跨接VTSRK方程计算烃类的pVT性质

烃类pVT性质的精细表征对能源动力、化工等领域应用有重要价值,临界区热力性质描述是难点之一.本文建立了烷烃(C1-C20)的跨接比容平移Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)(跨接VTSRK)状态方程,在SRK状态方程的基础上引入了比容平移和跨接方法,以改善饱和液相密度和近临界区域热力学性质的计算精度,方程参数被表达为物质临界参数和偏心因子的函数.比较结果表明,跨接方程对烷烃(C1-C20)饱和蒸气压、饱和气相密度、饱和液相密度的计算平均偏差分别为1.01%、1.83%和0.93%,显著优于原方程,单相区和近临界区的pVT性质计算精度也比原状态方程有较大改善.进一步将方程推广到环烷烃(环丙烷、环戊烷和环己烷)和苯、甲苯的计算,也获得了较好效果,验证了方程的预测能力.     

由L-J流体的FMSA状态方程计算流体的PVT性质

运用Tang等提出的Lennard-Jones (L-J)流体两参数的一阶平均球形近似(FMSA)状态方程, 计算了流体的汽液共存相图和饱和蒸汽压曲线, 以及非饱和区的PVT性质, 并与文献数据进行比较. L-J参数由Tr＜0.95的汽液相共存数据回归得到. 计算结果表明, 对于分子较接近球形的流体, 除临界点附近外, 该方程可以在较大的温度和压力范围内计算真实流体的PVT性质, 结果满意. 对于球形分子, 该方程的精确度随分子尺寸的变大基本保持稳定. 该方程不适用于强极性物质. 在高密度区, 该方程的计算结果明显优于P-R方程. 对于分子偏离球形较远的流体, 该方程的适用性变差, 此时要考虑分子形状的影响, 可采用三参数的FMSA状态方程进行计算.     

运用模糊神经网络表达和预测链烷烃pVT性质

采用一种基于遗传算法的新型模糊神经网络方法研究链烷烃类化合物的pVT性质。该方法综合神经网络、遗传算法与模糊系统三种柔性智能计算技术的优点,具有良好的学习能力,不易陷入局部最小区域,学习速度较快,网络知识以模糊语言变量的形式加以表达,易于理解。用分子连接性指数对24种链烷烃化合物结构和pVT数据进行学习,进而预测另外14种未知化合物的pVT性质,较好地揭示出化合物分子结构与pVT性质之间的关系,并给出了良好的关联与预测结果。     

White流体重整化群理论的标度性质

平均场状态方程结合重整化群理论的方法能预测流体的临界性质以及远离临界点的热力学性质. 利用经典的参数型状态方程结合White的重整化过程计算了CO2以及多种正构烷烃(C1～C7)的汽液相平衡热力学性质, 并在此基础上讨论了真实流体在临界点附近的非对称性质. 计算结果表明, White的流体重整化群理论能够很好地预测流体的相平衡热力学性质, 但是对于临界非对称性质不能给出与标度理论相符的结果.     

金配合物[Au（C=C-4-LNO2）（PPh3）二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

用含时密度泛函理论组合态求和方法研究实验合成的金配合物[Au（C≡C-4-LNO2）（PPh3），L=-C6H4（1），-C5H3N（2）]和自行设计的金配合物[Au（C≡C-4-CdH：N2NO2）（PPh3）L=-C4H2N2]（3）的非线性光学性质．计算结果表明，3个配合物的二阶非线性性质变化规律为β1〈β2〈β3，与芳香性的变化规律正好相反．3个配合物的频率色散理论计算结果与实验观测值不符，暗示着晶体合成时的晶胞排列方式是影响体系宏观NLO性质的关键因素之一．     

碳氢化合物燃烧中间体Lennard-Jones系数的计算

在已有的基团贡献法公式的基础上,提出了一种新的基团贡献法公式,并通过拟合250种化合物(包括185种稳定化合物临界性质的实验值和65种自由基临界性质的计算值)的临界性质得到了40种基团的贡献值,并用于预测未知化合物的临界性质.选取了训练集以外的、有临界性质实验值的30种化合物作为独立测试集,用于验证所建模型对临界性质的预测能力,T_C和P_C平均绝对偏差分别为8.52%和16.83%.结果表明,预测结果和实验值相吻合,该模型可以用于大分子化合物及自由基的临界性质预测.根据临界性质与Lennard-Jones(L-J)系数的经验关系式,预测了碳氢化合物燃烧中间体的L-J系数,得到独立测试集46种碳氢化合物的L-J系数,与文献值接近,T_C和P_C的平均绝对偏差分别为9.88%和9.96%.比较了训练集中烷烃自由基·C_6H_(13)、烯烃自由基·C_5H_9和炔烃自由基·C_5H_7同分异构体的L-J系数,同时,将己烷自由基·C_6H_(13)与相似的邻近烷烃C_6H_(14)的L-J系数进行比较,发现同分异构体之间或相似化合物之间L-J系数有较大偏差.此外,对缺少L-J系数的114种常见碳氢化合物自由基进行了预测.这对于碳氢化合物的燃烧模拟及基元反应中压强相关的速率常数计算有重要意义.     

环杂硝胺结构和性能的DFT比较研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP方法,在6－31G^**基组水平下,全优化计算了 环二甲撑二硝胺（DAX）、环三甲撑三硝胺（RDX）、环四甲撑四硝胺（HMX）和环 五甲撑五硝胺（CRX）共4种环杂硝胺同系物的分子几何构型、电子结构、IR谱和热 力学性质,揭示了它们结构和性质的异同。基于Kamlet公式计算了这4种化合物的 爆速和爆压,求得与已有实验相符的递变规律。     

烯烃的热力学性质与价键拓扑指数的关系研究

烯烃的热力学性质与价键拓扑指数的关系研究倪才华冯志云＊（荆州师专化学系４３４１００）在有机化合物结构与性能研究中，用拓扑指数研究饱和烷烃的物理化学性质已有了较多尝试。因为饱和烷烃分子中键的类型只有Ｃ－Ｃσ单键和Ｃ－Ｈσ单键，在省氢分子图上，任意一根化...     

超临界CO2与叔丁醇二元系统高压相平衡研究

采用固定体积可视观察法测量装置测定了CO2与叔丁醇在323.2~353.2 K温度范围内于不同压力下的平衡数据, 并运用Peng-Robinson状态方程(PR)和Van der Waals-2混合规则建立了相平衡模型, 通过非线性最小二乘法优化计算得到了不同温度下的模型参数. 并得到了模型参数与温度的表达式, 分别为k12=-199.2066+1.8136T-0.00548T2+5.50×10-6T3; n12=-384.5626+3.4960T-0.01056T2+1.06×10-5T3.获得了此体系在不同组成下的临界压力、临界温度、临界摩尔体积、临界压缩因子和临界密度等临界性质. 研究结果表明, CO2与叔丁醇二元体系的临界温度、临界压力和临界压缩因子均随着临界CO2组成的增加而降低.     

烃类化合物碳氢键解离焓的密度泛函理论研究

通过比较10种密度泛函方法对烃类化合物碳氢键解离焓的计算精度, 发现新型密度泛函BMK方法具有最高的计算精度. 利用该方法计算了包含饱和链烃,、不饱和链烃、脂环烃和芳香烃在内的172个烃类化合物的碳氢键解离焓,计算均方根误差仅为7.95 kJ•mol^－1, 线性拟合常数为0.985. 通过自然键轨道法分析发现, 烃类物质的碳氢键解离焓与母体的碳氢键杂化轨道成分p%, 自由基奇电子轨道杂化成分p%及自由基的自旋密度三个参数之间存在较好的定量关系. 此外, 饱和链烷烃及不饱和链烃的碳氢键解离焓与碳氢键键长之间也存在较好的线性关系.     

Empirical correction to the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the saturated region

This work presents an empirical correction to improve the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) for representing the densities of pure liquids and liquid mixtures in the saturated region using the volume translation method. A temperature-dependent volume correction is employed to improve the original PR EOS so that it can match the true critical point of pure fluids. The volume correction is generalized as a function of the critical parameters and the reduced temperature. The volume translation PR (VTPR) EOS with the generalized volume correction accurately represents the saturated liquid densities for different polar and non-polar fluids, including alkanes, cycloparaffins, halogenated hydrocarbons, olefins, cyclic olefins, aromatics and inorganic molecules. The average relative deviations for 91 pure compounds was 1.37%. The generalized VTPR EOS was also used to predict the saturated liquid density of 53 binary mixtures with a relative deviation of 0.98%. The generalized VTPR EOS can also be extended to other materials. The accuracy of the generalized VTPR EOS compares well with other methods and equations of state.     

A new cubic equation of state for simple fluids: pure and mixture

A two-parameter cubic equation of state is developed. Both parameters are taken temperature dependent. Methods are also suggested to calculate the attraction parameter and the co-volume parameter of this new equation of state. For calculating the thermodynamic properties of a pure compound, this equation of state requires the critical temperature, the critical pressure and the Pitzer’s acentric factor of the component. Using this equation of state, the vapor pressure of pure compounds, especially near the critical point, and the bubble point pressure of binary mixtures are calculated accurately. The saturated liquid density of pure compounds and binary mixtures are also calculated quite accurately. The average of absolute deviations of the predicted vapor pressure, vapor volume and saturated liquid density of pure compounds are 1.18, 1.77 and 2.42%, respectively. Comparisons with other cubic equations of state for predicting some thermodynamic properties including second virial coefficients and thermal properties are given. Moreover, the capability of this equation of state for predicting the molar heat capacity of gases at constant pressure and the sound velocity in gases are also illustrated.     

A new cubic equation of state for reservoir fluids

A new three-parameter cubic equation of state is developed with special attention to the application for reservoir fluids. One parameter is taken temperature dependent and others are held constant. The EOS parameters were evaluated by minimizing saturated liquid density deviation from experimental values and satisfying the equilibrium condition of equality of fugacities simultaneously. Then, these parameters were fitted against reduced temperature and Pitzer acentric factor. For calculating the thermodynamic properties of a pure component, this equation of state requires the critical temperature, the critical pressure, the acentric factor and the experimental critical compressibility of the substance. Using this equation of state, saturated liquid density, saturated vapor density and vapor pressure of pure components, especially near the critical point, are calculated accurately. The average absolute deviations of the predicted saturated liquid density, saturated vapor density and vapor pressure of pure components are 1.4%, 1.19% and 2.11%, respectively. Some thermodynamic properties of substances have also been predicted in this work.     

A crossover cubic equation of state near to and far from the critical region

In this research, we use the Patel–Teja (PT) cubic equation of state [N.C. Patel, A.S. Teja, Chem. Eng. Sci. 37 (1982) 463–473.] and develop a crossover cubic model near to and far from the critical region, which incorporates the scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and it transformed into original classical cubic equations of state far away from the critical point. This equation of state is used to calculate thermodynamic properties of pure systems (carbon dioxide, normal alkanes from methane to heptane). We show that, over a wide range of states, the equation of state yields the saturated vapour pressure data and the saturated density data with a much better accuracy than the original PT equation of state.     

A new two-parameter cubic equation of state for predicting phase behavior of pure compounds and mixtures

In this work, a new two-parameter cubic equation of state is presented based on perturbation theory for predicting phase behavior of pure compounds and of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons. The parameters of the new cubic equation of state are obtained as functions of reduced temperature and acentric factor. The average deviations of the predicted vapor pressure, liquid density and vapor volume for 40 pure compounds are 1.116, 5.696 and 3.083%, respectively. Also the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization are calculated by using the new equation of state. The average deviations of the predicted enthalpy and entropy of vaporization are 2.393 and 2.358%, respectively. The capability of the proposed equation of state for predicting some other thermodynamic properties such as compressibility, second virial coefficient, sound velocity in gases and heat capacity of gases are given, too. The comparisons between the experimental data and the results of the new equation of state show the accuracy of the proposed equation with respect to commonly used equations of state, i.e. PR and SRK. The zeno line has been calculated using the new equation of state and the obtained result compared with quantities in the literatures. Bubble pressure and mole fraction of vapor for 16 binary mixtures are calculated. Averages deviations for bubble pressure and mole fraction of vapor are 9.380 and 2.735%, respectively.     

Density improvement of the SRK equation of state

The SRK equation of state has been modified by volume translation in order to improve its accuracy both in- and outside the critical region. A temperature dependent volume correction is proposed which can match the true critical point of the pure component, and provides accurate densities for polar and non-polar pure substances both near to and far from the critical point. It can also be easily extended to mixtures, and the calculation results show that it can shift the critical locus towards experimental values and gives good results for the liquid densities of mixtures.     

A new three-parameter cubic equation of state for calculation physical properties and vapor–liquid equilibria

A new three-parameter cubic equation of state is presented by combination of a modified attractive term and van der Waals repulsive expression. Also a new alpha function for the attractive parameter of the new EOS is proposed. The new coefficients of alpha function and the other parameters of the attractive term are adjusted using the data of the saturated vapor pressure and liquid density of almost 60 pure compounds including heavy hydrocarbons. The new EOS is adopted for prediction of the various thermophysical properties of pure compounds such as saturated and supercritical volume, enthalpy of vaporization, compressibility factor, heat capacity and sound velocity. Following successful application of the new EOS for the pure components, using vdW one-fluid mixing rules, the new EOSs are applied to prediction of the bubble pressure and vapor mole fraction of the several binary and ternary mixtures. The accuracy of the new EOS for phase equilibrium calculation is demonstrated by comparison of the results of the present EOSs with the PT, PR, GPR and SRK cubic EOSs.     

Prediction of thermodynamic behavior of binary mixtures by applying the crossover approach to Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state

Thermodynamic analysis of binary mixtures near the critical region is essential for many chemical process designs. In this research, based on isomorphism principle and incorporating general crossover approach the original Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) equation of state (EOS) was developed for the binary mixtures. We have introduced an additional term in the crossover function in order to take into account the difference between the classical critical parameters and the real critical parameters. The applicability of this crossover EOS was verified against methane–ethane mixture to describe their thermodynamic properties over a wide range of thermodynamic states, because of their wide applications. It is shown that based on this approach we can received too much more accuracy for predicting thermodynamic properties in comparison with classical form of SRK EOS.     

Crossover Peng-Robinson equation of state with introduction of a new expression for the crossover function

In this research, we use the original Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) for pure fluids and develop a crossover cubic equation of state which incorporates the scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and it is transformed into the original cubic equation of state far away from the critical point. The modified EOS is transformed to ideal gas EOS in the limit of zero density. A new formulation for the crossover function is introduced in this work. The new crossover function ensures more accurate change from the singular behavior of fluids inside the regular classical behavior outside the critical region. The crossover PR (CPR) EOS is applied to describe thermodynamic properties of pure fluids (normal alkanes from methane to n-hexane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and R125). It is shown that over wide ranges of state, the CPR EOS yields the thermodynamic properties of fluids with much more accuracy than the original PR EOS. The CPR EOS is then used for mixtures by introducing mixing rules for the pure component parameters. Higher accuracy is observed in comparison with the classical PR EOS in the mixture critical region.