催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁

论文研究和建立了催化动力学褪色光度法测定痕量Fe(Ⅲ)的新体系,反应介质为盐酸-邻苯二甲酸氢钾(pH2.2)缓冲溶液,催化体系为痕量Fe(Ⅲ)催化过硫酸铵氧化邻甲氧基酚的自聚反应。研究了此反应体系的最佳条件、动力学参数及反应机理,考察了21种干扰离子的影响,建立了一种新型催化动力学光度法测定痕量Fe(Ⅲ)的方法。本法的线性范围0.07～1.1μg·(25mL)~(-1)。方法灵敏度远远高于普通光度法,检出限为5.4×10~(-8)g·L~(-1)。方法应用于自来水、河水、城市污水、豆奶粉和茶叶中痕量Fe(Ⅲ)的测定,相对标准偏差为0.36％～3.4％,标准加入回收率为97.3％～102.7％,结果满意。     

吡咯红Y-过氧化氢-铬(Ⅵ)体系催化荧光法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)

在HAc-NaAc缓冲体系中,痕量铬(Ⅵ)对过氧化氢氧化吡咯红Y的氧化还原反应有催化作用,使吡咯红Y荧光减弱,据此建立了催化荧光法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法,同时考察了该催化反应的最优条件及动力学性质.该方法的表观活化能为159.92 kJ·mol-1,反应速率常量为5.7×10-2s-1,检测限为0.012μg·mL-1,测定线性范围为0.02～0.24 μg·mL-1.该方法用于对河水、工业废水及电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

中性红催化动力学光度法测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)

利用硫酸介质中,痕量硒(Ⅳ)强烈催化氯酸钾氧化中性红褪色反应,建立一种快速测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)的催化动力学光度法.结果表明:最大吸收波长为530nm,检出限为2.4×10-9g/mL,摩尔吸光系数为2-71×104L·mol-1·cm-1,硒含量在0.1-0.4/μg/25mL范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为AA=0.0045 0.4271CSe(Ⅳ)(μg//25mL),相关系数r=0.9996,直接用于黑木耳、黄花菜和香菇中硒(Ⅳ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

Triton X-100增敏催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于稀硫酸介质中,Triton X-100对亚硝酸根催化氯酸钾氧化甲基紫褪色反应的增敏作用,建立了测定痕量亚硝酸根的Triton X-100增敏催化动力学光度法.方法的线性范围为0.004-0.26μg·mL-1,检出限为9.24×10-10g·mL-1.测得反应表观活化能为75.33kJ·mol-1.方法简便、快速,选择性好.用于水样及蔬菜祥品中痕量亚硝酸根的测定,结果满意.     

吖啶橙-PAR-钒(V)能量转移荧光猝灭法的研究及分析应用

在pH 5.5的Na2HPO4柠檬酸缓冲溶液中,吖啶橙(A0)与PAR-钒(V)络合物之间发生有效的能量转移,使吖啶橙526 nm处的荧光猝灭,据此建立了能量转移荧光测定痕量钒的新方法.实验表明,在pH5.5的3.0×10-5mol·L-2AO-4.0 mg·L-1PAR体系中,钒的含量c在0.12～0.5μg穖l-1范围内与荧光猝灭强度△F呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为△F=165.4c+2.5,方法检出限为0.004 5.μg穖L-1,相对标准偏差为0.6%.该荧光猝灭反应15 min内完全,其相对荧光强度在2.5 h内基本保持不变.用该方法测定生物样品中钒的含量,相对误差小于5%,结果满足痕量分析要求.     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定痕量镉

基于在盐酸介质中,镉(Ⅱ)对溴酸钾氧化甲基蓝褪色反应有显著的阻抑作用,建立了测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)的动力学方法.以604nm为测定波长,镉(Ⅱ)在0.01-1.7μg·mL-1内呈线性关系,检出限为5.6×10-3μg·mL-1.测定了动力学参数,该阻抑反应为一级反应,表观反应速率常数为1.58×10-3s-1,活化能为67.89kJ·mol-1.方法用于环境水样中痕量镉(Ⅱ)的测定,相对标准偏差为4.35％,回收率为96.1％-99.0％.     

锌试剂-NO_2~--KBrO_3催化体系测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于在H_3PO_4介质中痕量亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化锌试剂的反应建立了测定亚硝酸根的新催化光度法,研究了影响反应速率的条件,反应速率方程为-dc_(Zincon)/dt=k'c_(Zincon)·C_(BrO_3~-)·C_(NO_2~_),表现活化能E’=33.13kJ·mol~(_1),表现速率常数k’=1.32×10~(-3)·s~(-1),方法检出限是6.O×10~(-10)g·mL~(-1),测定范围是0.60～30.00μ g·~(-1),直接用于水体中亚硝酸根的测定结果满意。     

催化动力学分光光度法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

研究了在NaOH介质中,痕量Co(Ⅰ)对H2O2氧化5'-硝基水杨基荧光酮的褪色反应具有显著的催化作用,据此建立了催化动力学分光光度法测定Co(Ⅰ)的新方法.方法的线性范围为0-6μg·L-1,检出限为6.7×10-9g·mL-1,相对标准偏差为1.73％-2.15％,回收率为98.0％-99.8％.方法应用于测定维生素B12中痕量钴时,结果满意.     

活化剂存在下H2O2氧化间乙酰基偶氮氯膦催化光度法测定痕量铁(Ⅲ)

基于HAc-NaAc(pH 3.0)缓冲介质中,邻菲罗啉对Fe(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化间乙酰基偶氮氯膦褪色反应的活化作用,建立了催化光度法测定痕量铁的新反应体系.当有邻菲罗啉存在时Fe(Ⅲ)才对褪色反应起显著催化作用,对于10mL溶液测定铁的线性范围0.0008-1.0μg,回归方程△A=0.427C-0.00092,r=0.9997,检出限为2.4×10-11g·mL-1,反应表观活化能127.9kJ·mol-1.应用于蒙药样品中痕量铁的测定,取得了满意的结果.     

茶叶中单宁的荧光动力学分析法研究

本文根据在Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中单宁对Cu(Ⅱ)催化过氧化氢氧化吡咯红Y具有活化作用,使体系荧光狡灭,建立了一个高灵敏度荧光动力学测定痕量单宁的新方法。详细研究了体系的最佳实验条件,采用固定时间法测定体系的荧光强度。该方法的线性范围为0.06～0.96mg·L~(-1),检出限为0.032mg·L~(-1)。对含量为0.32mg·L~(-1)的单宁标准溶液进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.3％。将方法用于茶叶中单宁含量的测定,并与Folin-Ciocalteu光度法作了对照,结果满意。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.