镍磷物质的量比对负载型Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

以MCM-41为载体,采用一种简捷、温和法制备了负载型Ni₂P/MCM-41催化剂。用H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积测定(BET)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析对催化剂进行了表征。以1%(质量分数)二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十氢萘溶液为原料,在连续固定床反应装置上,研究了初始Ni/P物质的量比对催化剂HDS活性的影响,并考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,初始Ni/P物质的量比为1/2和1/3的前驱体,在390 ℃下还原时得到单一的Ni₂P相。初始Ni/P物质的量为1/2时,得到的催化剂活性最好。在反应温度340 ℃、压力3.0 MPa、氢/油体积比500、质量空速2.0 h^-1时,DBT的转化率接近100%。     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over two kinds of CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts prepared by a dispersion method has been studied. It was found that CuCl/AlMCM-41 exhibits substantially higher activity over CuCl/SiMCM-41. Characterization of these samples by H₂-TPR, IR and XRD showed that the active copper species were mainly related to Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ ions in CuCl/AlMCM-41 catalyst.     

固相浸渍法和湿浸渍法制备CuO/CeO2催化剂及其CO氧化性能的对比研究

采用固相浸渍法和常规湿浸渍法制备了一系列CuO/CeO₂催化剂,并结合X射线衍射（XRD）、氢气-程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、激光拉曼光谱（LRS）、原位漫反射红外光谱（in situ DRIFTS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段考察了制备方法对催化剂结构性质及其在CO氧化反应中性能的影响. XPS和H₂-TPR结果表明,固相浸渍法更有利于得到高分散的铜物种,并促进CuO物种的还原. LRS结果表明,相比于湿浸渍法,固相浸渍法能产生更多氧空位,而这些氧空位可以活化参与反应的O₂. CO氧化活性测试结果表明,当铜负载量相同时,固相浸渍法制备的催化剂相比于湿浸渍法表现出更好的催化性能. 结合多种表征结果发现,催化剂CO氧化性能与其表面氧空位和Cu⁺-CO浓度紧密相关,提出了CuO/CeO₂催化剂在CO氧化反应中可能的协同作用机制.     

硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性相的研究Ⅲ.低温CO吸附-原位红外光谱表征

 采用低温CO吸附-原位红外光谱法对硫化态和经过氢还原处理的W/Al2O3,Ni/Al2O3以及不同Ni含量的NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,在WS2相上的两个CO特征吸收峰分别位于2117和2066 cm-1处; 硫化镍上吸附CO的特征峰位于2098 cm-1处; NiW/Al2O3催化剂中引入的助剂Ni与WS2相之间相互作用,并分别在2128,2096和2078 cm-1处出现三个新的谱峰,标志着NiWS活性相的形成,并且NiWS相的量随着助剂Ni含量的增加而增大. 在不同温度下对NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行氢还原处理时发现,NiWS活性相在高温下逐步分解,并发生烧结. 以上结果有力地支持了前文中通过XPS,HREM和TPR等方法所获得的有关催化剂活性相的形成及其还原分解过程的表征结果.     

NiW/Al_2O_3催化剂酸性与加氢活性的调变及对重油加氢脱氮性能的影响

以Ni、W为催化剂的活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂,考察了Al2O3载体表面经硼酸修饰后对催化剂酸性的影响,以及活性金属与柠檬酸络合后对催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。NH3-TPD、HRTEM、H2-TPR、XPS等表征结果表明,Al2O3载体表面硼酸修饰增加了催化剂表面的中强酸量,减少了强酸量,且削弱了金属与载体之间的强相互作用,但活性中心数目减少。金属与柠檬酸络合可以减小活性相晶粒长度、提高活性相分散性及硫化程度。催化剂的反应评价结果表明,硼酸修饰与柠檬酸络合共同作用可以增强催化剂的重油加氢处理能力,促进芳环与胶质的加氢饱和;具有适宜的氢解与加氢活性,兼顾碱性氮与非碱性氮的脱除,体现了催化剂良好的重油加氢脱氮性能。     

固相浸渍法制备NiO/CeO2催化剂及其在CO氧化反应中的应用

采用固相浸渍法制备了一系列NiO/CeO2催化剂,并通过与常规湿浸渍法比较,考察了制备方法对催化剂和CO氧化反应性能的影响.同时结合X射线衍射(XRD),N2吸附-脱附(BET),透射电镜(TEM),氢气-程序升温还原(H2-TPR),拉曼(Raman)光谱,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的结构和表面物种分散状态进行了表征.CO氧化活性测试结果表明,当镍负载量相同时,固相浸渍法制备的催化剂相比于湿浸渍法表现出更好的催化性能.TEM、XPS、H2-TPR结果表明,固相浸渍法更有利于加强镍铈间的相互作用和得到高分散的镍物种,从而促进镍物种的还原.Raman结果表明固相浸渍法相比于湿浸渍法能产生更多氧空位,这有利于氧气在催化剂表面的活化,使得CO氧化反应更容易进行.     

Synthesis and catalytic performance of bimetallic NiMo- and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites for production of liquid biofuels

This work presents a synthesis of bimetallic NiMo and NiW modified ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites and their heterogeneous catalytic conversion of crude palm oil( CPO) to biofuels. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites were synthesized through a self-assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide( CTAB) surfactant with silica-alumina from ZSM-5 zeolite,prepared from natural kaolin by the hydrothermal technique. Subsequently,the synthesized composites were deposited with bimetallic NiMo and NiW by impregnation method. The obtained catalysts presented a micro-mesoporous structure,confirmed by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,NH_3-TPD,XRF and N_2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The results of CPO conversion demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts decreases in the series of NiMo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 Ni-ZSM-5/MCM-41 Mo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 W-ZSM-5/MCM-41 NiMo-ZSM-5 NiW-ZSM-5 ZSM-5/MCM-41 ZSM-5 MCM-41. It was found that the bimetallic NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts give higher yields of liquid hydrocarbons than other catalysts at a given conversion. Types of hydrocarbon in liquid products,identified by simulated distillation gas chromatography-flame ionization detector( SimDis GC-FID),are gasoline( 150-200 ℃; C5-12),kerosene( 250-300 ℃; C5-20) and diesel( 350 ℃; C7-20).Moreover,the conversion of CPO to biofuel products using the NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts offers no statistically significant difference( P 0.05) at 95% confidence level,evaluated by SPSS analysis.     

碱金属助剂类型及前驱物对改性NiAl复合氧化物催化分解N2O活性的影响

制备了不同Ni/Al原子比的NiAl类水滑石样品,焙烧获得NiAl复合氧化物,用于N₂O分解反应,研究了NiAl复合氧化物组成对催化活性的影响。在活性较高的NiAl复合氧化物表面浸渍碱金属碳酸盐溶液,制备改性NiAl复合氧化物,考察了碱金属类型（Na、K、Cs）和钾前驱物（K₂CO₃、K₂C₂O₄、CH₃COOK、KNO₃）对改性催化剂活性的影响。用XRD、ICP-AES、FT-IR、BET、H₂-TPR、XPS技术表征了催化剂的组成结构。结果表明,Ni/Al原子比为2.7的NiAl复合氧化物催化活性较高;Na、K、Cs碳酸盐改性NiAl复合氧化物均提高了催化剂活性,其中K的助剂效应最强。钾前驱物对K改性NiAl复合氧化物的催化活性有显著影响,其中碳酸钾、醋酸钾、草酸钾的加入明显提高了改性催化剂的催化活性,而加入硝酸钾反而降低了催化剂活性。     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性相的研究Ⅱ.程序升温还原表征

 采用程序升温还原法对一系列具有相同W含量和不同Ni含量的硫化态NiW/Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,以考察催化剂中不同硫物种的数量及还原性能. 结果表明,含有助剂Ni的催化剂TPR谱在673~873 K出现了一个还原峰,归属为催化剂的NiWS混合相被分解生成的硫化镍物的还原. 随着助剂Ni含量的增加,与该还原峰相应的H2S生成量增大,表明形成了更多的NiWS活性相. 另外,Ni/(Ni+W)原子比为0.41的催化剂样品的噻吩加氢脱硫活性随着还原温度的升高而急剧下降,证实了催化剂在还原过程中活性相被逐步分解.     

Spherical Al-MCM-41 Doped with Copper by Modified TIE Method as Effective Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR

Aluminum containing silica spherical MCM-41 was synthesized and modified with copper by the template ion-exchange method (TIE) and its modified version, including treatment of the samples with ammonia solution directly after template ion-exchange (TIE-NH₃). The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their chemical composition (ICP-OES), structure (XRD), texture (low temperature N₂ sorption), morphology (SEM-EDS), form and aggregation of deposited copper species (UV-vis DRS), reducibility of copper species (H₂-TPR), and surface acidity (NH₃-TPD). The deposition of copper by the TIE-NH₃ method resulted in much better dispersion of this metal on the MCM-41 surface comparing to copper introduced by TIE method. It was shown that such highly dispersed copper species, mainly monomeric Cu²⁺ cations, deposited on aluminum containing silica spheres of MCM-41, are significantly more catalytically effective in the NH₃-SCR process than analogous catalysts containing aggregated copper oxide species. The catalysts obtained by the TIE-NH₃ method effectively operated in much broader temperature and were less active in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen.     

助剂对Ni/SiO2催化剂微观结构及二硝基甲苯催化加氢性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型Ni/SiO₂催化剂,研究了Ce、Zr、La、Co和Fe助剂对催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯（DNT,C₆H₃CH₃（NO₂）₂）加氢制备甲苯二胺（TDA,C₆H₃CH₃（NH₂）₂）性能的影响。通过XRD,BET,H₂-TPD、H₂-TPR和XPS技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,助剂的引入促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减小了Ni晶粒的尺寸,使得NiO晶粒更易还原。添加La、Fe和Zr助剂增加了有效的Ni活性中心数,有利于催化活性的提高,其中,添加La助剂制备的催化剂催化性能最优,DNT转化率和TDA选择性分别为98.1%和99.1%。但Co和Ce助剂的加入降低了化学氢吸附量,使得有效的Ni活性中心数降低,降低了催化剂的催化活性。     

Monomer-isomerization polymerization. XXVI. Formation of polyallylcyclohexane from propenylcyclohexane through monomer-isomerization polymerization with Ziegler–Natta catalysts

Monomer-isomerization polymerization of propenycyclohexane (PCH) with TiCl₃ and R_3-xAICI_x (R = C₂H₅ or i-C₄H₉, x = 1–3) catalysts was studied. It was found that PCH underwent monomer-isomerization polymerization to give a high molecular weight polymer consisting of an allylcyclohexane (ACH) repeat unit. Among the alkyaluminum cocatalysts examined, (C₂H₅)₃Al was the most effective cocatalyst for the monomer-isomerization polymerization of PCH, and a maximum for the polymerization was observed at a molar ratio of Al/Ti of about 2.0. The addition of isomerization catalysts such as nickel acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)₂] to the TiCl₃–(C₂H₅)₃Al catalyst accelerated the monomer-isomerization polymerization of PCH and gave a maximum for the polymerization at a Ni/Ti molar ratio of 0.5. PCH also undergoes monomer-isomerization copolymerization with 2-butene (2B).     

Bifunctional metal-free KAUST Catalysis Center 1 (KCC-1) as highly active catalyst for syngas production via methane partial oxidation

The metal-free KAUST Catalysis Center 1 (KCC-1) was synthesized through microemulsion method with microwave assistance and was assessed for methane partial oxidation (MPO) under various operating conditions. The electronic spin resonance spectroscopy, pyridine-probed infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen measurement indicated that the concentration of BrØnsted acid sites and oxygen vacancies in KCC-1 were at least 2-fold higher than its counterparts, which benefited MPO activity via the promotion of adsorption and dissociation of gaseous reactants. The principal species detected by post-reaction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was surface-adsorbed oxygen species; its relative percentages among all oxygen species reduced in the order spent KCC-1 (77.1%) > spent MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter number 41; 41.4%) > spent SiO₂ (?). The catalytic performance followed the same trend, suggesting that the surface-adsorbed oxygen species was the key factor for MPO process. Additionally, the carbon deposition rate increased in the order SiO₂ (16.8 mol/g_cat/s) > MCM-41 (11.7 mol/g_cat/s) > KCC-1 (7.7 mol/g_cat/s), consistent with the results of post-reaction Raman measurements. By coupling the in situ Fourier-transform infrared and XPS results, it is suggested that the high concentration of oxygen vacancies in KCC-1 contributed to activate the CH₄ molecules on acid sites via different O1-assisted kinetically relevant C–H bond activation mechanism for combustion-reforming pathway; meanwhile it provided an excellent adsorption-desorption cycle of O^2? species to inhibit the carbon deposition, thus creating a bifunctional reaction mechanism in MPO reaction.     

MoNiP/Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂的研究:金属分散状态对催化剂活性的影响

采用ＰＡＳＣ Ａ，ＸＰＳ，ＳＴＥＭ和微型反应色谱等技术，研究了一系列ＭｏＮｉＰ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面活性组分的分散状态及其对催化剂ＨＤＮ反应活性的影响。     

AlMCM-41负载Ni催化剂的正十二烷加氢转化反应性能研究

采用N_2脱附、XRD，NH_3-TPD和H_2-TPR等手段表征中孔分子筛AlMCM-41负载 Ni催化剂。结果表明，AlMCM-41负载Ni后会导致中孔分子筛骨架部分塌陷，孔道有 序度降低，而且，Ni与载体的相互作用随着载体中铝含量的增加而增强。此外，催 化剂的表面酸性以弱酸和中强酸为主。正十二烷加氢转化反应评价表明，在催化剂 Si/Al比为17.4 ～ 38.7范围内，随着铝含量的减少，氢解副反应加剧，正十烷的 转化率逐渐升高，异构选择率则以先增加后减小的趋势变化，在Si/Al=23.2时达到 最大值。当Si/Al比为17.4时，催化剂的酸/金属功能呈现较好的匹配，正十二烷裂 解产物以C_6为中心呈对称分布且i/n-(C_4～C_9)比例较高。     

NiW/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温煤焦油加氢性能研究

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Ni/W原子比的低温煤焦油加氢处理催化剂,并以BET、XRD、H₂-TPR和TG对催化剂进行表征。在固定床反应器中,以低温煤焦油小于350 ℃馏分作为原料对催化剂进行了加氢性能的评价,并采用蒸馏、GC/MS、荧光指示剂吸附及元素分析对原料及产物的馏分分布及组成进行了分析。结果表明,NiO和WO₃在载体上形成了均匀分散,NiO含量较低时与γ-Al₂O₃有较强的作用力而难以还原。当Ni/W原子比为0.38时,酚类化合物的转化率、航煤馏分选择性以及产物中环烷烃和氢化芳烃的含量均最高,加氢脱硫(HDS)活性、加氢脱氮(HDN)活性及产物的H/C原子比也最高,说明Ni/W原子比为0.38时,NiW/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对煤焦油加氢处理具有较好的效果。     

K改性Ni-Co-Al三元复合氧化物催化分解N2O

制备了(Ni+Co)/Al=3、Ni/Co=0.2(原子比)的NiCoAl三元类水滑石样品,焙烧获得NiCoAl复合氧化物,表面浸渍K₂CO₃溶液制备了K改性催化剂,用于N₂O分解反应,考察了K负载量、焙烧温度等制备参数和O₂、H₂O等反应气氛对催化剂活性的影响。用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的组成结构。结果表明,K的表面改性提高了催化剂对N₂O分解反应的催化活性,其中,400℃预焙烧NiCoAl类水滑石制得复合氧化物,初湿浸渍K₂CO₃溶液,K的负载量为K/(Ni+Co)=0.05,400℃ 再焙烧制备的催化剂活性较高,有氧有水条件下500℃ 反应时N₂O可完全分解;在NiCoAl复合氧化物表面负载K₂CO₃组分,降低了催化剂表面Co、Ni元素的电子结合能,弱化了表面Co-O、Ni-O化学键,从而提高了催化剂活性和抗水性能。     

柠檬酸添加方式对Mo-Ni-P/Al_2O_3催化剂加氢活性的影响

以Mo、Ni为活性组分,Al_2O_3为载体,采用不同柠檬酸添加方法制备了Mo-Ni-P/Al_2O_3催化剂.通过氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD),透射扫描电镜(TEM)、XPS等表征方法研究催化剂的物化性质.结果表明:催化剂经柠檬酸的后处理,改善了载体氧化铝表面羟基基团的分布,促使Mo物种以八面体配位多核聚钼酸的形态存在,有效地减弱了载体与活性金属之间的强相互作用,提高了Mo物种的分散度与硫化度,使得催化剂形成更多"Mo-Ni-S"加氢活性相,提高了催化剂的加氢活性.与其他处理方法相比,柠檬酸后处理的催化剂对VGO具有更高的加氢脱硫、脱氮与芳烃饱和性能.     

Surface characterization of WO(3)/ZrO(2) catalysts

A series of WO(3)/ZrO(2) catalysts with tungsten (W) loadings ranging from 0.5 to 11.4 wt% was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation on a preformed ZrO(2) support. The oxidic catalysts were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, ISS, and IR spectroscopy. XRD and Raman results showed that the ZrO(2) support was predominantly present in the monoclinic form. XPS and Raman measurements indicated the formation of increasing amounts of W interaction species for catalysts with W loadings up to 8.8 wt% WO(3). In addition to the W interaction species, bulk WO(3) was also observed for catalysts with W loadings > or = 3.0 wt% WO(3). Comparison of the XPS results with coverage measurements by ISS and CO adsorption suggests that the W surface phase is in the form of two-dimensional polymeric patches for catalysts with W loadings 3.0 < or = wt% WO(3) < or = 4.5. For catalysts with W loadings >4.5 wt% WO(3), the results indicated an additional build-up of a bilayer (or multilayer) polymeric W species. Analysis of the hydroxyl region of ZrO(2) by IR spectroscopy showed that initial additions of W occur on the high frequency hydroxyl group. A schematic for the structure of the catalysts has been proposed based on the above observations.