金纳米棒组装体表面等离子体共振耦合效应的FDTD模拟

贵金属纳米结构的光学性质与其尺寸、形貌、介质环境等因素的相关性是基础研究领域的重要内容.本文利用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,计算了不同构型二聚体和多聚体的表面等离子体共振(SPR)特性.研究了金纳米棒结构和组装方式对SPR耦合效应的影响,模拟结果与实验规律比较吻合.金纳米棒二聚体的光吸收结果表明:对于肩并肩(S-S)的组装体,随着间隙的减小,金纳米棒的横向SPR(SPRT)峰有较小的红移,而纵向SPR(SPRL)峰显著蓝移.对于端对端(E-E)的组装体,随着组装体间隙的减小,金纳米棒的SPRT峰无明显移动,而SPRL峰显著红移,并在近红外较长波段范围内出现新的共振峰,其强度随着间隙的减小而增强;结合弹簧振子模型和纳米颗粒在外电场作用下的极化,对组装体共振吸收峰的移动和新的耦合共振峰的出现提出了初步的解释.     

含两个酰胺基团的卟啉二聚体分子间氢键引起的发光光谱红移

通过5-（4-甲酸基苯基）-10,15,20-三（4-十二烷氧基苯基）卟啉（HAcTPP）与乙二胺,丙二胺和丁二胺反应,制备了一类含2个酰胺基团的卟啉二聚体C₂（AmTPP）₂、C₃（AmTPP）₂和C₄（AmTPP）₂以及相应的配合物Pt2C₂（AmTPP）₂、Pt2C₃（AmTPP）₂和Pt2C₄（AmTPP）₂。采用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、质谱、元素分析、循环伏安、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱等对二聚体的化学结构、热稳定性、电化学和光物理性质进行了表征。实验发现,二聚体和相应的铂配合物的光致发光（PL）光谱性质与溶液的浓度有关,在10^-7 mol·L^-1 THF稀溶液中,二聚体与单羧基卟啉的PL光谱基本一致。当浓度增加到10^-3 mol·L^-1 THF溶液时,二聚体的光致发光光谱最大值从657 nm红移到675 nm,比单羧基卟啉红移了18 nm。当与金属铂配位后,这种发射光谱随浓度增加而变化的特性更加明显。二聚体配合物在10^-7 mol·L^-1 THF稀溶液中PL光谱就产生了红移现象,最大发射峰λ_max为673 nm,比单羧基卟啉红移16 nm。在高浓度10^-4 mol·L^-1 THF溶液和升华薄膜中的PL最大发射峰进一步红移到727 nm的近红外区。进一步,为了证实二聚体配合物分子间的π-π和Pt-Pt相互作用,我们以配合物Pt2C₃（AmTPP）₂为例,对二聚体配合物固体在常温和低温77 K的PL光谱进行了测试,发现固体配合物表现出与温度相关的PL性质。当温度降到77 K时,配合物的最大发射峰从658 nm红移到674 nm,红移了16 nm。实验表明,卟啉二聚体和相应的配合物的红移现象与二聚体的分子结构直接相关,卟啉二聚体中的两个酰胺基团能够产生较强的分子间氢键,导致二聚体分子之间产生一定程度的π-π和Pt-Pt相互作用,使得二聚体PL光谱产生红移。     

核酸适体修饰纳米金共振散射光谱探针快速检测痕量Pb2＋

以柠檬酸三钠做稳定剂, 用硼氢化钠还原氯金酸制备了粒径为5 nm的纳米金. 用铅离子核酸适体aptamer保护纳米金获得了检测铅离子的适体纳米金(aptamer-NG)共振散射光谱探针. 在pH 7.0的Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄缓冲溶液中及30 mmol•L^－1 NaCl存在下, aptamer-NG稳定而不聚集. Pb^2＋可与该探针中的aptamer形成非常稳定的G-四分体结构, 并释放出纳米金. 在NaCl作用下纳米金聚集形成较大的微粒, 导致552 nm处共振散射峰强度增大. Pb^2＋浓度在0.07～42 nmol•L^－1范围内与552 nm处共振散射强度增大值ΔI成线性关系, 其回归方程为ΔI＝12.0c＋9.2, 线性相关系数为0.9965, 方法检出限为0.03 nmol•L^－1 Pb^2＋. 该方法用于水样中铅离子检测, 结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法结果一致.     

Au和SiO2多壳结构的制备和表征

利用自组装技术和胶体还原化学, 制备出金纳米壳Au@SiO₂以及SiO₂包裹的金纳米壳SiO₂@Au@SiO₂; 去除SiO₂@Au@SiO₂颗粒中的金壳层, 获得含有可移动SiO₂核的空心壳H-SiO₂@M-SiO₂. 结果显示: SiO₂@Au@SiO₂复合颗粒表面光滑, 并保留了金壳的近红外吸收特性; 通过改变复合颗粒外层SiO₂厚度, 可以调节其等离激元共振峰的位置; 王水可以有效地去除SiO₂@Au@SiO₂中的金壳, 相应的等离激元共振峰消失.     

Au和SiO2多壳结构的制备和表征

利用自组装技术和胶体还原化学, 制备出金纳米壳Au@SiO₂以及SiO₂包裹的金纳米壳SiO₂@Au@SiO₂; 去除SiO₂@Au@SiO₂颗粒中的金壳层, 获得含有可移动SiO₂核的空心壳H-SiO₂@M-SiO₂. 结果显示: SiO₂@Au@SiO₂复合颗粒表面光滑, 并保留了金壳的近红外吸收特性; 通过改变复合颗粒外层SiO₂厚度, 可以调节其等离激元共振峰的位置; 王水可以有效地去除SiO₂@Au@SiO₂中的金壳, 相应的等离激元共振峰消失.     

多层多孔Co3O4纳米粒子组装体的合成、表征和电化学性能研究

利用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,合成了形貌化的CoC₂O₄配合物前驱物,然后在500 ℃下热分解形貌化的前驱物,得到了多层多孔Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体。采用FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、XRD、N₂吸附脱附和Raman散射等手段对产物进行了分析和表征。低角XRD,TEM和N₂吸附脱附测试表明所得组装体具有多孔结构。常规XRD、HRTEM和Raman结果证明组装体中Co₃O₄纳米粒子建筑块结晶较好。与体相Co₃O₄晶体相比,Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体的5个拉曼活性峰发生了明显的红移。将Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体作为锂离子电池的正极材料进行了电化学性能测试,结果表明该组装体电极的首次放电容量为1 115 mAh·g^-1,远高于目前文献报道的Co₃O₄纳米管、纳米粒子和纳米棒电极。但是,该组装体电极的循环性能不好,有待进一步提高。     

SERS标记的金纳米棒探针用于免疫检测

报道了基于金纳米棒表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的免疫检测. 将拉曼活性分子对巯基苯甲酸吸附于金纳米棒表面, 制备出SERS标记的金纳米棒探针. 该探针和蛋白抗体结合形成SERS标记抗体. 通过SERS标记抗体、待测抗原和俘获抗体(固体基底上修饰的抗体, 即俘获抗体)之间的免疫应答反应, 将金纳米棒探针组装到固体基底上, 形成SERS标记抗体-抗原-俘获抗体 “三明治”夹心复合体. 待测抗原浓度越大, 固体基底上俘获的金纳米棒探针的数目越多, 从而可通过SERS信号的强弱来检测待测抗原的浓度. 由于金纳米棒的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰位置可以在较宽的范围内调控, 可通过激发光和SPR的耦合来提高SERS信号, 从而提高免疫检测的灵敏度. 单组分抗原可检出的浓度范围高于1×10－8 mg/mL.     

贵金属纳米颗粒复合薄膜光学特性理论研究

采用经典Mie理论模拟计算了Ag、Au和Cu系纳米颗粒复合薄膜的吸收光谱。所有复合薄膜的吸收光谱均在可见光范围内出现表面等离子共振(surfaceplasmonresonance,SPR)吸收峰。Ag、Au和Cu系复合薄膜的SPR吸收峰峰位和峰强与金属介电常数实部(ε_m1)和虚部(ε_m2)及介质折射率(refractiveindex,n_s)之间存在强相关性,相比于ε_m1和ε_m2,n_s的增大主导SPR吸收峰向长波方向移动且强度增强。通过改变金属和介质种类可以调节Ag、Au和Cu系复合薄膜的SPR吸收峰峰位和峰强,从而调节其光吸收特性。根据n_s可以推测出金属纳米颗粒复合薄膜在可见光范围内的SPR吸收峰峰位。理论模拟吸收光谱与前人实验结果吻合,SPR吸收峰峰位的理论值与文献实验值接近。     

Zn2GeO4纳米棒的制备及发光性质

采用水热合成法制备了纯菱形相的Zn₂GeO₄纳米棒,研究了水热制备前驱体溶液的pH值对材料尺寸及形貌的影响以及Zn₂GeO₄纳米棒的光学性质。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,随着前驱体溶液pH值的变化样品逐渐由微米级块状结构生长成为纳米颗粒,并且进一步形成纳米棒结构。纳米棒的尺寸由长200 nm变化到500 nm。室温光致发光（PL）光谱中观察到位于450和530 nm两个不同的发光峰,其分别源于Zn₂GeO₄的不同缺陷能级。     

自旋转换-氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及磁性

利用氧化石墨烯（GO）表面具有丰富含氧基团的特点,采用原位生长法将经典的亚铁三氮唑自旋转换（SCO）配位聚合物[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）负载到二维材料GO的表面。利用X射线粉末衍射（PXRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、SEM、TEM、拉曼等手段对自旋转换-氧化石墨烯（SCO-GO）纳米复合材料进行了表征。通过光谱表征发现,复合材料的FTIR和PXRD特征峰为GO和[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）特征峰的叠加,初步证明了自旋转换-氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料已成功制备。SEM和TEM分析直观地显示立方体状的[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）纳米颗粒均匀地分散在氧化石墨烯表面,且随着原位生长时间的增加,GO表面的[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）的负载量增加、尺寸增大。拉曼图谱表明[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）负载到GO表面后,氧化石墨烯特征拉曼峰的强度比（ID/IG）增大,说明氧化石墨烯的缺陷密集程度增大,[Fe（Htrz）₂（trz）]（BF₄）纳米颗粒与石墨烯之间的作用力增强。磁性测试表明不同自组装时间（1、6、12 h）的SCO-GO复合材料的T_1/2↑分别为381.1、381.5和382.4 K,T_1/2↓分别为345.9、345.0和344.8 K,其磁滞回线宽度分别为35.2、36.5和37.6 K,这是由于不同自组装时间的SCO-GO复合材料中[Fe（Htrz）2（trz）]（BF4）的负载量和尺寸的差异导致的。DSC分析结果和磁性结果一致,证实了SCO-GO复合材料自旋转变温度向高温区移动。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of 2-Propanol and Phenol Using Au Loaded MnWO4 Nanorod Under Visible Light Irradiation

Single crystalline MnWO₄ nanorod has been prepared by low temperature hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C. The prepared MnWO₄ possesses band gap of 2.63 eV. Photochemical decomposition method has been followed to disperse Au nanoparticles onto MnWO₄ nanorod. The prepared Au loaded MnWO₄ nanorod demonstrated greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol and evolving CO₂ in gas phase and phenol in aqueous phase compared to bare MnWO₄ and commercial TiO₂ nanoparticles (Degussa P25) under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation. The Au loading was optimized to 3.79 wt% for the highest efficiency. The enhanced photocatalytic activity originates from the absorption of visible light by MnWO₄ as well as the introduction of nanoparticulate Au on the surface of MnWO₄ as cocatalyst to impede the recombination of photogenerated charge-carriers.     

Synthesis of hybrid CdS-Au colloidal nanostructures

We explore the growth mechanism of gold nanocrystals onto preformed cadmium sulfide nanorods to form hybrid metal nanocrystal/semiconductor nanorod colloids. By manipulating the growth conditions, it is possible to obtain nanostructures exhibiting Au nanocrystal growth at only one nanorod tip, at both tips, or at multiple locations along the nanorod surface. Under anaerobic conditions, Au growth occurs only at one tip of the nanorods, producing asymmetric structures. In contrast, the presence of oxygen and trace amounts of water during the reaction promotes etching of the nanorod surface, providing additional sites for metal deposition. Three growth stages are observed when Au growth is performed under air: (1) Au nanocrystal formation at both nanorod tips, (2) growth onto defect sites on the nanorod surface, and finally (3) a ripening process in which one nanocrystal tip grows at the expense of the other particles present on the nanorod. Analysis of the hybrid nanostructures by high-resolution TEM shows that there is no preferred orientation between the Au nanocrystal and the CdS nanorod, indicating that growth is nonepitaxial. The optical signatures of the nanocrystals and the nanorods (i.e., the surface plasmon and first exciton transition peaks, respectively) are spectrally distinct, allowing the different stages of the growth process to be easily monitored. The initial CdS nanorods exhibit band gap and trap state emission, both of which are quenched during Au growth.     

氧化铈形貌对Au/CeO2催化剂催化氧化CO反应活性的影响

采用水热合成法制备了形貌规则的纳米氧化铈颗粒,分别为棒状、立方体和多面体,通过溶胶沉积法将金颗粒沉积到不同形貌氧化铈表面制得了Au/CeO2催化剂.考察了催化剂载体的不同形貌对CO催化氧化反应活性的影响.实验结果表明,棒状(110 100)和多面体(111 100)氧化铈作为载体时的催化剂活性比立方体(100)作为载体时的活性高.在低温段,多面体氧化铈作为载体的催化剂表现出较高活性,而在高温范围,棒状氧化铈作为载体的催化剂的催化活性最好.     

SPR effect of Au nanoparticles on the visible photocatalytic RhB degradation and NO oxidation over TiO2 hollow nanoboxes

Three-dimensional (3D) TiO₂ hollow structures have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. However, the large bandgap of (3.2 eV) results in the fact that anatase TiO₂ photocatalyst can only be excited by UV light, which only accounts for 3–5% of the solar energy. On considering that nobel metallatic nanomaterials can harvest visible light due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, in this paper, three kinds of Au nanoparticles with different morphologies, namely Au nanospheres (Au-NSs), Au nanorods (Au-NRs) and Au nanopentogons (Au-NPs) were prepared and used as photosensitizers to modified TiO₂ hollow nanoboxes (TiO₂-HNBs), aiming to explore high efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. The photoreacitivty of Au/TiO₂-HNBs was evaluated by photoctalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and NO under visible irradiation (λ > 420 nm). It was found that the visible photoreactivity of TiO₂-HNBs was greatly enhanced after modified with Au nanoparticles, and TiO₂-HNBs loaded with Au-NRs exhibit the highest visible photocatalytic activity towards both RhB degradation and NO oxidation. Upon visible irradiation, SPR effect induces the production of hot electrons from the Au nanoparticles, which can further transfer to the conduction band of TiO₂-HNBs to produce superoxide radicals (O₂⁻), resulting in an efficient separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The photoreactivity of Au-NRs/TiO₂-HNBs towards RhB degradation almost keeps unchanged even after recycling used for 5 times, indicating that it is promising to be use in practical applications.     

Probing the Catalytic Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Au Nanoparticles Triggered by Visible Light

Hybrid materials in which reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is decorated with Au nanoparticles (rGO–Au NPs) were obtained by the in situ reduction of GO and AuCl₄^?_(aq) by ascorbic acid. On laser excitation, rGO could be oxidized as a result of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation in the Au NPs, which generates activated O₂ through the transfer of SPR‐excited hot electrons to O₂ molecules adsorbed from air. The SPR‐mediated catalytic oxidation of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) to p,p′‐dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) was then employed as a model reaction to probe the effect of rGO as a support for Au NPs on their SPR‐mediated catalytic activities. The increased conversion of PATP to DMAB relative to individual Au NPs indicated that charge‐transfer processes from rGO to Au took place and contributed to improved SPR‐mediated activity. Since the transfer of electrons from Au to adsorbed O₂ molecules is the crucial step for PATP oxidation, in addition to the SPR‐excited hot electrons of Au NPs, the transfer of electrons from rGO to Au contributed to increasing the electron density of Au above the Fermi level and thus the Au‐to‐O₂ charge‐transfer process.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Field Enhancement Behavior of ZnO Nanorods Pattern

We provide a new way to prepare ZnO nanorods pattern from the solution composed of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and Zn(NO₃)₂. The substrate is ITO substrate covered by well ordered Au islands. Since Au and the underneath ITO substrate have two different nucleation rates in the initial stage of heterogeneous nucleation process, the subsequent ZnO growth on the quick nucleating area takes place under diffusion control and is able to confine the synthesis of ZnO nanorods to specific locations. The concentrations of zinc nitrate and HMT are well adjusted to show the possibility of the new route for the patterning of the ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, the nanorods pattern was characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence and the performance of field emission property from ZnO nanorod patterns was investigated. The ZnO nanorods pattern with a good alignment also shows a good field enhancement behavior with a high value of the field enhancement factor.     

AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles film fabricated based on H2O2-mediated silver reduction and its application

A method to fabricate AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles film by H₂O₂-mediated reduction of silver was reported. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were first adsorbed onto the surface of a self-assembled 2-aminoethanethiol monolayer-modified gold film or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer-modified quartz slide. Upon further treatment of this modified film with the solution containing silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and H₂O₂, silver was deposited on the surface of Au NPs. The size of the AuAg bimetallic particles could be readily tuned by manipulating the concentration of H₂O₂. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to investigate the process, the deposition of silver on Au NPs modified gold film resulted in an obvious decrease of depth in the SPR reflectance intensity and minimum angle curves (SPR R-θ curves), which may be utilized for the quantitative SPR detection of the analyte, H₂O₂. Combination of the biocatalytic reaction that could yield H₂O₂ by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase, with the deposition of silver may enable the design of a glucose biosensor by SPR technique. Furthermore, we evaluated the AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles film for their ability to be an effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).     

氧化锌纳米棒微结构光电极的制备

通过两步法,即首先热分解醋酸锌制备氧化锌晶种层,在晶种的诱导下,再采用低温水热法在氟掺杂的SnO₂导电玻璃(fluorine-doped tin oxide, FTO)基底导电面上成功制备出高取向性的氧化锌纳米棒阵列光电极。系统研究了前驱液浓度、溶液pH值、反应时间等实验条件对光电极微结构的影响。实验结果表明在一定变化范围内,随着前驱液浓度和溶液pH值的增大,纳米棒的直径增大;随着反应时间的延长,纳米棒的长度增长。将氧化锌纳米棒阵列薄膜制作成染料敏化太阳电池(dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC)的光电极,并对电池的I-V特性进行了表征。     

A Au nanoparticle and polydopamine co-modified biosensor: A strategy for in situ and label-free surface plasmon resonance immunoassays

This article reports a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) strategy capable of label-free yet amplified in situ immunoassays for sensitive and specific detection of human IgG (hIgG), a serum marker that is important for the diagnosis of certain diseases. Primarily, a wavelength-modulated Kretschman configuration SPR analyzer was constructed, and Au film SPR biosensor chips were fabricated. Specifically, based on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbed on the surface of the Au film, the AuNP/Au film was coated with polydopamine (PDA) to fix streptavidin (SA), and then the biotinylated antibodies were connected to the surface of the biosensor chip. The SPR analyzer was utilized for in situ real-time monitoring of hIgG. Due to the immunological recognition between the receptor and target, the surface plasmon waves produced by the attenuated total reflection were affected by the changes in the surface of the biosensor chip. The resonance wavelength (λ_R) of the output spectra gradually redshifted, and the redshift degrees were directly related to the target concentration. The biosensor can realize the in situ detection of hIgG, displaying satisfactory sensitivity, excellent specificity and stability. Briefly, by monitoring the shift in λ_R after specific binding, a new SPR immunoassay can be customized for label-free, in situ and amplified hIgG detection. The operating principle of this research could be extended as a common protocol for many other targets of interest.