双烯类液体橡胶的研发进展

液体橡胶作为合成橡胶的重要种类,是室温下能流动的橡胶材料。本文介绍了液体橡胶的性能特点及分类,着重阐述了双烯类液体橡胶即液体聚丁二烯橡胶、液体丁腈橡胶、液体异戊橡胶、液体丁苯橡胶和液体氯丁橡胶的结构特征、性能特点及主要用途,并进一步探讨了它们的研发、生产和使用情况。液体橡胶便于实现生产连续化和自动化,且加工方便,顺应时代发展的"低碳"潮流。从产品种类、牌号,应用范围等方面对今后的发展提出了建议。     

Aggregation of CO2 and Organic Liquid Molecules at Near Critical and Supercritical Condition of CO2

In order to study the aggregation of CO₂ and organic liquid molecules in the binary systems of CO₂+ organic liquid at near critical and supercritical condition of CO₂, the radial distribution function of CO₂-organic liquid molecules and organic liquid–organic liquid molecules in the liquid phase of the CO₂+ organic liquid systems is calculated by molecular dynamic simulation in this work and compared with the results of our previous works. The results of the research show that the aggregates of CO₂–CO₂ molecules, CO₂-organic liquid molecules and organic liquid–organic liquid molecules are coexisted in the liquid phase of CO₂+ organic liquid system, respectively.     

近晶型聚硅氧烷侧链液晶的合成与表征

以烯丙基溴、对羟基苯甲酸、对氰基苯酚为主要原料合成了液晶基元对-烯丙氧基苯甲酸对-羟基苯氰酯,通过硅氢化加成反应将其接枝到聚甲基氢硅氧烷主链上,合成了一种新型的聚硅氧烷侧链液晶.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、氢核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜(POM)和X-射线衍射仪(XR...     

Dynamical force and imaging characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces

We devised a dangling cantilever optical lever setup with imaging that permits dynamical studies of superhydrophobic surfaces without the effects of gravitational acceleration for better insight into the mechanics. The setup enabled us to ascertain liquid loss and ascribe it to the interaction of liquid that just touched the superhydrophobic surface as it translated at various constant lateral speeds. At lower speeds (20-60 μm/s), the interactions were characterized by a strong initial liquid pin (at up to 0.6 nN force) and depin followed by a series of smaller force pin and depins before sufficient liquid loss led to total liquid detachment from the surface. At higher translation speeds (80-100 μm/s), the interactions were characterized by liquid pinning and depinning processes at a sustained force (around 0.7 nN) in which liquid loss was low enough to engender a much later liquid detachment (beyond 100 s). A linear reduction of the receding contact angle with time, but not with the advancing contact angle, was found up to the point of first liquid depinning. This suggested a stronger role played by the receding contact line in establishing liquid adherence to the superhydrophobic surface. The detachment process from the surface was also characterized by a liquid bridge driven to rupture by way of liquid being conveyed away from the bridge.     

聚乙烯共混物的相容性及液-液相分离

综述了聚乙共混物的相容性及液－液相分离行为,介绍了关于液－液相分离研究两派不同观点的实验条件、实验现象和主要结论。     

Simple quasicrystal model of liquid and its applications: calculations of enthalpy of vaporisation and adsorption energy in slit nanopore

Physical properties of liquids are important to both theoretical study and engineering designs. These properties are determined by the spatial configuration of liquids. Based on the main characteristics of short-range order of liquid configuration, a simple quasicrystal model of liquid with close-packed body-centred cubic structure is proposed to simulate the spatial structure of liquids. Then the bonding potential energy of liquid molecule is analytically expressed with Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential. Enthalpy of evaporation can be calculated with this model, which has obvious physical meaning and the calculated values agree with experimental data. Based on the fact that liquid in a confined nano-space are distributed in layers, the characteristics of liquids in slit nanopores can also be described with this simple model. The potential profiles of liquid molecules in slit nanopores and the heat of adsorption can be well reproduced with this quasicrystal model of liquid. This model can capture the main characteristics of liquid. It provides a simple method to describe the physical mechanism and directly estimate the characteristic parameters of simple liquid systems.     

偶氮型液晶高分子的研究及应用

偶氮液晶高分子由于其具有特殊的光致异构和光致变色等光学性质,在光信息贮存材料、光开关材料和非线性光学设备材料等领域具有巨大的应用潜力,近年来得到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文概述了偶氮型液晶高分子的结构特征,详细介绍了主链型偶氮液晶高分子、侧链型偶氮液晶高分子、树枝状偶氮液晶高分子以及星型偶氮液晶高分子的研究现状及在光储存、光开关及光调制偏振片等方面的应用进展,指出了存在的问题和研究方向。     

有机硅改性席夫碱聚氨酯型液晶固定相的制备、表征及色谱性能

以对苯二胺、3-氯丙醇和4-羟基苯甲醛为原料,合成对苯二(对苯丙氧基醇)亚胺液晶基元,再与对苯二异氰酸酯和1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷反应,合成席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶聚合物。 通过红外光谱法、X射线衍射、热分析、偏光显微镜等技术手段对其结构和性能进行了表征。 结果表明,该物质为席夫碱有机硅聚氨酯液晶聚合物,属于近晶相液晶,液晶区间为103~150 ℃,热分解温度为300 ℃。 用席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶固定相制备填充色谱柱,考察固定液的相对极性及其对取代苯位置异构体的色谱分离性能。 合成的席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶聚合物的液晶温度范围为103~146 ℃,属于强极性固定液(P_x=79),各组分色谱峰的分离度为0.96~3.33。     

The theoretical and practicl development of flow injection extraction

The present status of liquid/liquid extractoin based on the flow injection principle is reviewed in terms of instrumentation, theory and applicability. Comparison with other continuou-flow extraction techniques is made. A new approach to the process of trasferring analytes from one liquid to another liquid is suggested. The analyte is trapped in a first step and then eluted into a well-defined, clean liquid stream.     

Orientation control and fixation of discotic liquid crystal

We established hybrid, horizontal, vertical, and vertical-twisted alignment of discotic liquid crystals on web-coating thin film. Newly developed materials are the photopolymerizable discotic liquid crystals, in order to fix desired novel alignment, the alignment promoters that deposit toward air surface during web coating, followed by drying of solvent, and then accomplish desired alignment of liquid crystals, the alignment layers that promote desired alignment of liquid crystals from the substrate side and the chiral agents, which have strong chiral powers in small amounts. Hybrid aligned discotic liquid crystal thin film has proven quite effective in expanding the viewing angle of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays.     

胆甾相液晶微胶囊制备与表征

为了实现液晶的分散、保护和致稳,完成了DYE液晶的包覆。对该方法所采用的芯壁比、乳化剂含量、剪切速度和剪切时间等影响微胶囊包覆因素做了研究。首先,用自由基聚合法制备了液晶微胶囊。接着,以偏光显微镜(POM)检验液晶微胶囊的包覆效果,即在液晶微胶囊经过加热前后,液晶是否仍然保持其独有的光学特性。然后,在分析比较SEM和激光粒度仪等评价方法的性能的基础上,说明了液晶微胶囊的形貌及粒径分布。最后,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪再次验证了液晶微胶囊的包覆效果。实验结果表明：当芯壁比为5:4时,剪切速度为7000 rpm,剪切时间为10 min,乳化剂HSMA含量为5 ml时,微胶囊的形貌及粒径分布最优,液晶微胶囊显色性能最优。研制的DYE液晶微胶囊具有单分散性好、显色性优、耐高温能力强等优点,并以此微胶囊制备了热至变色液晶膜。     

卵磷脂-水-油酸体系液晶对胆固醇的增溶作用

Formation and structure of liquid crystal in lecithin-water-oleic acid system were studied. It was found that different from the lecithin-water system, there are two types of liquid crystal present. The lamellar liquid crystal was formed at lower content of oleic acid, the values of interlayer spacing are larger than the values in the corresponding liquid crystal without oleic acid. The inverse hexangonal liquid crysta1 was formed at higher content of oleic acid. In lecithin-water-oleic acid(containing 15℅ cholesterol) system the phase behavior of liquid crystal is similar to that in the lecithin-water-oleic acid system. The solubilization rate of solid cholesterol in lamellar liquid crystal of lecithin-water-oleic acid system is more faster than that of lecithin-water system.     

Viscosity and structure configuration properties of equilibrium and supercooled liquid cobalt

The shear viscosity of liquid cobalt at the pressure p = 1.5 bar and at the temperatures corresponding to equilibrium liquid and supercooled liquid states is measured experimentally and evaluated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Further, the shear viscosity is also calculated within the microscopic theoretical model. Comparison of our experimental, simulation and theoretical results with other available data allows one to examine the issue about the correct temperature dependence of the shear viscosity of liquid cobalt. A strong correlation between the viscosity and the configuration entropy of liquid cobalt over the considered temperature range is found, which can be taken into account by the Rosenfeld’s model.     

咪唑类离子液体结构与熔点的构效关系及其基本规律

熔点是界定、研究离子液体及其使用过程的一个重要参考指标,因此研究离子液体分子结构与熔点之间的构效关系及其基本规律有特别重要的意义。本文以从近两百遍文献及Beilstein Gmelin网络数据库中收集的约900种咪唑类离子液体中的384种咪唑类离子液体的熔点数据为依据,考察了离子液体分子结构与熔点之间的构效关系及其基本规律,这对离子液体的设计合成及应用有指导作用。     

Development of Ionic Liquids as Green Reaction Media and Catalysts

A brief review of the work carried out at Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for development of ionic liquid as green reaction media and catalysts is presented. This includes the processes of ionic liquid to be used as catalyst, reaction media, development of functional ionic liquid and methods for synthesis of immobilized ionic liquid. In the end, some prospects for development of ionic liquid are also addressed.     

Vibrational spectra of cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride and bromide and their α-deuterated compounds

The IR spectra of cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride and bromide and their α-deuterated compounds have been recorded in the vapor, liquid and crystal states. The Raman spectra have also been measured in the liquid state. Comparison of the spectra in the liquid phase with those in the crystal phase reveals that these acyl halides exist in a conformational equilibrium in the liquid state. Tentative vibrational assignments are proposed on the basis of the isotope effect and previous published results for other simple cyclobutane compounds.     

Solubility of Solid 1-Hexene and 2-Methylpentane in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubilities of solid 1-hexene and 2-methylpentane in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid 1-hexene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (3.87 ± 0.74) × 10^-7 and (7.94 ± 2.47) × 10^-9 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid 2-methylpentane in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (1.45 ± 0.36) × 10^-5 and (6.80 ± 2.16) × 10^-8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbons in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters 1₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K, liquid argon is a better solvent for solid 1-hexene and 2-methylpentane than is liquid nitrogen.     

Liquid structure of benzene and its derivatives as studied by means of X-ray scattering

The liquid structures of benzene, toluene, aniline, benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene were investigated by the X-ray scattering method. The X-ray scattering data were analysed by a method without constructing any structure models. The obtained liquid structure of benzene is different from the previous X-ray scattering results which were derived from the quasi-lattice structure for the liquid based on the crystal structure of benzene. This is because a molecular arrangement which is not found in the crystal structure is left out of consideration. In liquid toluene, benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene, two molecules are associated with the dipole–dipole interaction in the antiparallel fashion. Two aniline molecules are hydrogen-bonded in liquid aniline. The third molecule weakly interacts with the other two in liquid toluene, aniline and benzaldehyde. In liquid nitrobenzene, the parallel dipole–dipole interaction of the third molecule with another one is present in the coplanar form. The substituent effect on the liquid structures is discussed.     

Solubility of Solid 2,3-Dimethylbutane and Cyclopentane in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubilities of solid 2,3-dimethylbutane and cyclopentene in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in solutes. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid 2,3-dimethyl-butane in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (8.26 ± 1.60) × 10^–6 and (2.77 ± 0.94) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid cyclopentene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (5.11 ± 0.44) × 10^–6 and (4.60 ± 0.76) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbons in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters l ₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K liquid argon is a better solvent for investigated solid hydrocarbons than is liquid nitrogen.     

Partitioning and adsorption in gas-liquid-solid chromatography: Models of temporal moments for retention and variance

Summary The resolution of gaseous chemical species in gasliquid-solid chromatography is influenced by absorption (partitioning) in the liquid and adsorption at the liquid-solid interface. We consider fundamental mass transfer models with adsorption and partitioning effects for solid chromatographic supports covered with thin films of stationary liquid. The dynamic models, based on mass-balance partial-differential equations, include the significant phenomena: convection, axial dispersion, gas-liquid mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid-solid adsorption. Expressions for retention time and band variance (first and second temporal moments) are presented and evaluated for four distinct models: (1) capillary tube with inner surface covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (2) column of nonporous spheres covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (3) porous spherical particles with intraparticle pores covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (4) porous spherical particles with intraparticle pores completely filled with liquid.