ZnO亚微米和微米棒的晶体生长及发光性质

用硝酸锌Zn(NO3 )2·4H2O和六亚甲基四胺 (CH2 )6N4,通过化学溶液法在玻璃衬底上生长出ZnO六角形亚微米和微米棒(长 5~6μm,直径 0. 8 ~5μm)。生长时间达两天后,ZnO棒呈中空六角形微米管。测量了样品的X射线衍射(XRD)谱,扫描电镜像和喇曼光谱。ZnO微米棒的光致发光为橙红色宽谱带发射(峰值 630nm, 半峰全宽 250nm), 其激发光谱除带间本征激发(短于 370nm)外,还有很强的在导带底附近的室温激子激发峰(峰值 387nm,半峰全宽 30nm)。而阴极射线发光有两个发射峰,橙色宽谱带强峰 (峰值580nm,半峰全宽约为140nm)是缺陷发光峰,近紫外窄谱带弱峰(峰值 395nm,半峰全宽约为 20nm)是激子发光峰。     

Sn掺杂ZnO纳米晶的水热法制备及光学性能

以ZnCl2和NaOH为原料,用SnCl4·4H2O作掺杂剂,通过水热法合成了Sn掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)及光致发光(PL)光谱等测试技术对样品的物相、形貌及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明:制得的Sn掺杂ZnO纳米粒子具有六角纤锌矿结构。随着锡掺杂浓度的增大,纳米晶的平均粒度增加,晶体形貌由短棒状向单锥和双锥状转变;提高前驱液的pH值,所得样品的形貌由长柱状向短柱状转变。室温下,观测到三个光致发光带,一个峰值在433nm处的强紫光发射峰,一个约在401nm处的近紫外发光峰及一个在466nm处的弱蓝光发光峰。在实验掺杂浓度范围内,Sn的掺杂只是改变纳米ZnO的发光强度,对发光峰位置影响不大。     

蓝光ZnO薄膜的特性研究

采用反应溅射法在n型硅（100）衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,分别用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和荧光分光光度计对样品的结构、表面形貌和光致发光特性进行了表征。X射线衍射结果表明,实验中制备出了应变小的c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜;原子力显微镜观察表明,薄膜表面平整,颗粒大小约为50nm,为柱状结构,颗粒垂直于硅衬底表面生长;在室温光致发光（PL）谱中观察到了波长位于434nm处的较窄的强蓝光发射峰,该蓝光峰的半峰全宽约为50meV。对蓝光峰的发光机制进行了讨论,并推断出该蓝光峰来源于电子从Zn填隙缺陷能级向价带顶跃迁。     

Na-Mg共掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性质

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在普通载玻片上使用旋转涂膜技术制备了具有c轴择优取向生长的Na-Mg共掺杂的ZnO薄膜。用XRD、SEM、光致发光(PL)及透射光谱对薄膜样品进行了表征。结果表明:Na-Mg共掺杂有利于ZnO薄膜的c轴择优取向生长,并且随着Na+掺杂浓度的增加,晶粒尺寸先增大后减小;通过比较不同掺杂浓度ZnO薄膜的PL谱,推测发光峰值位于380nm的紫外发射与ZnO的自由激子复合有关;发现掺入Mg的确能使ZnO禁带宽度增大,掺杂组分为Na0.04Mg0.2Zn0.76O时,其PL谱只有一个很强的紫光发射峰,其近带边紫外光发射强度较未掺杂的ZnO增强了近10倍,极大地提高了薄膜紫外发光性能;并且随Na+浓度增加薄膜透光性减弱。     

Fe掺杂ZnO纳米球的光学特性

采用微乳液法制备了Fe掺杂ZnO纳米球材料(Zn1-xFexO,x=0.1),利用XRD和TEM对制备样品的结构、形貌进行了表征。在室温下,测得材料宽化的吸收光谱。用325nm的激光激发,测量了ZnO纳米球的光致发光光谱,低强度激发时观察到半峰全宽较窄、峰值波长为385nm的紫光峰和半峰全宽较宽、峰值波长约625nm的深能级发光峰;两峰的发光强度和峰位随着激发光功率密度的变化而变化,但变化规律不同。所合成材料的吸收和发光性质与Fe掺杂相关。     

四角锥氧化锌的制备及其强蓝光发射性质研究

采用热蒸发锌(Zn)粉的方法制备了大量的ZnO纳米棒状和四角锥状结构。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman Spectra)和光致发光谱(PL)对样品进行了形貌,结构和发光特性分析。结果表明:合成的ZnO纳米棒具有良好的晶体结构,直径约100～500 nm,长度约2～5μm,还有一些四角锥状结构。在325 nm波长光激发下,有微弱的391 nm带边紫外发射和很强的488 nm蓝光发射,呈现出纳米ZnO优异的蓝光特性,并对其生长机理和发光机理进行了初步的探讨。     

弯曲表面上ZnO 亚微米棒阵列的制备

以ZnS和金属Zn粉末混合物为蒸发源以及金属Zn片为衬底,利用热蒸发气相沉积方法,在弯曲的金属Zn微球表面上,成功地获得了ZnO亚微米棒阵列结构。场发射扫描电镜研究表明:在弯曲的Zn微球表面,能自组织地生长出大量的截面为六边形的ZnO亚微米棒,这些亚微米棒的平均直径为500nm,长约1μm。棒的顶部是平滑的。能量散射X射线谱结果表明:合成的产品只存在Zn和O两种元素,其成分比例接近1∶1。没有观察到S元素。光致发射(PL)光谱显示:在387nm紫外波长处,出现一个强的半峰全宽为16nm的窄发光峰,可归属于ZnO的近带边发光,而509nm左右较弱的宽峰则源于界面缺陷态发光。这些研究结果说明我们所合成的这种ZnO亚微米棒阵列材料在紫外受激发射器件方面有着潜在的应用价值。     

荧光体CaSO_4∶Eu的近紫外发光性质

CaSO4∶Eu是一种人们早已较为熟知的发光材料,由于其优异的热释发光特性而被广泛应用于辐射剂量学方面。近年来由于崭新的光致发光液晶显示模式的出现,人们又对其近紫外发射特性产生了极大兴趣。考察了CaSO4∶Eu的发光特性和材料的各种制备方法,以及制备条件对发光性能的影响,特别是对其近紫外发射性能的影响。实验表明,对于还原彻底、结晶良好的样品,激活剂Eu几乎全部以二价铕离子的形式存在,是一种很好的近紫外发射材料。该材料能被低压汞蒸气放电辐射有效激发,其发射带的峰值在386 nm附近,随Eu的掺杂浓度不同而略有差异,半峰全宽约为16 nm,基本满足了近紫外发射的要求,可应用于光致发光液晶显示器件的背照明光源中。     

纳米ZnO薄膜可见发射机制研究

利用溶胶－凝胶法 （Sol-Gel）制备了纳米ZnO薄膜,获得了高强的近紫外发射室温下测量了样品的光致发光谱(PL )、吸收谱(ABS)、X射线衍射谱(XRD).X射线衍射(XRD)的结果表明：纳米ZnO薄膜呈多晶态,具有六角纤锌矿结构和良好的C轴取向;发现随退火温度升高,（002）衍射峰强度显著增强,衍射峰的半高宽（FWHM）减小、纳米颗粒的粒径增大.由吸收谱(ABS)给出了样品室温下带隙宽度为3.30 eV.在PL谱中观察到二个荧光发射带,一个是中心波长位于392 nm附近强而尖的紫带,另一个是519 nm附近弱而宽的绿带研究了不同退火温度样品的光致发光峰值强度的变化关系,发现随退火温度升高,紫带峰值强度增强、绿带峰值强度减弱,均近似呈线性变化.证实了纳米ZnO薄膜绿光发射主要来自氧空位(Vo)形成的浅施主能级与锌空位(VZn)形成的浅受主能级之间的复合,或氧空位(Vo)形成的深施主能级上的电子至价带顶的跃迁;紫带来自于导带中的电子与价带中的空位形成的激子复合.     

In掺杂的ZnO纳米棒的共振Raman光谱研究

本文报道In掺杂ZnO纳米棒的成功制备和对其结构以及光荧光性能的详尽研究。在室温条件下ZnO的共振拉曼谱线容易受到很强的荧光干扰, 甚至导致共振拉曼谱线完全被湮没。微量In掺杂入ZnO纳米棒中, 调控紫外发光峰由378 nm(纯ZnO)红移至397 nm; 另外, 在制备过程中引入过量的氧, 在样品中产生大量缺陷, 降低了ZnO的紫外近带边发光峰强度。这两方面导致在室温下可清楚的观察到In掺杂ZnO纳米棒的6阶LO拉曼峰。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.