均匀磁化介质椭球的退磁因子及退磁场

在椭球坐标系中求解了均匀椭球磁介质在匀强磁场中的磁化问题,得到了空间磁标势、磁场、介质中退磁场和退磁因子的表达式,研究了椭球形状与退磁因子的关系,分析了介质磁化率对退磁场方向的影响.结论为:椭球磁介质内的退磁场是匀强磁场;退磁因子的大小与椭球形状有关,与椭球大小无关,沿椭球长轴方向的退磁因子较小;一般而言退磁场方向与外磁场方向既不相同也不相反.铁磁质椭球内的退磁场几乎与外磁场反向.     

Experimental method for determining the total demagnetizing factor of thin amorphous ribbons

The basis of the method is the influence of the demagnetizing field on the maximum rate of magnetic flux change of the amorphous ribbon. The method allows to determine the demagnetizing factor of thin amorphous ribbons in a wide range of its values. With the proposed method the frequency dependence of the demagnetizing factor of amorphous ribbon with a helical magnetic anisotropy was found out.     

The influence of a demagnetizing field on hysteresis losses in a dense assembly of superparamagnetic nanoparticles

The electrodynamic method is used to measure the hysteresis losses of a dense assembly of magnetite nanoparticles with an average diameter D=25 nm in the frequency range f=10–150 kHz and for magnetic field amplitudes H₀=100–300 Oe. It is found that the specific loss power is determined by a demagnetizing factor of a whole sample. It diminishes approximately 4.5 times when the sample aspect ratio decreases from L/d=11.4 to L/d≈1, where L and d are the sample length and diameter, respectively. For H₀≤300 Oe the maximal specific loss power 120 W/g is obtained for the sample with L/d=11.4 at f=120 kHz. For comparison, the assembly specific absorption rate has been determined also by means of direct measurement of the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of a flat cuvette containing magnetic nanoparticles. For both methods of measurement close values for the specific absorption rate are obtained for samples with similar demagnetizing factors.     

垂直磁记录薄膜实施剩余磁化测量时退磁场的补偿

对于垂直磁记录薄膜，进行剩余磁化强度的测量时，必须补偿退磁场.提出一种新方法，在直流退磁剩磁和等温剩磁测量中采用有效反向磁场来直接补偿退磁场.从而可以正确地得出垂直磁记录薄膜的ΔM曲线并评价晶粒间的磁相互作用.还采用了三种方法来确定其中的关键参数——退磁因子.结果表明，c轴垂直取向的钡铁氧体薄膜中，晶粒间的磁相互作用是交换偶合型的；而Co-Cr-Ta薄膜中，晶粒间磁相互作用是静磁相互作用. 关键词： 退磁场补偿 直流退磁剩磁(DCD) 等温剩磁(IRM) ΔM曲线     

非均匀弱直流偏置磁场中CoFe-基非晶态合金丝的静磁化分布和退磁场分布

当前从事非晶态合金丝巨磁阻抗效应的理论研究均以忽略其内部退磁场为前提,该前提对于小尺寸非晶态合金丝不适用.本文提出一种用于计算Co Fe-基非晶态合金丝内部静磁化强度、退磁场分布的模型.该模型将非晶态合金丝内部划分成同轴、等宽、等厚、半径不同的相邻无交圆环,计算各圆环内磁化强度对场点r处退磁场冲激响应,得到冲激响应矩阵.利用该矩阵求解均匀/非均匀直流偏置磁场中非晶态合金丝内静磁化强度、退磁场分布.     

X-ray photoemission and magnetometric studies of valence changes in Ce(Cu1−xNix)4Ga

The compounds Ce(Cu_1−xNi_x)₄Ga crystallize in the hexagonal CaCu₅-type structure for the whole doping range 0≤x≤1. The border compounds CeCu₄Ga and CeNi₄Ga represent a heavy fermion and fluctuating valence systems, respectively. We report on the studies of the valence evolution in Ce(Cu_1−xNi_x)₄Ga employing the X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The photoemission of the Ce 3d peaks shows a gradual decrease of the occupation of the f states with Ni content. Simultaneously, the hybridization strength and the low temperature magnetic susceptibility are reduced. Within the valence band spectrum a transition from the dominance of the Cu 3d to the dominance of the Ni 3d states is well visible with the traces of the Ce 4f¹ states for up to x=0.5.     

Computation of demagnetizing fields and particle distribution in magnetic fluid with inhomogeneous density

A new algorithm for calculating magnetic fields in a concentrated magnetic fluid with inhomogeneous density is proposed. Inhomogeneity of the fluid is caused by magnetophoresis. In this case, the diffusion and magnetostatic parts of the problem are tightly linked together and are solved jointly. The dynamic diffusion equation is solved by the finite volume method and, to calculate the magnetic field inside the fluid, an iterative process is performed in parallel. The solution to the problem is sought in Cartesian coordinates, and the computational domain is decomposed into rectangular elements. This technique eliminates the need to solve the related boundary-value problem for magnetic fields, accelerates computations and eliminates the error caused by the finite sizes of the outer region. Formulas describing the contribution of the rectangular element to the field intensity in the case of a plane problem are given. Magnetic and concentration fields inside the magnetic fluid filling a rectangular cavity generated under the action of the uniform external filed are calculated.     

Magnetostatics of synthetic ferrimagnet elements

We calculate the magnetostatic energy of synthetic ferrimagnet (SyF) elements, consisting of two thin ferromagnetic layers coupled antiferromagnetically, e.g. through RKKY coupling. Uniform magnetization is assumed in each layer. Exact formulas as well as approximate yet accurate ones are provided. These may be used to evaluate various quantities of SyF such as shape-induced coercivity and thermal stability, like demagnetizing coefficients are used in single elements.     

Magnetic responses in 1D mesoscopic rings and cylinders

I investigated a detailed study of persistent current and low-field magnetic susceptibility in one-dimensional mesoscopic rings and cylinders threaded by slowly varying magnetic flux φ in the tight-binding model. In perfect rings described by constant number of electrons N_e, current shows only saw-tooth variation with φ, while for those rings described by constant chemical potential μ, current varies saw-tooth like for some special choices of μ, but in all other cases it shows kink-like structures. On the other hand, in perfect cylinders I get both saw-tooth and kink-like structures in persistent current whether these cylinders are described by constant N_e or μ. In presence of impurity, current gets a continuous variation with φ only for the rings described by constant N_e, while in all other cases it depends on the choice of μ. My exact calculation predicts that the diamagnetic and paramagnetic sign of the low-field currents can be determined exactly for the rings described by constant N_e. In perfect rings, I get only diamagnetic currents both for odd and even N_e, while in presence of impurity current always shows diamagnetic sign for the rings with odd N_e and paramagnetic sign for the rings with even N_e. Both for the perfect and disordered rings described by constant μ the sign of the current cannot be mentioned exactly since it depends on the choice of μ and disordered configurations. Similar arguments are also true for the cylinders those are described either by constant N_e or by constant μ since the sign of the current in these systems depends on N_e, μ and disordered configurations.     

Scaling laws and approximate expressions for the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of Brownian nanoparticles

We present simplified expressions for the out-of-phase component of the dynamic susceptibility χ″ of lognormal-sized magnetic nanoparticles under Brownian rotation. These expressions are based on transforming the general integral functions used for χ″ in the convolution of gaussian functions. χ″ can thus be expressed as a sum of gaussians with parameters directly related to those of the size distribution and to the saturation magnetization. The gaussian fit of χ″(ω) (where ω is the ac field frequency) is a simpler way to determine these structural and magnetic parameters as it avoids fitting χ″(ω) to an integral function. The expressions derived for χ″ suggest that χ″T data collapses in a ωη(T)/T scale (where T is the temperature and η the fluids viscosity), which is confirmed by numerical calculations. We also discuss the limits of validity of these approximations in real systems where both Néel and Brownian relaxation mechanisms coexist and we present further approximations for the relation of ω_χ with the average volume (being ω_χ the frequency at which χ″ is maximum). The ωη(T)/T scale can be used to qualitatively evaluate the dominance of the Brownian relaxation mechanism.     

Analysis of the magnetic field, force, and torque for two-dimensional Halbach cylinders

The Halbach cylinder is a construction of permanent magnets used in applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, accelerator magnets and magnetic cooling devices. In this paper the analytical expression for the magnetic vector potential, magnetic flux density and magnetic field for a two dimensional Halbach cylinder are derived. The remanent flux density of a Halbach magnet is characterized by the integer p. For a number of applications the force and torque between two concentric Halbach cylinders are important. These quantities are calculated and the force is shown to be zero except for the case where p for the inner magnet is one minus p for the outer magnet. Also the force is shown never to be balancing. The torque is shown to be zero unless the inner magnet p is equal to minus the outer magnet p. Thus there can never be a force and a torque in the same system.     

Double exchange model for RuSr2(Eu,Gd)Cu2O8

We propose a double exchange model to describe the RuO₂ planes of RuSr₂(Eu,Gd)Cu₂O₈. The Ru⁺⁵ ions are described by localized spins, and additional electrons provided by the superconducting CuO₂ planes are coupled ferromagnetically to them by Hund rules coupling. We calculate the spin structure factor, magnetic susceptibility and magnetization as a function of magnetic field and temperature, using a Monte Carlo algorithm in which the Ru⁺⁵ spins are treated as classical. Several experiments which seemed in contradiction with one another are explained by the theory.     

Comparisons between various width fluctuation correction factors for compound nucleus reactions

The exact expression for the width fluctuation correction factor, obtained with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) approach, has been implemented computationally to describe a nuclear reaction for any open channel—elastic, inelastic, capture, and fission. This exact expression is compared with various approximate expressions. It turns out that the approximate expression given by Moldauer is the closest to the GOE value. Since comparison between model predictions and experimental data alone cannot provide the answer concerning the correct approximate method, the present comparison indicates that Moldauer’s model is the one to use in reaction models for practical applications.     

A simple alternating current magnetometer for high temperature superconductivity study

Abstract

We report a simple alternating current magnetometer. It is based on the principle of an ordinary Hartshorn bridge. The use of a two-channel oscillator allowed us a simple construction and a sensitivity of magnetic moment better than 10^?6emu, normally sufficient for superconductivity studies. The whole system is controlled by a personal computer to collect the data automatically.     

Forces and torque on a pair of uncharged conducting cylinders in an external electric field

Exact results are given for the forces per unit length acting on each of a pair of parallel conducting cylinders when polarized by an external electric field perpendicular to the cylinders. Simple analytic results are obtained at small and large separations of the cylinders. The torque on the cylinders (which acts to align them with the electric field) is proportional to the difference between the longitudinal and transverse polarizabilities. The forces acting on the cylinders (which are equal and opposite) are given by the derivatives of the polarizabilities with respect to their separation.     

Magnetic susceptibility curves of a nanoparticle assembly, I: Theoretical model and analytical expressions for a single magnetic anisotropy energy

We study a model system made of non-interacting monodomain ferromagnetic nanoparticles, considered as macrospins, with a randomly oriented uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. We derive a simple differential equation governing the magnetic moment evolution in an experimental magnetic susceptibility measurement, at low field and as a function of temperature, following the well-known Zero-Field Cooled/Field Cooled (ZFC/FC) protocol. Exact and approximate analytical solutions are obtained, together for the ZFC curve and the FC curve. The notion of blocking temperature is discussed and the influence of various parameters on the curves is investigated. A crossover temperature is defined and a comparison is made between our progressive crossover model (PCM) and the crude “two states” or abrupt transition model (ATM), where the particles are assumed to be either fully blocked or purely superparamagnetic. We consider here the case of a single magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), which is a prerequisite before considering the more realistic and experimentally relevant case of an assembly of particles with a MAE distribution (cf. part II that follows).     

用脉冲紫外激光预处理提高刀具的金刚石涂层的附着强度

采用脉冲紫外激光（XeCl，308nm）表面消融预处理方法以硬质合金为衬底制备了金刚石涂层刀具。利用压痕法对涂层结合强度进行了测试，得到了最佳预处理工艺条件。采用碳化硅增强铝合金材料对制备的金刚石涂层刀具进行了实际切削性能实验。实验结果表明:脉冲紫外激光表面消融预处理方法的采用对刀具的金刚石薄膜涂层附着强度的提高有很大的帮助。     

一维丝室气体探测器衍射像差的修正方法研究

一维位置灵敏单丝气体探测器采用单根镀金钨丝和200根阴极感应条的探测结构, X射线在阳极丝上产生的信号被多个阴极条感应, 利用重心法得到X射线的原初电离点的位置信息, 位置分辨率达到160 μm(半高全宽). 在同步辐射衍射实验中, X射线通过样品后会形成不同大小的衍射环, 本实验中测量得到11.148°和14.201°的两组衍射角位置信息; 通过平行移动一维探测器在衍射环范围内多次扫描, 可以重建得到二维衍射环. 由于一维探测器的气体厚度和入射窗宽度会给测量结果带来像差, 分析发现像差的影响大于一维探测器的位置分辨. 基于相应的物理分析对测量到的衍射位置进行修正, 修正后的衍射位置相比修正前的衍射位置的相对像差最大改善达到7%, 该方法实现了无像差二维衍射环的重建.     

Size effect on magnetic properties of a nano-graphene bilayer structure: A Monte Carlo study

In this paper we use the Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the magnetic properties of an Ising ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic model. The system is based on a nano-graphene structure-like bilayer with two bloc sizes: N=24 and 42 spins. For each size N, the upper layer A is formed with spin −3/2, whereas the lower layer B is composed of spin −5/2. We only consider the first nearest-neighbor interactions between the sites i and j. The magnetic properties are studied, in the absence as well as in the presence of a crystal magnetic field, and an external magnetic field. The increasing temperature and crystal field as well as the inter-layer coupling constant, are also studied for this system sizes N=24 and 42 spins. The zero-field-cooled and the field cooled magnetization behaviors are investigated for different values of external magnetic field and a fixed value of exchange interaction between the two blocs. The magnetizations as well as the magnetic susceptibilities versus the temperature are used in order to obtain blocking temperature.     

Structures and magnetic properties for electrodeposited Co ultrathin films on copper

The formation of Co films on polycrystalline copper in diluted sulphuric acid was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy, and in-situ magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) techniques. By comparing CV measurements in the pure supporting electrolyte (11 mM K₂SO₄/1 mM H₂SO₄) and the cobalt sulphate solution (10 mM K₂SO₄/1 mM H₂SO₄/1 mM CoSO₄), peaks from voltammetric cycling for copper dissolution, readsorption of dissolved copper ions, cobalt bulk dissolution and oxidation of hydrogen could be resolved. As the electroplating time increases, the size of the Co clusters increases and the deposition of Co corresponds to island growth. The first hysteresis loop occurs at a Co thickness of 0.33 nm in the longitudinal configuration. For films thinner than 7 nm, the Kerr intensity increases linearly because the Curie temperature of the film is well above 300 K.