coe?cients as long as all the requirements of the laws of physics are satis?ed. To check the validity and accuracy of the proposed numerical method, some speci?c test problems with known solutions are solved.     

Continuum-Based Shape Sensitivity Analysis for 2D Coupled Atomistic/Continuum Simulations Using Bridging Scale Decomposition

In this paper, we propose the first attempt to perform shape sensitivity analysis for two-dimensional coupled atomistic and continuum problems using bridging scale decomposition. Based on a continuum variational formulation of the bridging scale, the sensitivity expressions are derived in a continuum setting using both direct differentiation method and adjoint variable method. To overcome the issue of discontinuity in shape design due to the discrete nature of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we define design velocity fields in a way that the shape of the MD region does not change. Another major challenge is that the discrete finite element (FE) mass matrix in bridging scale is not continuous with respect to shape design variables. To address this issue, we assume an evenly distributed mass density when evaluating the material derivative of the FE mass matrix. In order to support accuracy verification of sensitivity results using overall finite difference method, we use regular-shaped finite elements and only allow shape change in one direction in our example problems, so that design perturbations can be made to the discrete FE mass matrix. However, the sensitivity formulation is sufficiently general to support irregular-shaped finite elements and arbitrary design velocity fields. The sensitivity analysis results, verified using overall finite difference method, reveal the impact of macroscopic shape design changes on microscopic atomistic responses.     

SHEAR WAVE SCATTERING FROM A PARTIALLY DEBONDED PIEZOELECTRIC CYLINDRICAL INCLUSION

I. INTRODUCTION Owing to the intrinsic coupling characteristics between electric and elastic behaviors, piezoelectricmaterials have been used widely in technology such as transducers, actuators, sensors, etc. Studieson electroelastic problems of a piezo…     

The simulation of dynamic crack propagation using the cohesive segments method

The cohesive segments method is a finite element framework that allows for the simulation of the nucleation, growth and coalescence of multiple cracks in solids. In this framework, cracks are introduced as jumps in the displacement field by employing the partition of unity property of finite element shape functions. The magnitude of these jumps are governed by cohesive constitutive relations. In this paper, the cohesive segments method is extended for the simulation of fast crack propagation in brittle solids. The performance of the method is demonstrated in several examples involving crack growth in linear elastic solids under plane stress conditions: tensile loading of a block; shear loading of a block and crack growth along and near a bi-material interface.     

A Fully Non-Contact Ultrasonic Propagation Imaging System for Closed Surface Crack Evaluation

Cracks are one of the most common types of damage occurring in engineering structures. A reliable nondestructive evaluation technique is essential to detect any possible damage at the initiation phase. Real fatigue closed-surface cracks are difficult to detect through visual inspection. Ultrasound has been widely used, but conventional contact ultrasonic inspection techniques are not suitable for couplant-sensitive structures. In addition, these techniques are generally laborious for large field structures and the inspection speed is relatively slow. We present a novel fully non-contact hybrid ultrasonic propagation imaging (UPI) system that uses laser ultrasonic scanning excitation and piezoelectric air-coupled sensing. Ultrasonic frequency tomography and wavelet-transformed ultrasonic propagation imaging algorithms are used to extract damage features. These features are used to perform a thorough diagnosis of damage. The system enables remote and fully non-contact automatic one-sided inspection for temporal reference-free damage evaluation, and is also applicable to in-field structures. Optimization provides improved performance of air-coupled transducers (ACTs) used as receivers for the hybrid UPI system, as shown by our experimental results. Surface crack evaluation results were analyzed on the basis of ease of damage visualization, accuracy of crack size estimation, and sensitivity. The proposed hybrid UPI system is sensitive enough to detect a real fatigue closed-surface micro-crack with size detection accuracy as high as 96%. We also show that the relation between the scanning interval and crack width affects damage visualization performance, and the accuracy and sensitivity of damage size estimation.     

空间管路振动频率计算的精确传递矩阵法

考虑了流体定常压力和流速，建立了空间管系振动及声传播的传递矩阵法。该方法可计算空间管系的频率、模态及动力响应。用该方法对典型耐压管路频率计算与解析解对比表明该方法是正确的。     

STOCHASTIC P-BIFURCATION OF TRI-STABLE VAN DER POL-DUFFING OSCILLATOR

分析了乘性和加性噪声作用下三稳态Van der Pol-Duffing振子的随机P分岔. 首先用随机平均法得到系统的随机微分方程,求得系统响应幅值的稳态概率密度函数. 然后应用分岔分析的奇异性理论,求得随机P分岔发生的临界参数条件,得到多种定性不同的稳态概率密度曲线. 讨论了2种激励噪声强度和系统阻尼对响应稳态概率密度曲线峰的个数、各峰值相对大小的影响. 通过Monte-Carlo数值模拟对理论计算结果进行了验证.该方法可用于其他系统的随机P分岔分析.     

热结构瞬态响应的耦合灵敏度分析方法与优化设计

研究结构瞬态热变形和热应力的灵敏度分析方法及其优化设计,灵敏度计算给出了直接法和伴随法两种算法.考虑了温度场的耦合作用,在直接法中需要计算温度场对设计变量的导数,在伴随法中需要计算热载荷对温度场的导数.数值算例验证了该方法的精度.伴随法在应用程序中的实现,为大型结构优化提供了高效率的灵敏度计算方法.     

Study on the mechanisms and quantitative law of mode I supersonic crack propagation

Continuum mechanics predicts that the propagation speed of non-equilibrium information in solids is limited by the longitudinal wave speed, so is crack propagation. However, solids are essentially discrete systems. In this paper, via theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, it is demonstrated in a straightforward way that non-equilibrium disturbance (e.g. force, displacement, energy, and so on) can propagate at a supersonic speed in discrete systems, although the magnitude of the disturbance attenuates very quickly. In dynamic fracture, a cascade of atomic-bond breaking events provides an amplification mechanism to counterbalance the attenuation of the disturbance. Therefore, supersonic crack propagation can be realized in a domino way. Another key factor for supersonic crack propagation is to ensure sufficient energy flowing into the crack tip. Since most energy can only be transferred at a speed limited by the longitudinal wave speed, the conditions for the occurrence of supersonic crack propagation are not easily met in most situations, unless there is high pre-stored energy along the crack path or continuous energy supply from the loading concomitantly moving with the crack tip. A quantitative relation between supersonic crack propagation speed and material properties and parameters is given, which implies that knowing all the classical macroscopic quantities is not enough in determining the supersonic crack propagation speed, and the microstructure does play a role. Moreover, it is interesting to note that fracture toughness affects the crack propagation speed in the subsonic regime, but not in the supersonic regime, because the deformation/stress is uniform in front of a supersonic crack where strength criterion dominates.     

一种随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法

裂纹结构中存在大量不确定性因素,如裂纹长度、材料性质、外部载荷等,裂纹扩展路径的不确定性分析对研究随机裂纹结构损伤和断裂的力学特性并预测其性能及可靠性具有重要意义。本文提出了一种适应于混合载荷模式下随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法。该方法考虑了裂纹长度、材料性质和外部载荷等的随机性,并通过蒙特卡洛方法对随机参数空间进行采样。采用比例边界有限元方法计算结构应力强度因子,进而模拟单次裂纹扩展路径。在此基础上,通过概率分析方法获得随机裂纹结构中裂纹扩展路径的统计特性。最后给出了两个数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于单位分解法的无网格数值流形方法

在数值流形方法和单位分解法的基础上，提出了无网格数值流形方法. 无网格数值流形 方法在分析时采用了双重覆盖系统，即数学覆盖和物理覆盖. 数学覆盖提供的节点形成求解 域的有限覆盖和单位分解函数；而物理覆盖描述问题的几何区域及其域内不连续性. 与原有 的数值流形方法相比，无网格数值流形方法的数学覆盖形状更加灵活，可以用一系列节点的 影响域来建立数学覆盖和单位分解函数，具有无网格方法的特性，从而摆脱了传统的数值流 形方法中网格所带来的困难. 与无网格方法相比，由于采用了有限覆盖技术，试函数的构造 不受域内不连续的影响，克服了原有的无网格方法在处理不连续问题时所遇到的困难. 详细推导了无网格数值流形方法的试函数和求解方程，最后给出了算例，验证了该方法的正 确性.     

非常规态型近场动力学热黏塑性模型及其应用

在非常规态型近场动力学(non-ordinary state-based peridynamics, NOSB-PD) 理论框架下构建了考虑应变率效应、塑性硬化、热软化效应和材料断裂特征的非局部三维热黏塑性固体本构模型以及相应的非局部空间积分型数值算法, 并应用于金属类材料和构件在冲击载荷作用等工况下的高应变率热黏塑性变形与破坏分析. 通过对经典含初始裂纹Kalthoff-Winkler板冲击试验进行三维近场动力学模拟, 可得到裂纹的起裂角度、扩展路径、扩展速度以及裂纹扩展过程中靶板等效应力和温度分布, 所得结果与已有试验结果和其他数值方法结果吻合较好. 在此基础上, 应用该模型分析了不同冲击速度作用下金属靶板的变形与裂纹扩展过程, 结果表明: 该模型能较好地模拟不同冲击速度(应变率)情况下靶板的变形与破坏全过程. 随着冲击速度变化, 初始裂纹的起裂时间、扩展方向和扩展速度呈一定规律变化. 冲击速度越低, 起裂时间越晚(直至冲击速度低于某值时初始裂纹不扩展), 裂纹扩展速度峰值越低, 冲击过程中靶板温度峰值越低, 完全扩展所需时间越长.      

基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法研究

为提高数值计算的精度,断裂力学问题的数值模拟需要在裂纹扩展的局部区域采用较密的网格,而远离裂纹扩展的区域可采用较疏的网格,且对于裂纹扩展问题的数值模拟,大多数数值方法又存在局部网格重剖分的问题.论文提出了一种基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法用于模拟裂纹扩展问题,该方法可根据结构域几何外边界的图像全自动进行四叉树网格剖分,无需任何人工干预,网格剖分效率极高,由于比例边界有限元法本身的优势,四叉树网格的悬挂节点可以直接地视为新的节点,无需任何特殊处理.通过引入虚节点的思想,将裂纹与四叉树单元边界交叉点作为虚节点,虚节点的自由度作为附加自由度处理,并采用水平集函数表征材料内部的裂纹面,含不连续裂纹面的子域可通过节点水平集函数识别,使得裂纹扩展时无需进行网格重剖分,界面的几何特征通过比例边界有限元子域的附加自由度表征.最后,通过若干算例验证了该方法的性能,建议的改进型比例边界有限元法在求解复合型应力强度因子和模拟材料内部裂纹扩展路径时均具有较高的精度.     

Numerical and experimental determination of three-dimensional multiple crack growth in fatigue

This work is concerned with the assessment of propagation of multiple fatigue cracks in three-dimensions. Computational modelling of fatigue crack propagation is made together with detection and monitoring of the crack shape development. The boundary element method (BEM) is used for automating the modelling of crack propagation in linear elastic as well as elastic–plastic regimes. Strain at several positions on the specimen surface near the crack mouth is measured to monitor crack initiation, shape development and closure levels. Examples are provided to validate the model by comparing the experimental results with those obtained by numerical predictions.     

热结构稳态响应的耦合灵敏度分析方法

研究结构稳态热变形和热应力的灵敏度分析方法，给出了直接法和伴随法两种算法。考虑了温度场的耦合作用，在直接法中需要计算温度场对设计变量的导数，在伴随法中需要计算热载荷对温度场的导数。对尺寸和形状两类设计变量的灵敏度分析算例，验证了本文方法的精度。伴随法在应用程序中的实现，为大型结构优化提供了高效率的灵敏度计算方法。     

Strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in hybrid beams

The finite element modeling and fracture mechanics concept were used to study the interfacial fracture of a FRP-concrete hybrid structure. The strain energy release rate of the interfacial crack was calculated by the virtual crack extension method. It is shown that the crack growth has three phases, namely, cracking initiation, stable crack growth and unstable crack propagation. The effects of geometric and physical parameters of the hybrid beam on the energy release rate were considered. These parameters include Young’s moduli of the FRP, the concrete and the adhesive, thickness of the FRP plate and adhesive, and the distance of FRP plate end from the beam end. The numerical results show that the energy release rate of the interfacial crack is influenced considerably by these parameters. The present investigation can contribute to the mechanism understanding and engineering design of the hybrid structures.     

A cyclic steady-state method for fatigue crack propagation: Evaluation of plasticity-induced crack closure in 3D

The numerical study of plasticity-induced crack closure using the node-release technique presents many difficulties widely studied in literature. For instance various rules, proposed for overcoming mesh sensitivity, are challenged by more recent studies. This paper intends to propose and evaluate a numerical method for the investigation of crack propagation under fatigue loading, and particularly for the assessment of plasticity-induced crack closure in three-dimension. The method is an extension of the “steady-state method” to cyclic loadings. The steady-state method allows a direct computation (on a fixed mesh, without releasing nodes) of stress and strain fields around the crack tip and in the wake for a steady crack growth. The method is extended to simulate crack propagation under fatigue loading. Therefore it constitutes a valuable numerical tool for gaining insight into the physics of crack propagation, as it provides accurate mechanical fields around the crack tip and their relation with crack growth rate, various loading modes and parameters. The proposed method is also compared with the classical node-release technique. A very good agreement between the two methods is found. However the steady-state method needs much less mesh refinement and computational time. Following an analysis of some features of the fatigue crack, a discussion on a crack closure criterion is opened, and a reliable criterion for the determination of local crack closure is proposed.     

动载下裂纹应力强度因子计算的改进型扩展有限元法

相较于常规扩展有限元法(extended finite element method, XFEM), 改进型扩展有限元法(improved XFEM) 解决了现有方法线性相关与总体刚度矩阵高度病态问题, 在数量级上提升了总体方程的求解效率, 克服了现有方法在动力学问题中的能量正确传递、动态应力强度因子数值震荡、精度低下问题. 本文基于改进型XFEM, 采用Newmark 隐式时间积分算法, 重点研究了动载荷作用下扩展裂纹尖端应力强度因子的求解方法, 与静力学方法相比, 增加了裂纹扩展速度项与惯性项的贡献. 通过数值算例研究了网格单元尺寸、质量矩阵、时间步长、裂尖加强区域、惯性项、扩展速度项及相互作用积分区域J-domain的网格与单元尺寸对动态应力强度因子求解精度的影响, 验证了改进型XFEM计算动态裂纹应力强度因子方法的有效性. 针对文献中具有挑战性的 "I 型半无限长裂纹先稳定后扩展"问题, 改进型XFEM给出目前为止精度最好的动态应力强度因子数值解.      

Two dimensional numerical simulation of crack kinking from an interface under dynamic loading by time domain boundary element method

The hybrid time-domain boundary element method, together with the multi-region technique, is applied to simulate the dynamic process of propagation and/or kinking of an interface crack in a two-dimensional bi-material. The whole bi-material is divided into two regions along the interface. The traditional displacement boundary integral equations are employed with respect to each region. However, when the crack kinks into the matrix material, the non-hypersingular traction boundary integral equations are used with respect to the part of the crack in the matrix. Crack propagation along the interface is numerically modelled by releasing the nodes in the front of the moving crack-tip controlled by the fracture criterion. Kinking of the interface crack is controlled by a criterion developed from the quasi-static one. Once the crack kinks into the matrix, its propagation is modeled by adding new elements of constant length to the moving crack-tip controlled by a criterion extended from the quasi-static maximum circumferential stress. The numerical results of the crack growth trajectory for different material combinations are computed and compared with the corresponding experimental results. Good agreement between numerical and experimental results implies that the present boundary element numerical method can provide an excellent simulation for the dynamic propagation and deflection of an interface crack.     

岩石材料动态破坏的近场动力学方法数值模拟

裂纹的聚集、扩展、分叉是岩石等脆性材料破坏失效的关键因素，本文在验证了近场动力学方法在研究岩石类材料裂纹动态扩展方面的有效性之后，采用近场动力学方法分别对冲击载荷作用下含有双裂纹岩石材料和单轴压缩作用下含单斜裂纹的岩石材料进行数值模拟．结果表明，对于双垂直裂纹，其裂纹扩展路径大致与预制裂纹成70°夹角；对于单裂纹，裂纹的扩展路径随裂纹倾角的变化而变化，最终导致构件的整体破坏．数值模拟结果表明近场动力学方法可以很好地模拟岩石等脆性材料的裂纹扩展直至破坏的过程，反映裂纹扩展的物理机理；其作为一种新的基于非局部理论的数值方法，在地下岩体工程方面及页岩气的开采方面会有很好的发展前景．