Dynamic identification of beam axial loads using one flexural mode shape

In the last decades, various methods have been proposed for the experimental evaluation of tensile forces acting in tie-beams of arches and vaults. Moreover, static and dynamic approaches have been formulated to evaluate critical compressive axial forces and flexural stiffness of end constraints. Adopting Euler–Bernoulli beam model, this paper shows that, if bending stiffness and mass per unit length of a beam with constant cross-section are known, the axial force and the flexural stiffness of the end constraints can be deduced by one vibration frequency and three components of the corresponding mode shape. Finally, data conditions are given to assess a physically admissible identification of the unknown parameters.     

Three bias errors in the measurement of structural intensity

I.IntroductionTheabilityofstructuralintensitytechniquetomeasureboththemagnitudeanddirectionofpowerflowmakesitanattractivetechniqueforinvestigatingawidevarietyofstructures.However,intensitymeasurementtechniqueispronetoerrors.Theseerrorsdependonthepropertiesofthestructurebeingmeasured,thetypeofwavespresefltedonthestructureandtheinstrumentationusedtomeasuretheintensity.Theerrorscanbeclassifiedasrandomerrorsandbiaserrors.Randomerrorscannotbecalculatedexactlyinanycasesandcouldresultinoverorunderes…     

Accurate identification of the frequency response functions for the rotor-bearing-foundation system using the modified pseudo mode shape method

In this paper, an identification technique in the dynamic analyses of rotor-bearing-foundation systems called the pseudo mode shape method (PMSM) was improved in order to enhance the accuracy of the identified dynamic characteristic matrices of its foundation models. Two procedures, namely, phase modification and numerical optimisation, were proposed in the algorithm of PMSM to effectively improve its accuracy. Generally, it is always necessary to build the whole foundation model in studying the dynamics of a rotor system through the finite element analysis method. This is either unfeasible or impractical when the foundation is too complicated. Instead, the PMSM uses the frequency response function (FRF) data of joint positions between the rotor and the foundation to establish the equivalent mass, damping, and stiffness matrices of the foundation without having to build the physical model. However, the accuracy of the obtained system's FRF is still unsatisfactory, especially at those higher modes. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods, a solid foundation was solved for its FRF by using both the original and modified PMSM, as well as the finite element (ANSYS) model for comparisons. The results showed that the accuracy of the obtained FRF was improved remarkably with the modified PMSM based on the results of the ANSYS. In addition, an induction motor resembling a rotor-bearing-foundation system, with its housing treated as the foundation, was taken as an example to verify the algorithm experimentally. The FRF curves at the bearing supports of the rotor (armature) were obtained through modal testing to estimate the above-mentioned equivalent matrices of the housing. The FRF of the housing, which was calculated from the equivalent matrices with the modified PMSM, showed satisfactory consistency with that from the modal testing.     

Importance of the internal shape mode in magnetic vortex dynamics

We investigate the motion of a nonplanar vortex in a circular easy-plane magnet with a rotating in-plane magnetic field. Our numerical simulations of the Landau-Lifshitz equations show that the vortex tends to a circular limit trajectory, with an orbit frequency which is lower than the driving field frequency. To describe this we develop a new collective variable theory by introducing additional variables which account for the internal degrees of freedom of the vortex core, strongly coupled to the translational motion. We derive the evolution equations for these collective variables and find limit-cycle solutions whose characteristics are in qualitative agreement with the simulations of the many-spin system.     

EAST装置等离子体放电位形快速识别研究

为了适应超导托卡马克装置EAST位形控制运行模式的需要，研究了等离子体放电位形快速识别算法，给出了等离子体放电位形重建的模拟计算结果，并与美国GA平衡反演程序EFIT计算的平衡结果进行了详细的误差对比分析.结果表明，通过外部磁测量和合适的电流剖面模型，并结合实时平衡重建算法可以快速地对EAST等离子体放电位形进行识别. 关键词： 托卡马克 等离子体 平衡重建 数值模拟     

Propagation of sound at continuous structural phase transitions

Structural phase transitions of second order can be divided into two groups: (i) distortive phase transitions, with a soft (ultimately overdamped) optic mode, and (ii) elastic phase transitions, with an acoustic soft mode or no soft phonon for shear or isostructural transitions, respectively. The propagation of sound shows significantly different features in these two cases. We consider the theory of the critical variation of the velocity of ultrasonic modes as well as the damping and dispersion near transitions of second order.Talk given at the Conference on Transport and Propagation in Nonlinear Systems, Los Alamos, May 21–25, 1984.     

The influence of wire shape on surface plasmon mode distribution

The influence of the nanowire shape on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at metallic nanowire arrays is studied numerically. For a system of silver nanowires housed on a polymer substrate, nanowires with rectangular and elliptical cross sections are compared. It was found that in the case of rectangular nanowires the excitation efficiency is higher for surface plasmons at the polymer–metal interface than for surface plasmons at the air–metal interface. Conversely, in the case of elliptical nanowires the air–metal plasmon modes are stronger. Further, it is noted that the nanowire shape directly influences the position of the surface plasmon resonance.     

Wood species identification using improved active shape model

In this paper, we propose a robust wood species identification scheme by using color wood surface images. First, a novel wood image acquirement system is devised, and the wood color image is converted into a V₁V₂I color-base image. Second, the corresponding grey histograms for V₁ and V₂ are established. Third, an improved active shape model is used to fulfill the curve deformation of the histogram curve of the standard specimen. This active shape model will then converge to the histogram curve of the test specimen. Finally, wood recognition is performed by comparing the initial and final active shape models with the histogram curve of the test specimen. We have experimentally proved that this scheme improves the mean recognition accuracy to approximately 90% for 5 wood species and that it can also be applied to the Gaussian noisy images. Moreover, the recognition accuracy can be further improved by combining this scheme with the texture feature recognition.     

Complete mode identification for resonance ultrasound spectroscopy

This study is devoted to deducing exact elastic constants of an anisotropic solid material without using any advance information on the elastic constants by incorporating a displacement-distribution measurement into resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The usual RUS method measures free-vibration resonance frequencies of a solid and compares them with calculations to find the most suitable set of elastic constants by an inverse calculation. This comparison requires mode identification for the measured resonance frequencies, which has been difficult and never been free from ambiguity. This study then adopts a laser-Doppler interferometer to measure the displacement-distribution patterns on a surface of the vibrating specimen mounted on pinducers; comparison of the measured displacement distributions with those computed permits us to correctly identify the measured resonance frequencies, leading to unmistakable determination of elastic constants. Because the displacement patterns are hardly affected by the elastic constants, an exact answer is surely obtained even when unreasonable elastic constants are used as initial guesses at the beginning of the inverse calculation. The usefulness of the present technique is demonstrated with an aluminum alloy and a langasite crystal.     

Propagation of a TE surface mode in a relativistic electron beam-quantum plasma system

The dispersion properties of a transverse electric (TE) surface waves propagating along the interface between a magneto-quantum plasma-relativistic beam system and vacuum are studied by using the quantum hydrodynamic model. The general dispersion relations are derived and analyzed in some special cases of interest. Moreover, the effects of density gradients for the beam and plasma on the dispersion properties of surface waves are investigated. The kind of dispersion relations depends strongly on the ambient magnetic field Bo via the gyro-frequency ωc, the quantum parameters, and the width of the plasma layer as well as the relativistic factor for the electron beam. It is found that the quantum effects play a crucial role to facilitate the propagation of TE surface waves.     

Toroidicity and shape dependence of peeling mode growth rates in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas

The growth rate of the peeling mode instability with large toroidal mode number is calculated for general axisymmetric toroidal plasmas, including tokamaks and the spherical torus(ST) equilibia by using formalism presented by Connor et al.Analytic equilibia with non-zero edge current density and quasi-uniform current profiles are assumed. It is found that in sharp D-shape tokamak plasma, the derivative of the safety factor with respect to the poloidal flux becomes very large,making the perturbed poloidal motion very large, in turn making a significant reduction of the growth rate of the peeling mode, similar to the X-point effect in diverted plasma. The large aspect ratio effect is also studied, which reduces the growth rate further.     

Dynamic particle-surface tribocharging: The role of shape and contact mode

Triboelectric particle charging features in many industrial processes. Dynamic particle-surface contact is the key charging mechanism in many types of particle tribocharger. Models of dynamic charging have tended to assume that the particle is spherical, but experiments have shown that particle shape can strongly influence the charging behaviour. We review some experimental work, then present a simple two-dimensional model of the dynamic contact charging of an elliptical particle, of varying roundness ratio, with a flat surface. A rich variety of contact modes (sliding, rolling, tumbling) are captured, each producing distinctive charging behaviour.     

The behavior of higher order mode shape derivatives in damaged,beam-like structures

This work considers the effect that damage has upon the higher order derivatives of mode shapes of structures having primarily beam-like vibration. Via numerical investigations, the sensitivity of various damage related parameters in inducing changes in these higher order modal derivatives is determined, leading to a more complete understanding of what factors make the most contribution to significant changes in these derivatives. It is concluded that higher order mode shape derivatives (e.g., modal curvature, third derivative, and fourth derivative) are better indicators of damage than the mode shapes. Three distinct types of response for the damage-induced higher order derivative discontinuities are identified as three key parameters (the mass loss, stiffness loss, and damage radius scale) vary. From this, formal approximations are obtained for the expected forms of the higher order derivative discontinuities based upon the underlying behavior predicted by a simple relation among these three parameters. These approximations are checked with numerical simulations, and an excellent level of agreement is observed under appropriate conditions. Finally, the potential of these higher order derivative changes for indicating the presence and location of damage in a global setting is examined.     

Soft mode at an incommensurate structural phase transition

We show within the RPA approximation that a soft mode is associated with an incommensurate structural phase transition in a simple microscopic model of two level ions interacting with the phonons of a crystal.     

应用形状因子特征的高效星图识别

针对传统的三角形星图识别算法存在冗余匹配多、抗噪声性能差的问题,提出了一种应用形状因子特征的高效星图识别算法。该算法在传统的三角形算法基础上,引入了形状因子特征参数和方向信息,并择优选择视场内4颗观测星,组成一对观测三角形,进行星点匹配识别。与传统的三角形算法相比,该算法增加了星图识别时图像的特征信息量,降低了匹配时的冗余度,具有导航特征库存储空间小、识别速度快等优点。实验表明,在星点位置噪声标准偏差为2个像素、星等噪声标准偏差为0.7星等的仿真条件下,该算法的识别率均在99%以上;通过地面实验的实物验证,在300 MHz的FT-C6713的DSP硬件平台上,全天自主识别的平均运行时间约为47 ms,具有明显的优势。     

Magnetic and structural properties of non-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Structural and magnetic transition temperatures of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys present a strong dependence on slight departures from the stoichiometry, as does the mobility of twin boundaries responsible for the large magnetic field induced strains. In this work we study four non stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga polycrystalline alloys with compositions of 43–52 at.% nickel, excess manganese and deficient in gallium, and a single crystal of composition Ni₅₂Mn₂₆Ga₂₂. Those compounds are of technical interest due to the observed large room temperature magnetic field induced strains. Calorimetric and magnetic measurements determined the martensitic transition and Curie temperatures of the alloys (A_S = 331 K and T_Curie = 366 K for 52 at.% nickel alloy). Nickel defective alloys present a martensitic transition region broader than excess nickel ones. Neutron powder diffraction analysis confirmed orthorhombic martensitic structures for nickel defective alloys, and tetragonal for excess nickel ones. In the 52 atomic % nickel alloys case the crystallographic structure of the martensitic phase was also obtained on a single crystal with the same composition, trained to get a single variant in agreement with determined in the powder sample.     

大随机相位误差下条带模式合成孔径激光雷达成像实验

为了探索大随机相位误差条件下合成孔径雷达(SAL)成像特点和规律,本文采用波长为1 550 nm的线性调频激光器建立了能够产生大的共模随机相位误差的条带模式SAL成像实验装置。利用此装置获得了不同目标回波强度下条带模式SAL成像实验数据,结合条带模式相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)多次迭代处理,获得了高分辨率SAL图像。实验发现在[-6. 45π,6. 45π]范围的大随机相位误差下,通过简单的距离压缩和方位匹配滤波,无法实现SAL图像聚焦,图像信噪比仅为3 dB。进一步采用PGA处理,就能很好地校正相位误差,得到聚焦良好的SAL图像,图像信噪比达到43 dB。实验还发现,当存在大共模随机相位误差时,PGA处理展现出非常强的鲁棒性,在回波弱到10-15W的情况下依然有效。在大相位误差存在的SAL系统(如机载SAL)中,PGA处理能有效消除相位误差,实现图像聚焦;另外,增大探测激光功率以提高成像数据信噪比,将有助于提升PGA处理效果。     

The neutron structural analysis in studies of diffusionless phase transitions in shape memory alloys

The characteristics of alloys with the shape memory effect are presented. The physical nature of the process of a change in the shape is examined. The structure of the high-manganese alloys of Mn-Cu system with shape memory is described. The role of neutron analysis in studies of structural transformations in Mn-Cu alloys is shown. On the basis of the results of measuring the temperature dependences of internal friction in the magnetic fields of different magnetizing force, the presence of the magnetic contribution to the pretransition anomalies in Mn-Cu alloys is assumed. The prospects of applying the neutron analysis in studies of alloys with the shape memory generally and, in particularly, in the Mn-Cu alloys are shown.