The effect of music participation on mathematical achievement and overall academic achievement of high school students

A study was conducted on high school students, comparing those with some music credits to those with none. No statistically significant difference was found in their mean math grade point averages (GPA) or their mean cumulative GPAs. Students were then separated into two groups based on the number of music credits. Students who had earned at least two music credits per grade level were placed into Group A. This category included ninth graders with two or more music credits, tenth graders with four or more music credits, eleventh graders with six or more music credits, and twelfth graders with eight or more music credits. The remaining students were placed into Group B. Group A students performed better than group B students. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Scatter plots indicated a slight upward trend in GPAs as the number of music credits increased. Lower GPAs were nonexistent as the music credits increased.     

“双积分”政策下考虑燃油车减排的汽车制造商价格博弈研究

考虑供给侧为双寡头车企组成的汽车卖场,以没有“双积分”政策约束作为参照条件,构建有“双积分”政策约束时燃油车是否减排的模型,分别对其进行Bertrand博弈求解分析,从定价视角探讨“双积分”政策对燃油车和新能源汽车发展的作用机制,并通过数值分析进一步直观验证“双积分”政策的作用效果。研究表明:每台新能源汽车积分值设置过大不利于促进燃油车减排水平的提高,且存在合理的新能源汽车积分值区间,可以实现“既鼓励先进,又制约落后”的双重目的。“双积分”政策对涉及燃油车生产的制造商不利,当每台新能源汽车积分值较小时,其获得的利润较无“双积分”政策约束时减小;对仅生产新能源汽车的制造商有利,其获得的利润总是较无“双积分”政策约束时增大。     

Business models for public emission reduction projects

This study investigates two business models for public emission reduction projects that promote low-carbon behavior, issue corresponding carbon credits, and facilitate the trade of carbon credits at the individual level. We construct two dynamic game-theoretical models to investigate the project owner's business model selection strategy, optimal operational decisions, and the effectiveness of the two business models in reducing carbon emissions.     

A frictionless economy with suboptimizing agents

The existence of short-term monetary equilibrium in a frictionless economy with suboptimal agents is proved for any (reasonable) given interest rate. Money is distinguished from monetary assets. Separability ideas (as defined in decision theory) are applied. Two financial markets are in operation: for bank contracts (deposits and credits) and for shares.     

Bivariate Bernoulli Weighted Sums and Distribution of Single-Period Tontine Benefits

This paper studies the distribution of particular weighted sums of Bernoulli random variables. The computing methods are applied to derive the probability distribution of the random amount of survivor credits to be shared among surviving participants in single-period tontine schemes. The effectiveness of this new arrangement can then be evaluated beyond the classical analysis based on crude approximations for the two first moments, only.     

On Extraneous Fixed-Points of the Basic Family of Iteration Functions

Let K denote either the reals or the complex numbers. Consider the root-finding problem for an analytic function f from K into itself via an iteration function F. An extraneous fixed-point of F is a fixed-point different than a root of f. We prove that all extraneous fixed-points of any member of an infinite family of iteration functions, called the Basic Family in Kalantari et al. (1997). are repulsive. This generalizes a result of Vrscay and Gilbert (1988) who prove the property only for the second member of the family which coincides with the well-known Halley's method. Our result implies that a convergent orbit corresponding to any specific member of the Basic Family will necessarily converge to a zero of f. The Basic Family is a fundamental family with several different representations. It has been rediscovered by several authors using various techniques. The earliest derivation of this family is from an analysis of Schröder (1870). But in fact the Basic Family and its multipoint versions are all derivable from a determinantal generalization of Taylor's theorem (Kalantari (1997)).     

On general balance laws with boundary

This paper is devoted to general balance laws (with a possibly non-local source term) with a non-characteristic boundary. Basic well posedness results are obtained. New uniqueness results for the solutions to conservation and/or balance laws with boundary are also provided.     

An EOQ model for deteriorating items under trade credits

In the classical inventory economic order quantity (or EOQ) model, it was assumed that the supplier is paid for the items immediately after the items are received. However, in practices, the supplier may simultaneously offer the customer: (1) a permissible delay in payments to attract new customers and increase sales, and (2) a cash discount to motivate faster payment and reduce credit expenses. In this paper, we provide the optimal policy for the customer to obtain its minimum cost when the supplier offers not only a permissible delay but also a cash discount. We first establish a proper model, and then characterize the optimal solution and provide an easy-to-use algorithm to find the optimal order quantity and replenishment time. Furthermore, we also compare the optimal order quantity under supplier credits to the classical economic order quantity. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Amalgamation property for the class of basic algebras and some of its natural subclasses

We study Basic algebra, the algebraic structure associated with basic propositional calculus, and some of its natural extensions. Among other things, we prove the amalgamation property for the class of Basic algebras, faithful Basic algebras and linear faithful Basic algebras. We also show that a faithful theory has the interpolation property if and only if its correspondence class of algebras has the amalgamation property.     

The forms of energy and their transformations : Plenary report of the 5-th All-Union Congress on theoretical and applied mechanics. Alma-Ata, May 27, 1981

The meaning of various model concepts, particularly those devised for space and time, or of chosen general reference systems of various kinds, of general or tetrad coordinate systems, and of universal and particular physical characteristic concepts having the property of covariance is expounded. Basic relations, such as force or scalar energy laws for purely mechanical phenomena or small individual volumes of matter and fields in physical processes of general form in the presence of internal and external interactions accompanied by transformation among themselves of various forms of energy, are noted.     

Uniform controllability via the limiting systems

The relations between uniform controllability of a time varying system and mere controllability of its limiting systems are studied. The necessary and the sufficient conditions that are developed enable one to apply the available controllability tests in order to establish or refute uniform controllability. Examples and applications are provided along with the analogous considerations for observability.The research was supported by The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities—Basic Research Foundation.     

Fourier Duality in Integral Geometry and Reconstruction from Ray Integrals

Analytic reconstruction of a function defined in an affine space from data of its integrals along lines or rays is in focus of the paper. Basic tools are the Fourier transform of homogeneous distributions and a self-duality equation in integral geometry. Three dimensional case is of special interest.     

Provably total functions of Basic Arithmetic

It is shown that all the provably total functions of Basic Arithmetic BA, a theory introduced by Ruitenburg based on Predicate Basic Calculus, are primitive recursive. Along the proof a new kind of primitive recursive realizability to which BA is sound, is introduced. This realizability is similar to Kleene's recursive realizability, except that recursive functions are restricted to primitive recursives.     

Two-dimensional problem of electromagnetoelasticity for multiply connected media

We propose a method for the solution of connected two-dimensional and plane problems of electromagnetoelasticity for multiply connected domains. Basic relations of two-dimensional and plane problems are obtained. Generalized complex potentials of electromagnetoelasticity are introduced and investigated. Boundary conditions for their determination and, using them, expressions of main characteristics of the electromagnetoelastic state (stresses, displacements, electromagnetic field intensity vectors, induction vectors, potentials of the electric and magnetic fields) are obtained. We present a solution of the problem for a plate with an elliptic hole or a crack.     

模糊集IF-THEN规则的蚁群空间聚类分析

将蚂蚁的拾起和放下对象的行为表示为模糊集.通过模糊集的IF-THEN规则计算蚂蚁执行任务的激励和反应阈值,得到蚂蚁拾起或放下项目的概率,对蚂蚁的行为做出决策,实现对空间数据的聚类.以矿山实际测量数据为空间数据源,采用基本的蚁群聚类算法和模糊蚁群空间聚类算法分别对其进行聚类.通过对这两种算法的实验结果进行分析比较,证明改进后的算法提高了聚类效果.     

Some Industrial Applications of Linear Programming

Three examples of the applications of linear programming are given, drawn from the manufacture of plywood, the distribution of grain, and industrial fermentation. In each of these widely different industries there is a problem which can be treated quite precisely by a linear programming model. The quantities evaluated are in the first case, the plywood product mix with the maximum return; in the second case, the routings and transit credits for shipping grain with the minimum freight costs; and in the third case, the production schedule for the fermentation process which yields the minimum labour cost. In most cases, the results obtained could be extended to evaluate other factors, and in all cases the formulation of the problem in linear programming form led to a greater understanding of the industry concerned.     

Differentiability of probability function

Basic results on differentiability of probability functions are reviewed and systematically presented. Strict mathematical statements are formulated, some basic theorems are informally proved and illustrated with examples. Probability function, from formal point of view, is an expectation of an indicator function or an integral over the domain depending upon the parameter. Gradient of probability function is represented in different forms (integral over the surface, volume, or sum of surface and volume integrals). These results can be used for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of stochastic models, reliability analysis, Probabilistic Risk Analysis, optimization of the stochastic systems, and other applications involving uncertainties in parameters.     

磁拱的运动学无力场

本文首先推导了完全导电流体内运动学磁拱无力场的基本方程，接着考虑了静态解和不定常相似性解．     

Summability results for operator matrices on topological vector spaces

Basic summability results are established for matrices of linear and some nonlinear mappings between topological vector spaces.