介孔锆柱撑钛酸盐材料的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用单分子层剥离-重堆积技术将聚合羟基锆离子嵌入到钛酸盐板层间,制得层间距为1.92~2.01nm的介孔钛酸盐柱撑复合材料。X-射线衍射（XRD）、热重-示差扫描热分析（TG-DSC）、扫描/透射电镜（SEM/HR-TEM）和N₂吸附等手段对材料物化性质进行了分析。结果表明,客体锆离子主要以[Zr₄（OH）_16-n（H₂O）_8+n]n⁺（记为Zr₄）的形式存在于主体层间域中,且柱撑体系中n_Zr/n_Ti比越小,越有利于获得层间距和比表面积较大的柱撑材料。紫外光降解亚甲基蓝实验表明,柱撑材料对亚甲基蓝降解率为钛酸盐主体的3.5倍,这与柱撑形成的介孔结构以及主客体间的电子耦合有关;350℃热处理后材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率进一步提高,说明主客体间形成了更有效的欧姆接触。     

铁掺杂羟基锆柱撑钛酸盐的制备及光催化性能

采用单分子层剥离-重堆积技术将掺铁的聚合羟基锆离子嵌入到钛酸盐层间, 制得了铁掺杂羟基锆柱撑钛酸盐复合材料(FZPT), 考察了Fe掺杂对Zr柱撑钛酸盐复合材料(ZPT)形成及光催化活性的影响. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis DRS)和吸附分析仪等对材料进行了表征. 结果表明, 当铁的掺入量小于锆质量的10%时, 复合柱撑材料FZPT的孔径和比表面积随着Fe掺入量的增加而增大, 继续增加则结果相反. 紫外-可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)实验结果表明, FZPT催化活性均高于ZPT, 可能与掺杂后材料形成介孔结构与比表面积增大有关. 样品FZPT-0.20的可见光催化活性相对较好, 表明材料的光催化活性与掺杂后柱撑材料中含铁客体与主体间的电子耦合作用有关.     

羟基铁柱撑蒙脱土-δ-MnO_2复合体Fenton催化降解亚甲基蓝

制备了一系列羟基铁柱撑蒙脱土-δ-MnO2复合材料,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积(SBET)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究其结构特征。结果显示:钙基蒙脱土的层间距为1.47 nm,经过柱撑之后,羟基铁撑蒙脱土的层间距增大到1.51 nm,羟基铁柱撑蒙脱土-δ-MnO2复合体为1.55 nm左右,并且比表面积较原土也有明显的增大。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了其作为异相催化剂的催化性能,考察了溶液H2O2加入量、δ-MnO2含量及p H值等对亚甲基蓝降解性能的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,催化剂的催化活性随H2O2浓度的增加而升高,当nFe/nMn=0.241时,催化活性最好,且有较大的p H适用范围。亚甲基蓝的异相催化降解过程符合准一级动力学方程。催化剂循环使用3次,仍然具有良好的活性。     

基于等离子体型Ag@AgBr插层K4Nb6O17的可控合成及光催化性能

在微波辅助条件下采用离子交换和光致还原的方法将Ag@AgBr纳米粒子插层进入K4Nb6O17层间,制备了具有等离子体共振效应的可见光催化剂(记作K4Nb6O17/Ag@AgBr).在胺交换过程中采用不同链长的有机胺对酸交换产物进行柱撑,通过铌酸钾层间距的变化实现层间Ag@AgBr纳米粒子的形貌调控.利用XRD,SEM,EDX,UV-Vis等手段对复合催化剂进行结构、形貌和性质分析,并对复合光催化剂进行了可见光降解亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和苯酚的性能研究.结果表明:改性后的复合光催化剂在可见光区的响应大大增强;3种复合光催化剂对目标污染物均具有良好的可见光催化活性,其中十二胺柱撑的Ag@AgBr插层K4Nb6O17复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的移除效果最好.     

羟基铬柱撑二硫化钼的制备及其对苯加氢反应的催化活性

 采用单分子层技术将羟基铬聚合离子[Cr4(OH)6(H2O)10]6+嵌入到二硫化钼板层间,得到层间距为1.319～1.341 nm的柱撑复合材料. X射线粉末衍射表明,羟基铬聚合物溶液经70 ℃恒温下陈化4 d即可作为稳定的柱撑液使用; 在柱撑反应体系中,较小的n(Cr)/n(Mo)比和较低的Cr3+浓度有利于获得结晶度较好的柱撑材料. 与原料2H-MoS2相比,柱撑材料的层间距增大,晶粒变小,比表面积增加并且热稳定性提高. 对催化苯饱和加氢反应表明,柱撑材料Cr-MoS2的催化活性明显优于未柱撑的2H-MoS2和Raney Ni催化剂,且结晶度较好的柱撑材料更具有较高的催化活性和较好的可重复性.     

改性介孔TiO_2对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

以四氯化钛为钛源采用溶胶凝胶法制备了介孔TiO_2材料,并对所制备的材料采用不同浓度的酸碱溶液进行了水热处理。通过SEM、XRD、N_2/吸附-脱附等检测手段对样品进行了表征。以氙灯(500 W)为光源,亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明:6 mol/L NaOH水热处理后的介孔TiO2对亚甲基蓝的吸附及光催化降解效果都有很大提高,且pH变化对光催化降解影响不大。     

氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐的制备和表征

本文报道通过先用正己胺盐酸盐水溶液与K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀发生离子交换得到正己铵离子柱撑的层状镧钛酸盐，然后再与氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷的正八面体多聚体作用，最后将层间的有机物焙烧分解掉后可得新型氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差热--热重分析(TG/DTA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和比表面测定等方法对该新材料进行了表征。结果表明，所得氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐具有很高的热稳定性(>800℃)     

TiO2-HNbMoO6复合材料的结构特征及其光催化性能

通过插层-柱撑的方法制备了新型的复合材料TiO₂-HNbMoO₆。采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等技术对样品的相结构和它的微结构、骨架特征及光谱响应特性以及分散相粒子与片层间的相互作用进行表征,利用N₂吸附-脱附法对样品的比表面积进行了表征,并通过模拟太阳光降解有机染料亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液考察复合材料的光催化活性。结果表明, HNbMoO₆与TiO₂复合后样品层间距增大,但无TiO₂晶相生成,主体材料中的Nb―O键和客体材料中的Ti―O键复合前后发生明显变化等,证明了TiO₂在HNbMoO₆层间高度分散,并呈现明显的相互作用。复合后样品比表面积是本体材料的4倍有余,禁带宽度变窄,它在吸附和模拟太阳光照射下催化降解MB中的优越的活性都是主客体间明显的协同效应的结果。     

高比表面Al2O3柱撑纳米钛酸盐的制备

0引言近年来,柱撑法由于可以调节孔道结构和产物性能而被广泛用于制备高比表面的多孔催化剂及催化剂载体材料[1~3]。柱撑是指在无机层状主体化合物中引入客体聚合物阳离子,经热处理而形成二维多孔材料的过程[4]。以柱撑法在层状钛酸盐层间引入Keggin离子([Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]     

不同溶剂对TiO2/SiO2结构及光催化性能的影响

分别采用去离子水、3%尿素水溶液和3%糠醇-乙醇溶液作为溶剂,通过溶胶凝胶及溶剂热过程制备了TiO_2/SiO_2复合材料。对不同溶剂条件下得到的TiO_2/SiO_2进行X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附和比表面积分析测试。结果表明:用去离子水作为水热溶剂制备的TiO_2/SiO_2材料为孔径分布较窄的介孔材料,其材料是由锐钛矿相TiO_2组成,颗粒表面粗糙,疏松多孔,比表面积最大,该材料在实验条件下可降解约90%的亚甲基蓝,且光降解亚甲基蓝的速率常数最大为0.04708 min~(-1)。光催化过程产生的·OH是降解亚甲基蓝最主要的活性物种。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.