A novel Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/Diels-Alder tandem reaction of propargylic acrylates with acyclic dienophiles

A novel DABCO-catalyzed Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/Diels-Alder tandem reaction of propargylic acrylates 3 with dienophiles 4 was developed in the presence of an excess TMSCl and DBU with 1% hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor in acetonitrile at refluxing temperature under air.This protocol gave cyclicα,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids 5 with complete regioselectivity.     

Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of ynamides: stereocontrolled synthesis of 2-amidodienes

The Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of propargyl ynamido ester substrates is reported. The expected allenamide carboxylic acid products from [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement are not isolated, with 2-amidodienes alternatively formed in good yield with high levels of stereocontrol after decarboxylation.     

An approach toward the total synthesis of subergorgic acid

Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of a substituted alkenyl cyclopentanecarboxylate provided a monocyclic isomer containing the proper stereochemistry for four of the five stereogenic centers in subergorgic acid. Efforts to construct the additional rings in the molecule were thwarted as a result of steric and other factors. The results provide insights regarding the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement in five-membered ring systems. The formation of spiro-compounds from sterically and stereoelectronically demanding systems as reported herein has the potential to serve as a general strategy for the synthesis of such sub-units in both natural and unnatural products.     

Lewis acids catalysed Fries rearrangement of isopropylcresol esters

Summary In the course of the Fries rearrangement, aluminium chloride frequently induces migration or elimination of alkyl groups. The results obtained with titanium tetrachloride for the synthesis of vicinalo-hydroxyketones are compared with those obtained with aluminium chloride for some aliphatic and aromatic esters of isopropylcresols. In order to understand the migration and elimination processes occurring, the stabilities of theo-hydroxyketones are studied in the presence of aluminium chloride at different temperatures. Furthermore, all-vicinalo-hydroxyketones were prepared by the Fries rearrangement of 6-tert-butyl-p-thymol with titanium tetrachloride.

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Lewis-Säure-katalysierte Fries-Umlagerung von Isopropylkresolestern

Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf der Fries-Umlagerung induziert Aluminiumchlorid des öfteren eine Wanderung oder Eliminierung von Alkylgruppen. Die Resultate mit Titantetrachlorid bei der Synthese von vicinaleno-Hydroxyketonen werden mit denen mit Aluminiumchlorid für einige aliphatische und aromatische Ester des Isopropylkresols verglichen. Um zu einem Verständnis der auftretenden Wanderungs-und Eliminierungsprozesse zu gelangen, wurden die Stabilitäten vono-Hydroxyketonen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen in der Gegenwart von Aluminiumchlorid untersucht. Außerdem wurden all-vicinaleo-Hydroxyketone mittels Fries-Umlagerung von 6-tert-Butyl-p-thymol mit Titantetrachlorid hergestellt.

     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles by photo rearrangement of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines with high diastereoselectivity

The Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines were found to be transforming to the 2,3-dihydropyrroles by photo rearrangement with air under irradiation of LED light (410 nm) with high diastereoselectivity (dr > 20:1). This reaction includes tandem photo oxidation/rearrangement. The 2,3-dihydropyrroles were obtained in moderate yields with successfully one-pot process starting from aldehydes, ammonium acetate and ethyl acetoacetate.     

Facile synthesis of methylthiomethyl esters through Pummerer-type rearrangement of carboxylic acids and DMSO under metal-free conditions

A green and cost-effective Pummerer-type rearrangement between readily accessible carboxylic acids and DMSO has been achieved under metal-free conditions in satisfactory to excellent yields. The transformation for the synthesis of valuable methylthiomethyl esters is shown to be a convenient strategy for various (hetero)aromatic acids, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and saturated alkyl carboxylic acids with good functional group tolerance.     

Photo-Fries rearrangement of 1-pyrenyl esters

Photo-Fries rearrangement reactions of 1-pyrenyl esters were investigated. Photoreaction of 1-pyrenyl benzoate in benzene generates 1-hydroxy-2-pyrenyl phenyl ketone along with 1-pyrenol. The exceptionally down field ¹H NMR chemical shift of OH proton in the photoproduct indicates the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Photorearrangements of analogs that have electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing group on the phenyl ring, and related heteroaromatic carboxylates also take place to form the corresponding ketones. However, photoreactions of 1-pyrenyl aliphatic carboxylate esters do not occur. The results of spectroscopic and theoretical studies suggest the mechanistic pathway for this process is initiated by homolytic CO bond cleavage in an aroyl group localized ¹(π?→?π¹) excited state of the 1-pyrenyl esters. The radical pair generated in this fashion then undergoes in-solvent-cage coupling to yield the 1-hydroxy-2-pyrenyl aryl ketone selectively.     

Reductive coupling of (azulen-1-yl)carbonyl compounds by low-valent titanium; pinacol/pinacolone rearrangement versus pinacol and alkene generation

The azulen-1-yl group strongly influences the course of the TiCl₄-Zn promoted McMurry coupling of 1-acetylazulene which afforded, along with the normal coupling products, pinacol 2dl and alkene 3, the pinacolone 4. The latter was likely formed via rearrangement of the pinacolate intermediate. An improved, microwave-assisted protocol was developed for this reaction that provided high yields of products in a short reaction time. The steric reaction route is consistent with the proposed mechanism.     

Effect of halogenation reagents on halocyclization and Overman rearrangement of allylic trichloroacetimidates

Electrophilic halogen can promote either halocyclization or Overman rearrangement of allylic trichloroacetimidates. We found that the chemoselectivity was dependent on the nature of the halogenation reagents for primary allylic trichloroacetimidates. A one-pot procedure was developed for the preparation of allylic trichloroacetamides directly from allylic alcohols at room temperature.     

Construction of vicinal quaternary carbon atoms by Ireland ester Claisen rearrangement: total synthesis of (±)-herbertenolide, (±)-herberteneacetal, (±)-herbertene-1,14-diol and (±)-herbertene-1,15-diol

Efficient total syntheses of the herbertane sesquiterpene title compounds have been accomplished employing an Ireland ester Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis reaction sequence based strategy for the construction of two stereogenic vicinal quaternary carbon atoms on a cyclopentane.     

Lewis acid mediated [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides

An investigation of the Lewis acid mediated [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides has been conducted by employing various bases and boron Lewis acids. Using BBr₃ together with the phosphazene base 6, various allylic amines could be rearranged in good yields with low to excellent diastereoselectivity.     

A direct conversion of carboxylic acids to methylthiomethyl esters using a microwave-assisted pummerer rearrangement with dimethylsulfoxide

A simple microwave-assisted method for the conversion of carboxylic acids to MTM esters is presented. This new process allows for rapid introduction of an MTM ester protecting group to a variety of carboxylic acids including alkyl, electron-rich aromatic, and long chain unsaturated carboxylic acids. The products isolated from this reaction are very pure after a simple extraction, which eliminates the need for further purification. The reaction has also been carried out on 1.50 g without deterioration of product yields or purity.     

Synthesis of the C21-C34 fragment of antascomicin B

The C21-C34 fragment of the potent FKBP12-binding macrolide antascomicin B was prepared using Ireland-Claisen and allylic diazene rearrangements to establish the C26/C27 and the C23 stereocenters, respectively. Directed hydrogenation installed the C29 β-configuration. The fragment possesses 7 of the 11 fixed stereocenters contained in the natural product.     

Ferrier rearrangement for the synthesis of PEG-bound 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosyl-amino acids

Amino acid 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosyls have been prepared by the Ferrier rearrangement of acetyl protected glucals and PEG-bound amino acids in the presence of a catalytic quantity of BF₃·Et₂O in CH₂Cl₂ at ambient temperature.     

Ferrocenylimidazoline palladacycles as efficient catalysts for the aza‐Claisen rearrangement reaction of allylic imidates

Chloride‐bridged palladacycle dimers 1 have been evaluated as catalysts for the aza‐Claisen rearrangement of allylic imidates 2 to the corresponding allyl amides 3 . Cyclopalladated complexes 1b–e bearing electron‐donating substituents on imidazoline ring were identified as being superior catalysts because excellent yields were obtained without using silver salts for activation. In addition, a correlation between substituents on the imidazoline ring and catalytic activity of palladacycles was established. The electron‐deficient ligands and good solubility of catalysts in the reaction solution increase the catalytic activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation of esters of cyclopentadienecarboxylic acids in the wolff rearrangement

Conclusions The thermolysis of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinonediazide in primary aliphatic alcohols as the medium leads to a contraction of the ring and the formation of the esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienecarboxylic acid.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1579–1580, July, 1971.     

Studies on the aza-Claisen rearrangement of 4,5-dihydroxylated allylic trichloroacetimidates: the stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S)- and (2S,3S)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acids

Two new synthetic approaches, involving substrate directed aza-Claisen rearrangements and aza-Claisen rearrangements mediated by chiral Pd(II) catalysts, have been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, a dihydroxylated α-amino acid from the edible mushroom, Lyophyllum ulmarium and its (2S,3S)-unnatural diastereomer.     

Concise stereoselective synthesis of cis-3-alkoxy-2-carbomethoxy medium-ring oxacycles from (R)-3-(3-butenyl)-4-propynoyloxazolidin-2-one

A concise process for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral cis-3-alkoxy-2-carbomethoxy medium-ring oxacycles from (R)-3-(3-butenyl)-4-propynoyloxazolidin-2-one (1) was developed. The process includes five major steps: (i) hetero-Michael reaction between an alcohol and 1, (ii) stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone, featuring stereochemical assistance of the neighboring oxazolidin-2-one group, (iii) esterification with an alkoxy acetic acid, (iv) chirality-transferring Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of the resulting 3-alkoxyallyl glycolate ester to provide a syn-2,3-dialkoxy carboxylate ester, and (v) relay ring-closing olefin metathesis to form a medium-ring ether along with the simultaneous removal of the oxazolidin-2-one moiety.