大型多支承变刚度回转窑支承载荷分配问题

回转窑是冶金、水泥、耐火材料生产中的核心设备，是一种重载、大扭矩、多支点、静不定运行系统，由于其载荷和刚度分布复杂、各支承存在偏移，作用在它托轮上的支承载荷分配严重不均。本文针对回转窑载荷和刚度分布的特点，建立支承载荷求解的力学模型和线性方程组，导出支承载荷分配与支承偏差的关系式；用该方法对现场回转窑进行计算，得出该窑支承载荷分配的线性公式和一些分析结论，为生产中回转窑的状态分析、优化调控提供依据。     

基于轴线检测的回转窑支承系统等寿命优化研究

回转窑运行中由于轴线偏移，支承载荷分配不均导致托轮轴疲劳断裂。本文通过对回转窑托轮轴进行力学分析，导出支承系统各托轮轴疲劳损伤与轴线偏差的关系，从而根据轴线检测得出各托轮轴剩余疲劳寿命；以轴线偏差调整量为优化变量，各托轮轴中最小的剩余寿命最大为目标函数建立优化模型，结合现场实例进行支承系统等寿命优化调整研究。研究结果表明常规的调窑方法存在很大的盲目性，应用等寿命优化调整的方法必要、可行，能有效防止托轮轴疲劳断裂事故，为回转窑的维护与调整提供理论依据，对现场生产有重要的指导意义。     

四角点支承四边自由矩形薄板屈曲问题的新解析解

角点支承矩形薄板的屈曲问题是板壳力学的一类重要课题，控制方程和边界条件的复杂性导致寻求该类问题的解析解十分困难。虽然各类近似/数值方法可用于解决此类难题，但作为基准的精确解析解在公开文献中鲜有报道。本文基于近年来提出的辛叠加方法，解析求解了四角点支承四边自由矩形薄板的屈曲问题。首先将问题拆分为两个子问题，接着利用分离变量与辛本征展开推导出子问题的解析解，最后通过叠加获得原问题的解。由于求解过程从基本控制方程出发，逐步严格推导，无需假定解的形式，因此本文解法是一种理性的解析方法。数值算例给出了不同长宽比和不同面内载荷比情况下，四角点支承四边自由矩形薄板的屈曲载荷和典型屈曲模态，并经有限元方法验证，确认了解析解的正确性。     

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针对回转窑运行轴线变化所引起筒体发生弯曲振动, 推导了托轮系统各向异性等效刚度计算方程，发展了传递矩阵法来建立回转窑的动力 学模型，并进行实例求解分析，从理论上阐明了常用的轴线检测方法存在动态误差的本质缺 陷，为计算筒体动应力和轴线检测动态误差提供了基础方程.     

一边简支二角点支承的矩形板弯曲

在分析求解条件完备性的基础上将矩形板的弯曲划分为广义静定问题和广义超静定问题，分别采用直接求解和叠加法解决了一边简支一角点支承和一边简支二角点支承的矩形板在板面分布荷载、板边分布荷载、角点集中力作用下以及角点支承产生支座沉陷时的弯曲。计算表明这种解法收敛快，计算精度高，适用范围广     

弹塑性梁在轴向应力波下的动态屈曲

本文考虑轴向应力波效应，利用分叉理论研究各种支承半无限长弹塑性梁的动态屈曲问题。在轴向阶梯载荷和脉冲载荷冲击下得到了梁的临界屈曲载荷及初始屈曲模态。其结果与实验现象相一致。同时也为研究结构动态屈曲问题提供了有效途径。     

考虑轴向均布载荷时压杆的稳定性计算

为了求得压杆同时承受轴向均布载荷和集中载荷时,临界载荷的计算公式,首先对仅承受轴向均布载荷的压杆,用初参数法,导出了临界载荷特征方程,由软件分析特征方程发现, "固支--定向"、"固支--自由"、"铰支--定向"支承的压杆,轴向均布载荷对其稳定性有明显影响,并求得了临界载荷的近似解;其次采用载荷换算与叠加的方法,求得了压杆同时承受轴向均布载荷和集中载荷时,临界载荷计算的经验公式;最后就"固支--自由"支承的压杆,与其他一些研究结果进行了比较,本文结果与"平均结果"较吻合.     

自由-自由运行体系动态载荷反演问题研究

对自由-自由运行体系动态载荷识别问题进行深入研究,将自由-自由运行体系振动积分方程时域离散化,建立了体系动态载荷反演的力学模型。在动态载荷反演模型求解过程中,由于结构矩阵的病态特性以及测量噪声的影响,常规最小二乘法往往失效;通过对载荷反演模型进行奇异值分解,指出该病态问题的本质,并提出相应的正则化求解方法。数值仿真表明了本文方法能够得到满足工程要求的稳定近似解。本文研究对于实际飞行器运行过程所受动载荷评估具有一定的意义。     

关于位移法计算有侧移斜梁的研究

针对用位移法计算有侧移斜梁时遇到的几个问题进行了研究，利用运动学原理对斜 梁位移进行分析，采用力法对几种常见载荷作用下的斜梁进行理论推导，得到了几 个重要结论: 一是斜梁的侧移计算公式，二是一端固定、一端定向支承(支杆与斜梁斜交时)的有侧移单 跨斜梁的转角位移方程、固端弯矩分别与两端固定支承的水平梁的相同，所以计算此类斜梁 时可以按两端固定支承的单跨水平梁处理.     

弹性体表面分层压缩失稳问题的数学弹性力学解

采用数学弹性力学的稳定平衡方程并结合富氏积分变换的方法研究了含表面平行裂纹的弹性体在压缩载荷下的表面分层失稳问题。导出了一级显式的精确齐次奇异积分方程组,然后.通过Gauss-Chebyshev积分公式,得到一组齐次代数方程组,从而求出临界压缩载荷。并将结果与经典的材料力学梁板稳定的研究方法所得结果进行了比较,指出经典方法误差太大而不适于求解此问题。最后,利用数学弹性力学解求出的等效弹性支承常数给出一个简单精确的临界压缩载荷计算公式。     

回转窑多粒径颗粒流动与偏析的DEM模拟与实验研究

为明晰回转窑内颗粒的运动行为及偏析机理,以绿豆、黄豆和黑豆为颗粒介质,依次对3种装填顺序下的颗粒流动过程进行离散元模拟与实验研究,以颗粒质量分数和平均粒度为判据,对颗粒偏析进行评价。结果表明,回转窑内颗粒流动区可分为自由滚落区、渗流呆滞区以及窑壁携带区,自由滚落区颗粒流速最大,而渗流呆滞区流速最小。窑内颗粒沿轴向输运过程发生径向偏析,形成夹层结构,小颗粒受渗流作用在渗流呆滞区中心形成内核,大粒径和中等粒径颗粒集中在自由滚落区和窑壁携带区。窑内颗粒力链分布不均匀,强力链分布于近窑壁区,弱力链分布于自由滚落区和渗流呆滞区,且渗流呆滞区力链细而密集。当窑头附近不同粒径颗粒存在轴向速度差时,颗粒在轴向发生掺混,并产生径向偏析。     

回转筒体轴向窜动的力学性能分析及控制

基于长期生产实践，针对回转窑筒体在运转时发生持续下滑，引起系统频发故障，造成停机的问题，应用弹性滑动理论和摩擦传动理论分析论证了窑体下滑的原因；给出了窑体轴向滑动速度的计算方法；介绍了控制窑体轴向窜动的方法。     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of kiln roller under axis line deflection

This paper investigates the multiaxial fatigue life of the roller in rolling contact with wheels with respect to axis line deflection. The multiaxial fatigue criteria proposed by Wang and Brown, together with the ralnflow counting method and Miner- Palmgren＇s rule, are applied to the cumulative damage estimation and life prediction. As the axis line deflection of overlong kilns generally results in asymmetric load distribution on each roller, the load ratio is introduced to describe the deflection for quantitative stress analyses. The stress analyses are performed within the finite element code ANSYS. The tangential friction stress is calculated in terms ：of the condition of the rolling contact area. By taking one roller as an example, the plotted fatigue life versus load ratio curve discovers how the axis line deflection affects the fatigue life. This study is significant to prevent the fatigue failure of the roller and can provide basis to adjust and optimize the axis line of the rotary kiln.     

Vibration analysis of undamped,suspended multi-beam absorber systems

The vibration analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with an attached rotary unit is first carried out assuming no unbalance. For comparison purposes, two different beam end boundary conditions are considered: a simply-supported and a clamped-clamped condition. The problem is then extended to the vibration behavior of the initial beam when subjected to a harmonic load due to an unbalance in the rotary unit. To absorb the ensuing vibrations, a secondary passive beam system is suspended from the primary beam which consists of two continuous leaf springs and three discrete masses. The absorption frequency is obtained by exploring the deflection norm of the primary beam versus dimensionless frequencies of the system. To ensure the appropriateness of the procedure for similar multi-beam absorber systems, an experimental set-up is established and analytical results are verified.     

Vibrations and Dissipative Heating of a Viscoelastic Beam under a Moving Load

The vibrations and dissipative heating of an infinite viscoelastic beam under a moving load are studied on the basis of Timoshenko beam theory. The influence of transverse-shear strain and rotary inertia on the critical velocities of the moving load, the amplitude of bending vibration, and the temperature of dissipative heating is analyzed__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 69–76, January 2005.     

Out-of-plane responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load

For the cases of using the finite curved beam elements and taking the effects of both the shear deformation and rotary inertias into consideration, the literature regarding either free or forced vibration analysis of the curved beams is rare. Thus, this paper tries to determine the dynamic responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load using the curved beam elements. By taking account of the effect of shear deformation and that of rotary inertias due to bending and torsional vibrations, the stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of the curved beam element were obtained from the force–displacement relations and the kinetic energy equations, respectively. Since all the element property matrices for the curved beam element are derived based on the local polar coordinate system (rather than the local Cartesian one), their coefficients are invariant for any curved beam element with constant radius of curvature and subtended angle and one does not need to transform the property matrices of each curved beam element from the local coordinate system to the global one to achieve the overall property matrices for the entire curved beam structure before they are assembled. The availability of the presented approach has been verified by both the existing analytical solutions for the entire continuum curved beam and the numerical solutions for the entire discretized curved beam composed of the conventional straight beam elements based on either the consistent-mass model or the lumped-mass model. In addition to the typical circular curved beams, a hybrid curved beam composed of one curved-beam segment and two identical straight-beam segments subjected to a moving load was also studied. Influence on the dynamic responses of the curved beams of the slenderness ratio, moving-load speed, shear deformation and rotary inertias was investigated.     

转子系统振动特性分析的一种高精度有限元

导出了转子－支承系统的基本微分方程井运用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法对一种新的高精度转子单元进行了推导。采用该单元对几个算例进行了计算并与试验结果及其它文献的相应结果进行了比较。计算结果表明，该单元具有良好的精度。     

多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁荷载横向分布系数研究

为探讨多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁横向分布系数计算方法,同时考虑波形钢腹板抗扭刚度、剪切变形及钢混滑移效应,对传统的偏心压力法、修正偏心压力法及刚接梁法进行修正,并结合有限元模型通过一座典型的4主梁波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁桥对比分析了上述方法的适用性,最后基于参数分析研究了横隔板数量及刚度对其横向荷载分布系数的影响。结果表明,考虑剪切变形及滑移效应的刚接梁法得到的荷载横向分布系数与有限元值符合最好;当桥梁宽跨比小于2时,宜采用刚接梁法计算各主梁荷载横向分布系数,当宽跨比大于2时,宜采用更为简洁的修正偏心压力法进行计算;横隔板的设置可改善各主梁荷载横向均匀分布,但跨间横隔板间距和刚度对其荷载横向分布系数影响较小,实桥设计时可仅在端部及跨中位置布置横隔板,横隔板刚度及其余部位横隔板数量可根据结构稳定性要求进行布置。