纳米二氧化硅与辐射硫化三元乙丙橡胶相互作用的研究

用Kraus方程、IR光谱和交联密度等手段研究了纳米二氧化硅与辐射硫化三元乙丙橡胶间的相互作用。Kraus曲线显示纳米二氧化硅与辐射硫化三元乙丙橡胶之间存在着相互作用；红外光谱的结果表明纳米二氧化硅与橡胶分子发生了化学反应，生成了化学键。用平衡溶胀法测定了纳米二氧化硅填充辐射硫化三元乙丙橡胶的交联密度，发现当填料含量低于40phr时，填充辐射胶的总交联密度随填料用量增加而提高；继续增加填料含量，总交联密度不再继续提高；物理交联密度也呈现出相同的变化趋势。同时，纳米二氧化硅与辐射硫化三元乙丙橡胶的相互作用增强，使得硫化胶的力学性能随着相互作用的加强而得到改善。     

高耐磨低生热NBR/TBIR复合材料的结构与性能

采用高反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶(TBIR)对丁腈橡胶(NBR)进行改性, 制备了高耐磨、 低生热输送轮用白炭黑填充的NBR/TBIR橡胶纳米复合材料. 研究了NBR/TBIR橡胶纳米复合材料的交联密度、 物理力学性能及填料分散性, 探讨了材料的结构对性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 与纯NBR相比, NBR/TBIR橡胶纳米复合材料的硫化速率和交联密度随TBIR用量的增加而增大; 在保持NBR硫化胶基本力学性能、 耐老化性能和耐溶剂性能基本不变的前提下, TBIR的加入使NBR/TBIR硫化胶的耐磨性提高15%, 动态压缩生热降低5%, 动态压缩永久变形降低22%, 白炭黑分散水平提高; 与丁腈橡胶/顺丁橡胶[NBR/BR(80/20), 质量份数比]硫化胶相比, NBR/TBIR(80/20, 质量份数比)硫化胶具有更低的动态压缩生热和动态压缩永久变形及更好的填料分散性.     

表面改性SiO2对SSBR/BR绿色轮胎胎面胶结构与性能的影响

采用4种含不同官能基团修饰剂改性的二氧化硅SiO₂增强溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)/顺丁橡胶(BR)共混体系, 制备了SSBR/BR/SiO₂橡胶纳米复合材料, 研究了其结构与性能. 结果表明, 在混炼胶体系中, 与未改性SiO₂填充的SSBR/BR相比, 改性SiO₂填充的SSBR/BR门尼黏度及结合橡胶含量显著增大, 表明填料-橡胶相互作用显著提高; 硫化焦烧时间缩短60%, 硫化速度增大了35%~40%. 在硫化胶体系中改性SiO₂填充的SSBR/BR具有更大的交联密度, 填料分散性明显改善, 同时也表现出更为优异的物理机械性能, 100%和300%定伸模量提高47%以上, 旋转滚筒式磨耗机法(DIN)磨耗降低5%~12%, 生热降低了约7%~13%, 热空气老化性能提升4%~22%, 代表滚动阻力的tanδ在60 ℃降低8%~13%. 此外, 与SSBR/BR/1165MP硫化胶相比, 用90 mmol/kg氨基改性SiO₂填充的SSBR/BR硫化胶的抗湿滑性能提高6.9%, 表现出最优的综合性能. 填料的良好分散及填料与聚合物的相互作用增强对于提高SSBR/BR/SiO₂胎面胶综合力学性能具有重要意义.     

一种新型硅藻土填充橡胶纳米复合材料研究

橡胶的填料问题一直是人们的研究热点,针对炭黑和白炭黑在橡胶生产中存在的污染问题,本文选用成分结构与白炭黑类似的硅藻土来填充各种橡胶。首先对硅藻土进行了改性,并对不同改性剂改性硅藻土用于填充橡胶进行了研究。结果表明2.5份偶联剂Si69的改性效果最佳。通过机械共混法制备了改性硅藻土/橡胶纳米复合材料,通过力学性能测试确定了比较适合硅藻土填充的橡胶是氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶。绿色环保且价格低廉的硅藻土可以替代白炭黑增强填充氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶。     

白炭黑/炭黑混合填料补强仿生橡胶的性能

白炭黑/炭黑混合填料是近年来发展最快的一种新型橡胶材料补强剂,主要用来改善橡胶材料的动态性能.为了探究混合填料比例和密炼工艺对仿生橡胶动静态力学性能的影响机制,设计了两组实验:(1)固定密炼时间为6 min,采用不同混合比例的白炭黑/炭黑填料填充仿生橡胶,并对其分散、拉伸、疲劳及滚动阻力等性能进行系统研究.结果表明,当白炭黑在填料中的质量分数<50%时,随着白炭黑质量分数的增加,硫化胶拉伸强度显著下降,这是由于混合填料引起的分子链最大交联程度下降所致.进一步增加白炭黑含量,硫化胶的拉伸性能变化不明显,但分散等级由约1级提升至约9级,填料团聚体尺寸的减小使硫化胶的断裂伸长率和伸张疲劳寿命显著提高.(2)在固定混合比(填料中白炭黑的质量分数为75%)条件下,研究了密炼时间对硫化胶动静态力学性能的影响.结果表明,在2～10 min密炼时间范围内, 4 min密炼即显著提升拉伸强度、 300%定伸应力以及断裂伸长率,同时降低滚动阻力.主要原因是此时分子链的最大交联程度较大,分散等级和分散度较高.进一步延长密炼时间(6～10 min),填料在橡胶中易发生重新聚集,聚集体平均粒径增大且分散度...     

炭黑在异戊橡胶中的分散及其对动静态性能的影响北大核心CSCD

橡胶在使用时往往需要在生胶中加入填料颗粒以提高其力学强度,填料在橡胶中的分散状态对其使用性能有显著影响。为了明晰填料分散状态对橡胶动静态性能的影响规律,设计了不同的胶料混炼工艺,进而获得具有不同分散程度的橡胶材料,并对其分散等级、颗粒聚集体尺寸分布、胶料硫化性质、橡胶拉伸以及疲劳等性质进行了系统研究。结果表明,在所研究的密炼时间4~16 min范围内,随着密炼时间的延长,填料在基体中的分散度等级有较大程度的提高,密炼时间为16 min时填料分散等级达到了8.1级,胶料的门尼粘度下降显著,但胶料的拉伸性能变化不明显,而动态疲劳性能得以显著改善。随着开炼包辊时间的延长,填料在基体中的分散度等级呈先升高后降低的趋势,橡胶的动态疲劳性能也先升高后降低,当开炼包辊时间为20 min时,硫化胶的伸张疲劳寿命达到4×10~4次,继续延长包辊时间硫化胶的伸张疲劳寿命下降至2.3×10~4次;但是胶料整体的拉伸性能变化不明显。由此可见,通过调整混炼工艺可以改善填料在橡胶基体中的分散状态,进而提高胶料的疲劳性能。     

纳米二氧化硅负载型橡胶助剂的制备及其应用

橡胶助剂在使用过程中易发生迁移、挥发,造成喷霜,从而带来环境污染,这是传统橡胶助剂长期存在的普遍问题.通过在纳米二氧化硅表面负载传统小分子助剂可有效改善喷霜问题,同时有利于橡胶物理机械性能的提高.本文中我们通过调整制备工艺条件,将N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(促进剂CZ)接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制备了DNS-CZ系列负载型橡胶助剂,并研究了负载型橡胶助剂对溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶(SSBR/BR)体系硫化性能和物理机械性能的影响.     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备中硫化体系的比较

采用了熔融插层和两种硫化体系硫磺 促进剂和过氧化物体系制备了三元乙丙橡胶 蒙脱土纳米复合材料 ,并将这两种体系形成的纳米复合材料进行了形态、力学性能和光学性能的比较 ,同时采用Flory Rehner方程对它们的硫化行为进行了评价 .X射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM)、力学性能和光学性能的测试结果表明 ,由硫磺硫化体系制备的纳米复合材料为不透明和剥离型 .其原有的d0 0 1 衍射峰消失 ,有序层被剥离成 10 0～ 2 0 0nm的片层均匀分散在EPDM基体中 ,其力学性能有了极大的提高 ;而过氧化物体系制备的纳米复合材料为半透明和插层型 .对两种体系的硫化行为的评价结果表明 ,随着有机蒙脱土加入量的增加 ,硫磺 促进剂硫化体系的t90 延长 ,交联密度减小 ,最大 最小转矩也变小 ;而过氧化物硫化体系的相应值却变化不大     

炭黑N134在不同橡胶基体中的分散及其混炼工艺调控

以炭黑N134作为填料,对比了异戊橡胶、丁苯橡胶及仿生橡胶3种体系下混炼工艺对硫化胶性能的影响,并针对仿生橡胶体系炭黑分散度低的问题,对混炼工艺进一步优化,从而提高分散度和动静态性能.结果表明,在所研究的密炼时间范围内,随着密炼时间的延长,异戊橡胶体系和丁苯橡胶体系的分散等级由原本的1级左右提升至6级以上.但延长密炼时间并未明显提升仿生橡胶体系的炭黑分散度.针对该问题引入塑炼和包辊工艺,仿生橡胶炭黑分散性明显提高.随炭黑分散等级的增加, 3种橡胶体系的伸张疲劳性能均得到了较大改善.其中仿生橡胶生胶经塑炼后,门尼黏度和重均分子量均明显下降,表明塑炼对于增强胶料的加工性能有明显作用.相同炭黑混炼时间下,随着塑炼时间的延长,硫化胶佩恩效应也增强,这主要是由于炭黑分散程度的提高使得炭黑与橡胶基体的有效接触面积增加,进而在一定程度上增加了界面结合胶的含量.     

PP/EPDM共混体系的辐射效应

聚丙烯和三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的γ辐射效应及辐射后的聚丙烯熔体流动速率的测定表明,在限定空气中聚丙烯随着辐照剂量的增加,熔体流动速率急剧下降,而三元乙丙橡胶随辐射剂量的增加,凝胶含量逐渐增加。在20kGy的剂量辐照下,凝胶含量为22．7％,加入2％的三聚异氰酸三烯丙酯,在相同的剂量辐照下,凝胶含量达到68％。在低剂量下辐照对共混物的拉伸强度影响不大,对冲击强度有很大的影响。在20kGy的剂量辐照下,加入50％EPDM的聚丙烯的缺口冲击强度由1．95kJ／m^2提高到30kJ／m^2,维卡软化温度由85．9℃提高到97．0℃。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.