EAST超导磁体CICC中流动压降的低温实验

介绍了EAST中超导磁体的CICC结构型式及其性能参数;并对低温试验装置流程作了简述,并在低温试验中测量了超临界氦通过的摩擦系数与压力损失,最后将实验值与经验拟合公式进行了比较。     

气体在微细多孔介质中的流动阻力研究

本文对空气、氢气和氦气流过微细多孔介质内部的流动阻力特性进行了实验研究,分析不同气体在不同颗粒直径条件下摩擦因子与等效雷诺数的关系.结果表明:对于空气、氢气和氦气,当颗粒直径为225μm和125μm时,由于可压缩性的影响,摩擦因子略大于经验公式结果.对于空气,当颗粒直径为90μm和40μm时,实验得到的摩擦因子小于经验公式结果.对于氢气和氦气,当颗粒直径为125μm时,经过可压缩性修正的摩擦因子实验值略小于经验公式结果;颗粒直径为90μm和40μm时,摩擦因子小于经验公式结果.因此,对于空气、氢气和氦气,当颗粒平均直径小于90μm时,微细多孔介质中的流动特性存在稀薄气体效应.     

微型管内流动特性的实验研究

以四氯化碳作为工质,流经内径分别为0.168 mm、0.399 mm、0.799 mm不锈钢管及内径分别为0.242 mm、0.315 mm、0.520 mm石英玻璃管,测量压降与流量的关系,从而获得摩擦因子f与雷诺数Re的关系。实验结果表明, 当雷诺数Re小于1600-1800时,除内径为0.168 mm的不锈钢管外,别的内径的微管内的摩擦因子与经典层流理论值几乎一致,而内径为0.168 mm的不锈钢管由于更大的相对粗糙度(8%-10%左右),其f值比经典理论值高约5%-10% 左右。当雷诺数Re越过1800时,f的值明显偏离经典层流理论值。     

流体在微细多孔介质中的流动阻力研究

本文对空气和水流过烧结微细多孔介质内部的流动阻力进行了实验研究和数值模拟,分析不同颗粒直径条件下摩擦因子与等效雷诺数的关系.结果表明:对于水,实验及数值模拟得到的摩擦因子与经验公式符合很好.对于空气,当颗粒直径为200μm和125 μm时,由于可压缩性的影响,摩擦因子略大于经验公式结果.当颗粒直径为90μm和40 μm时,实验及考虑速度滑移得到的摩擦因子小于经验公式结果.因此,当颗粒平均直径小于90 μm时,空气在微细多孔介质中的流动需要考虑稀薄气体效应.     

基于多孔介质模型的40-T混合磁体CICC摩擦阻力特性分析

多孔介质理论被认为可能为CICC的热工水力特性提供理论支撑。通过多孔介质模型对40-T混合磁体外超导磁体的CICC导体进行分析计算,并用实验测量结果对渗透率、阻力系数、颗粒直径等参数进行修正,以探索CICC的多孔介质模型近似方法。     

多孔介质模型在管壳式换热器数值模拟中的应用

本文详细讨论了多孔介质模型在管壳式换热器数值模拟中的应用,开发了一套能自动生成多孔介质特性参数的通用程序。该程序主要基于三维交错网格及SIMPLE算法,然后运用该模型,采用改进的κ-ε模型和壁面函数法,对换热器壳侧的湍流流动进行了数值模拟。计算结果与换热器冷态实验结果符合良好,表明该模型和计算方法是切实可行的。     

外界辐射对浸没在多孔介质中的液体燃料燃烧特性的影响

本文研究了不同辐射通量下浸没在沙床中的液体燃料的燃烧特性.探讨了辐射通量对液体燃料浸没在多孔沙床中的燃烧特性的影响,获得了不同辐射通量下的火焰特性、床层温度分布、离表面最近测点处蒸气区的下边界到达时间、燃烧持续时间及燃料消耗规律.实验结果揭示了浸没在多孔床中的液体燃料在不同辐射通量下燃烧时的特殊规律.     

流体在烧结多孔槽道中对流换热的实验研究

本文对空气和水流过烧结青铜颗粒水平多孔槽道表面上的对流换热进行了实验研究。结果表明:与空槽道表面换热相比,实验段充满烧结多孔介质后,水流过实验段的平均对流换热系数可提高7～9倍,空气可提高3～30倍;烧结多孔结构的强化换热能力大于非烧结的堆积床;直径的增大能提高水在多孔结构内的换热能力,但对空气而言在实验流量范围内无明显作用。     

二维Frenkel-Kontorova模型中六角对称结构的摩擦现象

基于二维 Frenkel-Kontorova 模型, 运用分子动力学模拟方法, 研究了具有六角对称结构的系统从 locked 态到 sliding 态的相变, 并数值分析了上层原子采用六角对称结构时, 系统的不同参数对静摩擦力F_s和动摩擦力F_c的影响. 关键词： 二维 Frenkel-Kontorova 模型 超润滑 分子动力学 摩擦     

发汗冷却过程中多孔壁面内的局部非热平衡分析

本文采用局部非热平衡模型对发汗冷却过程中多孔壁面内的换热和流动进行了数值模拟,分析了影响多孔介质内固体骨架与流体的温度及温差分布的因素,研究了这些因素对发汗冷却过程的影响规律.计算结果表明:增大固体骨架的导热系数、增大冷却剂流速或者加强冷端换热有利于提高发汗冷却效率.     

旋流式气液分离器压降计算模型的应用探讨

分析制冷系统中几种常用的旋流式气液分离器压降模型的计算方法,并对旋流分离器的升气管压降计算模型进行了计算对比.分析发现:对于一个光滑器壁的旋流分离器在低入口浓度下的压降,使用简单的经验压降模型是足够的;但旋流分离器器壁粗糙时,则使用Barth模型和Muschelknautz 模型更合适;而 Stairmand 模型对摩...     

The rarefaction effect on the friction factor of gas flow in microchannels

Microfluidic devices are used today in many engineering applications. However, despite much progress in this field, the fundamental understanding of fluid flow and heat transfer on the microscale is still not satisfactory. In this study, the rarefaction effects on the pressure drop for an incompressible flow through silicon microchannels having a rectangular, trapezoidal or double-trapezoidal cross-section are investigated. The roles of the Knudsen number and the cross-section aspect ratio in the friction factor reduction due to the rarefaction are pointed out.     

Heat transfer and friction factor correlation development for double-pass solar air heater having V-shaped ribs as roughness elements

In this present study, an experimental investigation has been carried out for a roughened double-pass solar air heater. The respective variation in other parameters, such as relative roughness pitch (p/e), relative roughness height (e/D_h), and angle of attack (α), were 5–20, 0.022–0.044, and 30°–75°, respectively. The effect of roughness and operating parameters on Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) has been determined, and the results are compared with those of a smooth absorber plate; considerable enhancement in both heat transfer and friction factor is noticed. Utilizing these experimental data, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were also developed.     

竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾流动压降的分析

文中对竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾压降进行实验研究,分析热流密度、质量流量对液氮两相流动摩擦压降的影响以及热流密度对测试段总压降的影响。在本实验工况范围内,两相流摩擦压降随着热流密度和质量流速的增加而变大,且测试段总压降随着热流密度的增加而降低。分别利用均相模型、L-M模型和Chisholm B系数模型对实验结果进行预测,并比较了预测值与实验值,结果表明本实验工况下均相模型预测效果最好。     

90°弯管内冰浆流动特性数值模拟

基于欧拉法建立了冰浆流动的混合模型,对冰浆在90°弯管内的流动特性进行了数值模拟研究,获得了弯管内冰浆的流场和冰晶颗粒的运动轨迹,探讨了弯管管径、曲率半径及冰浆的流速、浓度参数对弯管内冰浆压降的影响,并对弯管压降的模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。结果表明:在计算参数范围内,弯管压降随冰浆流速、浓度及弯管曲率半径的增大而增大,随弯管管径的增大而减小;冰浆在弯管内流动形成二次流现象,两个漩涡区域出现在弯管截面两侧;漩涡导致部分冰晶颗粒的运动轨迹发生改变,并使其向弯管下方的负压区聚集,增大了冰晶颗粒的碰撞几率。     

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow of Water-CuO Nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel with a porous medium

This study has compared the convection heat transfer of Water-based fluid flow with that of Water-Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel with a porous medium. The heat flux in the lower and upper walls has been assumed constant, and the flow has been assumed to be two-dimensional, steady, laminar, and incompressible. The governing equations include equations of continuity, momentum, and energy. The assumption of thermal equilibrium has been considered between the porous medium and the fluid. The effects of the parameters, Reynolds number and Darcy number on the thermal performance of the channel, have been investigated. The results of this study show that the presence of a porous medium in a channel, as well as adding nanoparticles to the base fluid, increases the Nusselt number and the convection heat transfer coefficient. Also the results show that As the Reynolds number increases, the temperature gradient increases. In addition, changes in this parameter are greater in the throat of the flow than in convex regions due to changes in the channel geometry. In addition, porous regions reduce the temperature difference, which in turn increases the convective heat transfer coefficient.     

船舶典型结构损耗因子试验及应用研究

损耗因子是衡量系统阻尼特性并决定其振动能量耗散能力的重要参数,对船舶水下噪声预报分析具有重要影响。针对船舶结构特点,选取内底板、舱壁板和甲板等典型结构建立试验模型,基于瞬态衰减法,对船舶典型结构损耗因子进行测试,分析、掌握其特性规律。在此基础上,开展船舶典型结构损耗因子水下噪声预报应用研究,结果表明,损耗因子对船舶水下噪声具有较大影响,进行船舶水下噪声预报时需开展相关损耗因子测试。     

Three-dimensional absolute and convective instabilities in mixed convection of a viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium

By using the mathematical formalism of absolute and convective instabilities we study the nature of unstable three-dimensional disturbances of viscoelastic flow convection in a porous medium with horizontal through-flow and vertical temperature gradient. Temporal stability analysis reveals that among three-dimensional (3D) modes the pure down-stream transverse rolls are favored for the onset of convection. In addition, by considering a spatiotemporal stability approach we found that all unstable 3D modes are convectively unstable except the transverse rolls which may experience a transition to absolute instability. The combined influence of through-flow and elastic parameters on the absolute instability threshold, wave number and frequency is then determined, and results are compared to those of a Newtonian fluid.     

The effect of the scale factor on the focusing properties of a vortex gas flow

An experimental study is carried out to investigate a bilateral direct-flow vortex tube of small (0.3–3.0)·10⁻² m) size and to compare its optical properties with those characteristics of vortex tubes of a larger ((3–16)\10⁻² m) scale. A model is suggested for forming transverse profiles of the intensity of laser beams with an intensity hole in the center and of annular beams. Translated from Zhural Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 386–389, May–June, 1997     

光斑的形状因子及其在光纤定解问题中的应用

通过比较面光源与多极子点源两种辐射场,定义了光斑的形状因子,它决定于光斑上的源强分布.给出了形状因子的确定方法,求出了几种常见光斑的形状因子.把形状因子应用于光纤理论,补充了入射端面上的定解条件,完整地设定了定解问题.利用形状因子简单讨论了光纤端面的源强分布对光纤模式特性的影响 关键词： 光纤光学 多极子面光源 形状因子