一致区域与拟双曲度量

设 D 是 R~n(n≥2)的真子区域.F.W.Gehving 与 B.G.Osgood 证明,D 是一致区域的充分必要条件是:存在常数 c 和 d,使得 k_D(x_1,x_2)≤cj_D(x_1,x_2)+d,(?)x_1,x_2∈D.本文证明,这个条件可减弱为:存在一常数 A,使得K_D(x_1,x_2)≤A·j_D(x_1,x_2),(?)x_1,x_2∈D.这里 K_D(x_1,x_2)为 D 中任意两点 x_1,x_2的拟双曲度量,j_D(x_1,x_2)=1/2log([|x_1-x_2|]/[d(x_1,(?)D)]+1)([|x_1-x_2|]/[d(x_2,(?)D)]+1),d(x,(?)D)为 x 到(?)D 的欧氏距离.     

弓形区域绕直线y＝kx（k≠0）旋转所生成立体的体积

本文证明了弓形区域绕直线ｙ＝ｋｘ（ｋ≠０）旋转所生成立体的体积公式。对弓形区域中最重要的一类－－ｍ次抛物线区域绕ｙ＝ｋｘ（ｋ＞０）旋转所生成立体的体积，给出了一个具体的计算公式，求出了ｍ→∞时体积的极限，并对此极限作了几何解释．     

我国区域发展模式创新的动力机制与典型模式比较

区域发展模式创新是中国经济发展中非常重要的现象.论文通过归纳法给出了区域发展模式创新的动力机制模型,认为自然、历史、居民、政府等四大要素是区域发展模式创新的基础与动力所在.论文选择苏南模式、温州模式与珠江模式作为典型,通过将区域发展模式这一概念加以操作化定义,对三大模式进行了测量与比较,发现模式之间既有趋同的一面,又有差异化的一面.从区域发展模式创新的动力角度分析得出,我国模式之间相互学习、相互趋同的力量与各自探索、形成自身特色的力量同时存在,而且在一定程度上,各自探索、形成区域特色的力量更为强大.     

极坐标系中平面区域的分类与实例分析

针对极坐标系中二重积分计算教学与学习过程中出现的疑惑与问题,给出了极坐标系中积分区域分类的定义和图形展示,并就如何将复杂区域分割成极坐标系中的简单区域和构建相应简单区域的不等式描述形式的方法进行了分析,并借助具体实例对方法进行了验证.     

无界区域上基于自然边界归化的一种重叠型区域分解法及其离散化

1．引言由于科学技术的迅猛发展，人们遇到许多大规模科学和工程计算问题．随着并行计算机的出现和应用，并行技术越来越得到人们的重视和研究．区域分解法成为并行计算和处理这类问题的主要方法之一．但是，对于无界区域上的椭圆边值问题，因进行区域分解后至少有一个区域仍为无界区域，故仅应用通常的区域分解算法求解是不够的．由于边界归化是处理无界区域问题的有效手段，通常采用边界元和有限元耦合的方法求解此类问题IZ，6。8。121．或片什适当的人工边界并在此边界上加近似边界条件，再在有限区域应用有限元方法求解【人习．近年来…     

无界区域Stokes 问题非重叠型区域分解算法及其收敛性

本文研究无界区域Stokes方程外问题的利用有限元法和自然边界归化的非蕈叠型区域分解算法,此方法对无界区域Stokes问题非常有效.给出连续和离散情形的D-N算法及其收敛性分析,得到算法收敛的充要条件及充分条件,并得到最优的松弛因子和压缩因子,最后给出数值算例予以验证.     

长三角区域经济一体化和经济收敛:基于空间杜宾面板模型

区域经济一体化是我国区域经济协调持续发展的长期趋势和重要手段.已有研究表明产业区域间推移有助于推进区域经济一体化,但没有考虑到邻近区域的空间相互作用及其影响.尝试将邻近空间溢出效应纳入到区域经济一体化及其区域经济增长差异收敛性.以泛长三角为典型区域进行了实证检验,空间杜宾模型的计量结果表明:未来2025年左右,长三角区域经济一体化融合程度达到一个新的发展阶段,区域内经济发展差异将缩小一半;长三角区域经济一体化存在显著的正向空间自相关性,区域内各个地区间的经济融合发展具有明显的空间集聚和邻近区域的空间溢出效应,且物质资本、城市化具有空间挤出效应;长三角区域经济增长差异存在条件收敛趋势,且具有正向空间自相关性,存在显著的经济一体化涓流效应.基于上述分析,提出长三角区域经济一体化的主要政策建议有:长三角区域内各级地方政府,建立以行政契约制度和磋商沟通机制为主要方式的地区性多元协调机制;充分发挥市场机制和企业主体作用,加快建设和培育现代服务业和先进制造业中心,推动产业城镇互动发展,形成区域融合重组的增长极轴.     

仿射变换下的区域面积之比

这道题貌似线性规划的问题，本质上却是以仿射几何为背景，求一封闭图形区域经过仿射变换后图形区域的面积，本文将对它的解法与拓展作些探讨．     

区域物流能力与区域经济发展耦合互动机理研究

采用虚拟变量法和耦合协调度模型,利用内蒙古相关统计数据,探索了区域物流能力与区域经济发展之间的耦合互动关系.结果表明:区域物流能力对区域经济发展具有显著的正向影响,区域经济发展是区域物流能力的格兰杰原因,区域物流能力与区域经济发展之间存在耦合互动效应;不同耦合协调度等级下,区域物流能力对区域经济发展的影响程度存在较大差异.最后,基于以上研究结论提出相关政策建议,实现区域物流能力与区域经济协调发展.     

工科复变函数中一道作业题不同解法的讨论

分析了学生对工科复变函数课程中一道作业练习题的4种解法,并对幂函数单叶解析区域的特征进行了讨论.通过在教学中进行这些分析和讨论,使学生能够更深入理解和掌握相关知识,分析和解决问题的能力以及发散思维能力能够得到培养和提高.     

A PML Method for Electromagnetic Scattering from Two-dimensional Overfilled Cavities

In this paper, we consider electromagnetic scattering problems for two-dimensional overfilled cavities. A half ringy absorbing perfectly matched layer （PML） is introduced to enclose the cavity, and the PML formulations for both TM and TE polarizations are presented. Existence, uniqueness and convergence of the PML solutions are considered. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the PML method is efficient and accurate for solving cavity scattering problems.     

Analysis of a finite element PML approximation for the three dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell problem

In our paper [Math. Comp. 76, 2007, 597-614] we considered the acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems in three spatial dimensions. In particular, we studied a perfectly matched layer (PML) approximation to an electromagnetic scattering problem. We demonstrated both the solvability of the continuous PML approximations and the exponential convergence of the resulting solution to the solution of the original acoustic or electromagnetic problem as the layer increased.

In this paper, we consider finite element approximation of the truncated PML electromagnetic scattering problem. Specifically, we consider approximations which result from the use of Nédélec (edge) finite elements. We show that the resulting finite element problem is stable and gives rise to quasi-optimal convergence when the mesh size is sufficiently small.

     

Coupling nonlinear Stokes and Darcy flow using mortar finite elements

We study a system composed of a nonlinear Stokes flow in one subdomain coupled with a nonlinear porous medium flow in another subdomain. Special attention is paid to the mathematical consequence of the shear-dependent fluid viscosity for the Stokes flow and the velocity-dependent effective viscosity for the Darcy flow. Motivated by the physical setting, we consider the case where only flow rates are specified on the inflow and outflow boundaries in both subdomains. We recast the coupled Stokes–Darcy system as a reduced matching problem on the interface using a mortar space approach. We prove a number of properties of the nonlinear interface operator associated with the reduced problem, which directly yield the existence, uniqueness and regularity of a variational solution to the system. We further propose and analyze a numerical algorithm based on mortar finite elements for the interface problem and conforming finite elements for the subdomain problems. Optimal a priori error estimates are established for the interface and subdomain problems, and a number of compatibility conditions for the finite element spaces used are discussed. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the algorithm and to compare two treatments of the defective boundary conditions.     

A regularized domain decomposition method with Lagrange multiplier

In this paper, we are concerned with the nonoverlapping domain decomposition method with Lagrange multiplier for three-dimensional second-order elliptic problems with no zeroth-order term. It is known that the methods result in a singular subproblem on each internal (floating) subdomain. To handle the singularity, we propose a regularization technique which transforms the corresponding singular problems into approximate positive definite problems. For the regularized method, one can build the interface equation of the multiplier directly. We first derive an optimal error estimate of the regularized approximation, and then develop a cheap preconditioned iterative method for solving the interface equation. For the new method, the cost of computation will not be increased comparing the case without any floating subdomain. The effectiveness of the new method will be confirmed by both theoretical analyzes and numerical experiments. The work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of China G10371129.     

An Adaptive Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer Method for Time-Harmonic Scattering Problems

The uniaxial perfectly matched layer (PML) method uses rectangular domain to define the PML problem and thus provides greater flexibility and efficiency in deal- ing with problems involving anisotropic scatterers.In this paper an adaptive uniaxial PML technique for solving the time harmonic Helmholtz scattering problem is devel- oped.The PML parameters such as the thickness of the layer and the fictitious medium property are determined through sharp a posteriori error estimates.The adaptive finite element method based on a posteriori error estimate is proposed to solve the PML equa- tion which produces automatically a coarse mesh size away from the fixed domain and thus makes the total computational costs insensitive to the thickness of the PML absorb- ing layer.Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the competitive behavior of the proposed adaptive method.In particular,it is demonstrated that the PML layer can be chosen as close to one wave-length from the scatterer and still yields good accuracy and efficiency in approximating the far fields.     

An adaptive perfectly matched layer technique for 3-D time-harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems

An adaptive perfectly matched layer (PML) technique for solving the time harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems is developed. The PML parameters such as the thickness of the layer and the fictitious medium property are determined through sharp a posteriori error estimates. Combined with the adaptive finite element method, the adaptive PML technique provides a complete numerical strategy to solve the scattering problem in the framework of FEM which produces automatically a coarse mesh size away from the fixed domain and thus makes the total computational costs insensitive to the thickness of the PML absorbing layer. Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the competitive behavior of the proposed adaptive method.

     

基于几何非协调分解的Lagrange乘子区域分解方法

本文考虑将Lagrange乘子区域分解方法应用于几何非协调分解的情况来求解二阶椭圆问题.由于采用几何非协调区域分解,每个局部乘子空间关联到多个界面,我们按照一定的规则选取合适的乘子面来定义乘子空间.利用局部正则化技巧,可以消去内部变量,得到关于Lagrange乘子的界面方程.采用一种经济的预条件迭代方法求解界面方程,且相关的预条件子是可扩展的.     

An adaptive anisotropic perfectly matched layer method for 3-D time harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems

We develop an anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML) method for solving the time harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems in which the PML coordinate stretching is performed only in one direction outside a cuboid domain. The PML parameters such as the thickness of the layer and the absorbing medium property are determined through sharp a posteriori error estimates. Combined with the adaptive finite element method, the proposed adaptive anisotropic PML method provides a complete numerical strategy to solve the scattering problem in the framework of FEM which produces automatically a coarse mesh size away from the fixed domain and thus makes the total computational costs insensitive to the choice of the thickness of the PML layer. Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the competitive behavior of the proposed adaptive method.     

Convergence of an Anisotropic Perfectly Matched Layer Method for Helmholtz Scattering Problems

The anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) defines a continuous vector field outside a rectangle domain and performs the complex coordinate stretching along the vector field. Inspired by [Z. Chen et al., Inverse Probl. Imag., 7, (2013):663--678] and based on the idea of the shortest distance, we propose a new approach to construct the vector field which still allows us to prove the exponential decay of the stretched Green function without the constraint on the thickness of the PML layer. Moreover, by using the reflection argument, we prove the stability of the PML problem in the PML layer and the convergence of the PML method. Numerical experiments are also included.     

A spatial domain decomposition method for parabolic optimal control problems

We present a non-overlapping spatial domain decomposition method for the solution of linear–quadratic parabolic optimal control problems. The spatial domain is decomposed into non-overlapping subdomains. The original parabolic optimal control problem is decomposed into smaller problems posed on space–time cylinder subdomains with auxiliary state and adjoint variables imposed as Dirichlet boundary conditions on the space–time interface boundary. The subdomain problems are coupled through Robin transmission conditions. This leads to a Schur complement equation in which the unknowns are the auxiliary state adjoint variables on the space-time interface boundary. The Schur complement operator is the sum of space–time subdomain Schur complement operators. The application of these subdomain Schur complement operators is equivalent to the solution of an subdomain parabolic optimal control problem. The subdomain Schur complement operators are shown to be invertible and the application of their inverses is equivalent to the solution of a related subdomain parabolic optimal control problem. We introduce a new family of Neumann–Neumann type preconditioners for the Schur complement system including several different coarse grid corrections. We compare the numerical performance of our preconditioners with an alternative approach recently introduced by Benamou.