纯有机染料共敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的性能研究

采用曙红与香豆素混合的方法,配制成敏化剂修饰纳米晶薄膜.实验结果证明,这种共敏化的方法可以在可见光范围内有效提高电池的吸光度,使得电池的性能比单独使用曙红敏化有了大幅度提高.在模拟太阳光下,曙红与香豆素共敏化的电池的开路电压达到了532 mV,短路电流达到了0.1125 mA/cm2.     

High-performance polymer solar cells with efficiency over 18% enabled by asymmetric side chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors

Side-chain engineering has been considered as one of the most promising strategies to optimize non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors(NFSMAs). Previous efforts were focused on the optimization of alkyl-chain length, shape, and branching sites. In this work, we propose that asymmetric side-chain engineering can effectively tune the properties of NFSMAs and improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE) for binary non-fullerene polymer solar cells(NFPSCs). Specifically, by introducing asymmetric side chains into the central core, both of the absorption spectra and molecule orientation of NFSMAs are efficiently tuned. When blended with polymer donor PM6, NFPSCs with EH-HD-4F(2-ethylhexyl and 2-hexyldecyl side chains) demonstrate a champion PCE of 18.38% with a short-circuit current density(J_(SC)) of 27.48 mA cm~(-2), an open circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.84 V,and a fill factor(FF) of 0.79. Further studies manifest that the proper asymmetric side chains in NFSMAs could induce more favorable face-on molecule orientation, enhance carrier mobilities, balance charge transport, and reduce recombination losses.     

Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator

Ternary organic photovoltaics(OPVs) are fabricated with PBDB-T-2 Cl:Y6(1:1.2, wt/wt) as the host system and extra PC_(71)BM as the third component. The PBDB-T-2 Cl:Y6 based binary OPVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 15.49% with a short circuit current(J_(SC)) of 24.98 m A cm~(-2), an open circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.868 V and a fill factor(FF) of 71.42%. A 16.71%PCE is obtained in the optimized ternary OPVs with PBDB-T-2 Cl:Y6:PC_(71)BM(1:1.2:0.2, wt/wt) active layer, resulting from the synchronously improved J_(SC) of 25.44 m A cm~(-2), FF of 75.66% and the constant V_(OC)of 0.868 V. The incorporated PC_(71)BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to finely adjust phase separation, domain size and molecular arrangement in ternary active layers, which can be confirmed from the characterization on morphology, 2 D grazing incidence small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, as well as Raman mapping. In addition, PC_(71)BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to form efficient electron transport channels, which should be conducive to charge transport and collection in the optimized ternary OPVs. This work provides more insight into the underlying reasons of the third component on performance improvement of ternary OPVs, indicating ternary strategy should be an efficient method to optimize active layers for synchronously improving photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport, while keeping the simple cell fabrication technology.     

A universal tactic of using Lewis-base polymer-CNTs composites as additives for high performance cm~2-sized and flexible perovskite solar cells

Lewis-base polymers have been widely utilized as additives to act as a template for the perovskite nucleation/crystal growth and passivate the under-coordinated Pb2+ sites.However,it is uncovered in this work that the polymer on the perovskite grain boundaries would significantly hinder the charge transport due to its low conductivity,which brings about free carrier recombination and photocurrent losses.To circumvent this issue while fully exploiting the benefits of polymers in passivating the trap states in perovskite,we incorporate highly conductive multiwall carbon nanotubes(CNTs) with Lewis-base polymers as coadditives in the perovskite film.Functionalizing the CNTs with-COOH group enables a selective hole-extraction and charge transport from perovskite to the hole transporting materials(HTM).By studying the charge transporting and recombination dynamics,we revealed the individual role of the polymer and CNTs in passivating the trap states and facilitating the charge transport,respectively.As a result,the perovskite solar cells(PSCs) with polymer-CNTs composites exhibit an impressive PCE of 21.7% for a small-area device(0.16 cm2) and 20.7% for a large-area device(1.0 cm2).Moreover,due to the superior mechanical flexibility of both polymer and CNTs,the polymer-CNTs composites incorporation in the perovskite film encourages the fabrication of flexible PSCs(f-PSCs) with an impressive PCE of 18.3%,and a strong mechanical durability by retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 1,000 times bending.In addition,we proved that the selection criteria of the polymers can be extended to other long-chain Lewis-base polymers,which opens new possibilities in design and synthesis of inexpensive material for this tactic towards the fabrication of high performance large-area PSCs and f-PSCs.     

11.2% Efficiency all-polymer solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Herein,we fabricated all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)based on a fluorinated wide-bandgap p-type conjugated polymer PM6 as the donor,and a narrow bandgap n-type conjugated polymer PZ1 as the acceptor.In addition to the complementary absorption and matching energy levels,the optimized blend films possess high cystallinity,predominantly face-on stacking,and a suitable phase separated morphology.With this active layer,the devices exhibited a high V_(oc)of 0.96 V,a superior J_(sc)of 17.1 mA cm~(-2),a fine fill factor(FF)of 68.2%,and thus an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 11.2%,which is the highest value reported to date for single-junction all-PSCs.Furthermore,the devices showed good storage stability.After 80 d of storage in the N_2-filled glovebox,the PCE still remained over 90%of the original value.Large-area devices(1.1 cm~2)also demonstrated an outstanding performance with a PCE of 9.2%,among the highest values for the reported large-area all-PSCs.These results indicate that the PM6:PZ1 blend is a promising candidate for scale-up production of large area high-performance all-PSCs.     

Tuning the optoelectronic properties of vinylene linked perylenediimide dimer by ring annulation at the inside or outside bay positions for fullerene-free organic solar cells

Among various perylenediimide(PDI)-based small molecular non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs), PDI dimer can effectively avoid the excessive aggregation of single PDI and improve the photovoltaic performance.However, the twist of perylene core in PDI dimer will destroy the effective conjugation. Thus, ring annulation of PDI dimer is a feasible method to balance the film quality and electron transport, but the systematic study has attracted few attentions. Herein, we choose a simple vinylene linked PDI dimer,V-PDI_2, and then conduct further studies on the structure-property-performance relationship of four kinds of derived fused-PDI dimers, namely V-TDI_2, V-FDI_2, V-PDIS_2 and V-PDISe2 respectively. The former two are incorporated thianaphthene and benzofuran at the inside bay positions, and the latter two are fused thiophene and selenophene at the outside bay positions, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal the inside-and outside-fused structures largely affect the skeleton configuration, the former two tend to be planar structure and the latter two maintain the distorted backbone. The photovoltaic characterizations show that the inside-fused PDI dimers offer high open circuit voltage(V_(OC)), while the outside-fused PDI dimers afford large short-circuit current density(J_(SC)). This variation tendency results from the reasonably tunable energy levels, light absorption, molecular crystallinity and film morphology. As a result,PBDB-T:V-PDISe2 device exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 6.51%, and PBDB-T:VFDI_2 device realizes the highest V_(OC) of 1.00 V. This contribution indicates that annulation of PDI dimers in outside or inside bay regions is a feasible method to modulate the properties of PDI-based non-fullerene acceptors.     

Solution-processed CuOx as an efficient hole-extraction layer for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells

A solution-processed CuO_x film has been successfully integrated as the hole-transporting layer (HTL) for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The CuO_x layer is fabricated by simply spin-coating a copper acetylacetonate (Cu(acac)₂) chloroform solution onto ITO glass with high transparency in the visible range. The compact and pinhole-free perovskite film with large grain domains is grown on the CuO_x film. The inverted PVSCs with the structure of ITO/CuO_x/MAPbI₃/PC₆₁BM/ZnO/Al are fabricated and show a best PCE of 17.43% under standard AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation with a V_OC of 1.03 V, a J_SC of 22.42 mA cm^-2, and a fill factor of 0.76, which is significantly higher and more stable than that fabricated from the often used hole-transporting material PEDOT:PSS (11.98%) under the same experimental conditions. The enhanced performance is attributed to the efficient hole extraction through the CuO_x layer as well as the high-quality CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films grown on the CuO_x. Our results indicate that low-cost and solution-processed CuO_x film is a promising HTL for high performance PVSCs with better stability.     

Graded interface engineering of 3D/2D halide perovskite solar cells through ultrathin(PEA)_2PbI_4 nanosheets

2D halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials because of their stability and passivation effect in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the introduction of bulky organic ammonium cations from 2D halide perovskites would decrease the device performance generally compared to the traditional 3D MAPbI_3.Incorporation of ultrathin 2D halide perovskite nanosheets(NSs) with 3D MAPbI_3 could address this issue.Herein,we re port a rationally designed PSCs with dimensional graded 3D/2D MAPbI_3/(PEA)2 PbI_4 heterojunction,in which 2D(PEA)2 PbI_4 NSs were synthesized and incorporated between 3D MAPbI_3 and hole-transporting layer.Besides the significantly improved stability,a notable increasement in power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 20% was obtained for the 3D/2D perovskite solar cells due to the favourable band alignment among(PEA)_2 PbI_4 NSs and the other components.The graded structure of MAPbI_3/(PEA)2 PbI_4 would upshift the energy level continuously,which enhances the hole extraction efficiency thus reduces the interface charge recombination,leading to the increasements of VOC from1.04 V to 1.07 V,Jsc from 21.81 mA/cm~2 to 23.15 mA/cm~2 and the fill factor from 67.89% to 74.78%,and therefore an overall PCE of 18.53%.     

Improving open-circuit voltage by a chlorinated polymer donor endows binary organic solar cells efficiencies over 17%

Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of single-junction polymer solar cells(PSCs) has made a remarkable breakthrough recently.Plenty of work was reported to achieve PCEs higher than 16% derived from the PM6:Y6 binary system.To further increase the PCEs of binary OSCs incorporating small molecular acceptor(SMA) Y6,we substituted PM6 with PM7 due to the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of PM7.Consequently,the PM7:Y6 has achieved PCEs as high as 17.0% by the hotcast method,due to the improved open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)).Compared with PM6,the lower HOMO of PM7 increases the gap between E_(LUMO-donor) and E_(HOMO-acceptor),which is proportional to V_(OC).This research provides a high PCE for single-junction binary PSCs,which is meaningful for device fabrication related to PM7 and commercialization of PSCs.     

Novel ytterbium-doped CsPbI2Br thin-films–based inorganic perovskite solar cells toward improved phase stability

In this study, we used ytterbium (Yb²⁺) as a dopant in the CsPbI₂Br inorganic perovskite thin film and stabilized its black phase. Here, we varied the Yb²⁺ doping concentration in the CsPb_1?xYb_xI₂Br (x = 0–0.04) perovskite phase through simple solution method. The optimum concentration of Yb²⁺ showed improved morphology and crystal growth. The fabricated all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPVSCs) having CsPb_0.97Yb_0.03I₂Br-based champion device showed the highest 15.41% power conversion efficiency (PCE) for a small area of 0.09 cm² and 14.04% PCE for a large area of 1 × 1 cm² with excellent reproducibility, which is higher than the controlled CsPbI₂Br device. Detailed photovoltaic analysis revealed that the PCE, open-circuit voltage (V_OC), short circuit current density (J_SC) and fill factor (FF) of the final IPVSC device attributed to the suppressed charge recombination, better film quality, and well growth orientation of the perovskite film. Moreover, the champion CsPb_0.97Yb_0.03I₂Br device retains >85% initial efficiency after 280 h under 85 °C thermal annealings. Our results provide a new method to boost the performance of the photovoltaic application.