Modelling of tuning of an ultra low frequency Roberts Linkage vibration isolator

We present an analytical model for a Roberts Linkage used as an ultra low frequency vibration isolator. The Roberts Linkage is a structure that simulates a very long radius conical pendulum, at a relatively small height. We show through an analytical solution that it is possible to independently tune the centre of percussion and the resonant frequency for arbitrary geometrical configurations. The result is shown to provide a practical tuning solution, which achieves near ideal vibration isolation.     

Analysis and experiment of a vibration isolator using a novel magnetic spring with negative stiffness

The vibration isolator using a novel magnetic spring with negative stiffness (MS-NS) is proposed in this paper. The proposed isolator which combines a positive stiffness spring with the MS-NS in parallel possesses the characteristic of high-static–low-dynamic stiffness. The MS-NS is composed of three cuboidal magnets configured in repulsive interaction. An analytical expression of the stiffness of the MS-NS is derived by using the magnetic charge model, and the approximation to the exact analytical expression is sought. Then, the nonlinearity of the stiffness is analyzed, and it is shown that the MS-NS is approximately linear for small oscillations. In order to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the MS-NS, the vibration transmissibility of the proposed isolator with and without the MS-NS is measured. The experimental results demonstrate that combining a vibration isolator with the MS-NS in parallel can lower the natural frequency of the isolator; and the analytical calculations and experimental results show a good consistency.     

He accumulation effect in solid and liquid D-T mixture

This article reports the accumulation effect of the ³He originating from tritium β decay; ³He created in solid remains in it, while one in liquid diffuses and goes out to the vapor gas. We observed this effect through the neutron detection from muon catalyzed fusion phenomenon (μCF), and gave it qualitative understanding, by which the muon transfer rate from (dμ) and (tμ) to helium was derived. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Electro-optic and viscoelastic properties of a ferroelectric liquid crystalline binary mixture

ABSTRACT

This study describes the properties of a binary liquid crystalline mixture composed of commercially available materials, Ce-3 (4-(n-hexyloxy phenyl)-1-(2-fuethyl butyl) biphenyl-4-carboxylate) and Ce-8 (4-(2-methylbutyl) phenyl-4-n-octylbiphenyl-4-carboxylate), in a weight ratio of 50:50. Both compounds show polymesomorphism and ferroelectric properties within a relatively wide temperature range. Taken separately, each compound has its advantages and disadvantages from the technical point of view. The influence of temperature on the electro-optical and viscoelastic properties of the produced binary mixture is investigated in this paper.     

Modelling temperature and concentration dependent solid/liquid interfacial energies

Models for the prediction of the solid/liquid interfacial energy in pure substances and binary alloys, respectively, are reviewed and extended regarding the temperature and concentration dependence of the required thermodynamic entities. A CALPHAD-type thermodynamic database is used to introduce temperature and concentration dependent melting enthalpies and entropies for multicomponent alloys in the temperature range between liquidus and solidus. Several suitable models are extended and employed to calculate the temperature and concentration dependent interfacial energy for Al–FCC with their respective liquids and compared with experimental data.     

A study of a nonlinear vibration isolator with a quasi-zero stiffness characteristic

A vibration isolator consisting of a vertical linear spring and two nonlinear pre-stressed oblique springs is considered in this paper. The system has both geometrical and physical nonlinearity. Firstly, a static analysis is carried out. The softening parameter leading to quasi-zero dynamic stiffness at the equilibrium position is obtained as a function of the initial geometry, pre-stress and the stiffness of the springs. The optimal combination of the system parameters is found that maximises the displacement from the equilibrium position when the prescribed stiffness is equal to that of the vertical spring alone. It also satisfies the condition that the dynamic stiffness only changes slightly in the neighbourhood of the static equilibrium position. For these values, a dynamical analysis of the isolator under asymmetric excitation is performed to quantify the undesirable effects of the nonlinearities. It includes considering the possibilities of the appearance of period-doubling bifurcation and its development into chaotic motion. For this purpose, approximate analytical methods and numerical simulations accompanied with qualitative methods including phase plane plots, Poincaré maps and Lyapunov exponents are used. Finally, the frequency at which the first period-doubling bifurcation appears is found and the effect of damping on this frequency determined.     

A comparison of two nonlinear damping mechanisms in a vibration isolator

The vibration transmissibility characteristics of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) passive vibration isolation system with different nonlinear dampers are investigated in this paper. In one configuration, the damper is assumed to be linear and viscous, and is connected to the mass so that it is perpendicular to the spring (horizontal damper). The vibration is in the direction of the spring. The second configuration is one in which the damper is in parallel with the spring but the damping force is proportional to the cube of the relative velocity across the damper (cubic damping). Both configurations are studied for small amplitudes of excitation, when some analysis can be conducted based on analytical expressions, and for large amplitudes of excitation, where the analysis is based on numerical simulations. It is found that the two nonlinear systems can outperform the linear system when force transmissibility is considered. However, for displacement transmissibility, the system with the horizontal damper exhibits some desirable properties, but the system with cubic damping does not.     

Performance analysis of nonlinear vibration isolator with magneto-rheological damper

A nonlinear vibration isolator is considered to study effectiveness of isolation against harmonic force and displacement excitations. Nonlinearity in the magneto-rheological (MR) fluid based damper as well as in the elastic member is taken into account. The MR-damper has been modeled including Bouc–Wen hysteretic element and the spring is taken to have cubic nonlinearity. Analytical expression for the energy dissipation characteristics of the damper has been derived. Near resonant response of the isolated mass is obtained by a modified averaging technique suitable for hysteretic type nonlinearity present in the system. The performance of the isolators is estimated for various nonlinear stiffness values, both hardening and softening types. Different performance measures are also proposed to judge the performance of the nonlinear isolator.     

Experimental modal analysis of three small-scale vibration isolator models

This paper discusses the experimentally measured free–free dynamics of three small-scale vibration isolator models: two single-stage isolators and one two-stage isolator. The first comprises two steel plates and one rubber element, the second two steel plates and four rubber elements, and the third three steel plates and eight rubber elements. The natural frequencies, mode shapes and associated modal damping derived from curve-fitting procedures applied to the measured frequency-response functions (FRFs) are presented. The modal behaviour of the isolators is more complicated than might at first be assumed, a major feature being significant coupling between different degrees of freedom. The modal properties can be used to reconstruct a complete set of FRFs for the isolator, including FRFs which were not measured directly. Vibration isolators are often characterised through the use of four-pole parameters or various transmissibilities, and so methods for calculating these parameters from the reconstructed FRFs are also given.     

Characteristic impedance of a liquid mixture

本文从理想混合液的基本假设出发,由声速公式导出了混合液的特性声阻抗表达式。在此基础上对二元混合液的特性声阻抗进行了讨论。对甘油和乙醇,进行了混合实验,由本文导出的公式所计算出的混合液的特性声阻抗值与由实验所测得的值符合较好。     

混合液体介质的特性声阻抗

本文从理想混合液的基本假设出发,由声速公式导出了混合液的特性声阻抗表达工,在此基础上对二元混液的特性声阻抗进行了讨论,对甘油和乙醇,进行了混合实验,由本文导出的公式所计算出的混合液的特性声阻抗值与由实验所测得的值符合较好。     

Theoretical investigation of imidazolium based ionic liquid/alcohol mixture: a molecular dynamic simulation

In this work, molecular dynamic simulation of the mixture of imidazolium based ionic liquids with alcohols is implemented in order to investigate mixing excess properties and some structural and physical properties of the mixture. Excess volumes and enthalpies are evaluated for 11 different mole fractions of ionic liquids at each 0.1, in the range of 0 to 1. Radial distribution function, cohesive energy density, potential of mean force, solvation energy, and diffusion coefficient are reported and analysed. The effects of the cationic alkyl chain length, in comparison with changes of the anions, on these properties are reported. Results reveal that the methanol molecule participates with its hydrophilic characteristics in the mixing process and tends to aggregate around anion part of the ionic liquids, especially in the case of Cl.     

金属橡胶隔振器随机振动加速度响应分析

通过对随机激励下干摩擦隔振系统理论的深入研究,推导了金属橡胶隔振系统随机激励均方加速度响应求解公式.对金属橡胶隔振器进行随机振动试验,分析了金属橡胶隔振器相对密度、预变形及所加试验量级对金属橡胶隔振系统均方根加速度响应的影响,得到了相关变化规律曲线.同时还分析了均方根加速度响应理论值与试验值的对比误差,确定了公式的适用范围. 关键词： 金属橡胶隔振器 随机振动 加速度响应     

Third-order optical nonlinearities and optical-limiting properties of a Pararosanilin dye in liquid and solid media

Solid-state dye-doped polymers are attractive alternatives to the conventional liquid-dye solutions. In this paper, the third-order nonlinear optical properties of a Pararosanilin dye in 1-Butanol and a dye-doped polymer film were measured by the Z-scan technique using a continuous wave 532-nm diode-pumped Nd:Yag laser. This material exhibits a negative optical nonlinearity. The low-power optical-limiting properties based on the nonlinear refraction of this material have also been studied.