多孔表面的液氮池沸腾实验研究

文中对颗粒烧结多孔表面和泡沫金属多孔表面上的液氮池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究,并与光滑铜表面的试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,多孔表面成核条件更好,使得沸腾起始点相对于光滑表面提早;随着热流密度逐渐增大,气泡增多,且在多孔层内部连成一片,加热表面气泡离开受到多孔层的限制,热阻增加,换热系数大幅降低,整个沸腾进入表面沸腾阶段;多孔结构所产生的毛细抽力不断补充冷却流体,使表面沸腾能够持续较长时间,实验中未观测到临界热流密度现象。在实验基础上,文中描述了多孔表面不同池沸腾换热阶段的主要换热机理,并分析了流体工质、多孔层厚度、渗透系数、孔隙率等参数对多孔表面池沸腾换热的影响。     

多孔表面开槽影响池沸腾传热的实验研究

本文报道了开槽密度对R11在烧结多孔表面池沸腾换热性能影响的实验研究。观察发现,多孔表面开槽,让蒸汽从槽道逸出、液体从多孔区吸入到受热面,将增强池沸腾换热。沸腾特征可分为液体灌注、槽道起泡、底部蒸干三个区。对特定的多孔层,合理开槽可获得较好的换热效果。带槽道的多孔表面实验件与均匀多孔表面相比,在相同壁面过热度条件下,热流密度提高2～10倍,临界热流密度提高2～4倍。     

PTFE疏水修饰法消除多孔表面的沸腾迟滞现象

微纳多孔结构表面在提高沸腾传热性能的同时,通常也会伴随着沸腾迟滞现象出现.以底部树林状阵列结构、上部蜂窝状微纳双尺度多孔结构为基础的双层多孔表面在展示出良好性能的同时,也出现了沸腾迟滞现象。本文通过电泳沉积PTFE修饰的方法,降低多孔表面成核壁面过热度,从而基本消除双层多孔表面的沸腾迟滞效应。另外,修饰后的双层多孔表面的CHF和最大HTC与未修饰的双层多孔表面相比提高了20%和19%;和光滑铜表面相比,CHF提高了97%,HTC提高了400%,展现出优异的沸腾传热性能.     

超亲水多孔表面制备及其池沸腾换热研究

采用电沉积法制备了纳米级树枝状结构与微米级孔穴结构复合的多孔表面,分析了电镀时间对多孔表面结构的影响,制备的多孔表面孔隙率最高可达94.4%,且具有超亲水特性。建立了多孔表面的去离子水池沸腾换热实验系统,对比研究了多孔表面与平表面的池沸腾换热性能,结果表明,多孔表面的临界热流密度239 W/cm~2,最高对流换热系数5.9W/(cm~2K),分别比平表面提高了100%和120%。     

微重力准稳态池沸腾中的气泡动力学研究

本文实验研究了微重力条件下的准稳态核态池沸腾现象中的气泡动力学特征及其对传热特性的影响,发现在低过冷度沸腾中,聚合汽泡表面的强烈振荡促进了整个加热面上的核化过程与核态沸腾传热;而高过冷沸腾中,聚合气泡在表面张力作用下呈球状,难以覆盖整个加热表面,导致核态沸腾向膜态沸腾的过度过程表现为"核态沸腾+局部的干斑扩展"现象,相应的传热曲线没有明显转折.微重力条件下池沸腾临界热流随过冷度和压力的增加而升高,与地面结果定性相符.     

纳米特性表面圆柱型高速喷流沸腾临界热流密度的实验研究

制备了分别具有亲水和疏水特性的2种纳米特性表面,对具有不同固液接触角的传热面上圆柱型高速水喷流沸腾的沸腾临界热流密度(CHF)进行了系统的稳态实验研究,重点考察了喷流速度,过冷度和传热面固液接触角对CHF的影响。通过研究整理了传热面固液接触角和CHF之间的实验关系。对作者过去提出的饱和液与过冷液圆柱喷流沸腾CHF的半理论关系式进行了扩展和改进,使公式扩展到高流速范围和广泛的固液接触角范围。改进的关系式与实验数据符合得很好.     

微小空间内多孔表面上的沸腾实验研究

1引言微小空间内的沸腾在电子器件冷却、航天热控、微型换热器以及核反应堆的冷却等领域中有着广泛的应用，因此对其沸腾机理的研究具有重要的意义。过去微小空间内的沸腾研究主要是针对光滑表面［‘－‘1，已证明在微小空间里，沸腾换热受空间尺寸的影响要比大空间大。对于多孔表面在微小空间内的沸腾研究则相对较少。本文对矩形槽道表面和烧结型多孔表面在微小空间里的沸腾进行了实验研究。2实验装置实验装置如图1，实验段是3O0mm长的紫铜管（包括矩形槽道管和烧结型的多孔管），内插不同外径的不绣钢管，形成不同间隙的环形小空间。在内…     

微重力池沸腾实验研究

本文利用我国第22颗返回式卫星开展了微重力条件下过冷池沸腾传热实验研究.实验中采用桥式自反馈电路控制加热面温度,加热元件为长30 mm、直径60 μm的铂丝,实验工质为0.1 MPa压力下过冷度为26℃的R113.实验发现,沸腾起始温度不受重力水平影响,而微重力核态沸腾传热略有增强,汽泡脱落行为也有着不同的特征.     

多孔球层内核态沸腾过程特性的实验观察

本文以水为实验工质,对从底部加热多孔球层内核态沸腾过程进行可视化观察。通过高速图像采集系统;拍摄和观察了孔隙内汽泡的成长过程,在实验观察的基础上,对多孔球层内核态沸腾过程的一些基本特性进行了分析和讨论。     

低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型

对核态沸腾表面上的各种传热机理进行了分析和量化,建立了低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型,并将该模型纳入双流体模型实现了数值求解,数值预测的结果详细地反映出了壁面上各参数随流动的变化情况。该机理模型的计算结果表明,气泡挣脱后液体与过热壁面间的激冷效应是导致壁面上各参数在OSV处突变的根本原因。     

A new microstructure for pool boiling

Combining electrocoating and etching processes, we have developed a new type of microstructure for nucleate boiling. The basic elements of the structure are cylindrically shaped; their density ranges up to 10⁷ cm⁻².To test the efficiency of the structure, the outer surface of a tube has been provided with such a structure and used in pool boiling experiments with the refrigerant R141b at atmospheric pressure. The results obtained show the heat flux to remain independent of the wall superheat in the fully developed boiling region. The behavior is novel. It is most probably associated with the density of active bubble nucleation sites. Activated at a certain wall superheat, the density of the sites generating bubbles remains apparently unaffected by raising the heat flux. Given that these preliminary results should be confirmed by further experiments, the microstructure developed will be suitable for nucleate boiling in general, but for keeping the heating surface largely isothermal, despite the variation of the heat flux, in particular.     

Enhancement in nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on nano-second laser processed copper surfaces

ABSTRACT

The present paper reports the experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on multiscale functionalized copper surfaces. Multiscale functionalized surfaces are fabricated by employing the nano-second laser surface process (NLSP) technique. The heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of functionalized surfaces are estimated experimentally by using water and acetone as pool liquid. Tests are performed at atmospheric pressure, and saturated pool boiling condition with heat flux varyies between 0 and 330 kW/m². The maximum HTCs for functionalized surface and reference polished surface were found to be 41,500 W/m²K and 23,000 W/m²K, respectively, with water and 22,000 W/m²K and 14,000 W/m²K, respectively, with acetone.     

Critical heat flux enhancement of pool boiling using a porous nanostructured coating

Surface coating techniques are commonly used to increase heat transfer and control critical heat flux. In this research, we used anodizing—an electrochemical coating process—to coat an aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum plain surface. This porous nanostructured coating has uniform, cylindrical, parallel nanochannels, and closed end pores. Next, we conducted saturated pool boiling tests on the anodized samples, using deionized water and the CHFs were measured. We found that porous nanostructured coatings, due to their improved surface characteristics, particularly wettability, increased CHF values and also critical heat flux increased linearly with decreasing the contact angle.     

池沸腾传热的数学分析

在统计方法的基础上,对于池沸腾换热的传热机理提出了一个数学模型. 在没有增加新的经验常数的条件下,从该模型中可得到池沸腾热流密度是壁面过热度、活化穴最小与最大尺寸、流体的接触角与流体物理特性的函数. 该模型可以较好地解释润湿性如何影响沸腾热流密度. 对不同的接触角,模型预测的结果与实验相符合. 关键词： 池沸腾 传热 数学模型     

Numerical simulation of pool boiling of a Lennard-Jones liquid

We performed a numerical simulation of pool boiling by a molecular dynamics model. In the simulation, a liquid composed of Lennard-Jones particles in a uniform gravitational field is heated by a heat source at the bottom of the system. The model successfully reproduces the change in regimes of boiling from nucleate boiling to film boiling with the increase of the heat source temperature. We present the pool boiling curve by the model, whose general behavior is consistent with those observed in experiments of pool boiling.     

A fractal study for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids

In this paper, a fractal model for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids is developed based on the fractal distribution of nanoparticles and nucleation sites on boiling surfaces. The model shows the dependences of the heat flux on nanoparticle size and the nanoparticle volume fraction of the suspension, the fractal dimension of the nanoparticle and nucleation site, temperature of nanofluids and properties of fluids. The fractal model predictions show that the natural convection stage continues r...     

液氮流动沸腾换热研究综述

作为一种优良的低温冷却剂,液氮在航天、电子工业、超导磁体和超导电缆冷却及低温生物医疗等领域应用广泛。在这些应用中,准确预测液氮的流动沸腾换热特性对于系统设计和安全运行十分重要。该文主要介绍了液氮流动沸腾换热的特点,对已有的实验和数值模拟结果进行了归纳;并比较了四个液氮流动沸腾换热计算关联式的预测情况,以及关联式中干度、质量流量、热流密度和压力对换热系数的影响;指出了有待进一步研究的课题。     

Accurate prediction of the critical heat flux for pool boiling on the heater substrate

While the influence of liquid qualities, surface morphology, and operating circumstances on critical heat flux (CHF) in pool boiling has been extensively studied, the effect of the heater substrate has not. Based on the force balance analysis, a theoretical model has been developed to accurately predict the CHF in pool boiling on a heater substrate. An analytical expression for the CHF of a heater substrate is obtained in terms of the surface thermophysical property. It is indicated that the ratio of thermal conductivity (k) to the product of density (ρ) and specific heat (c_p) is an essential substrate property that influences the CHF. By modifying the well-known force-balance-based CHF model (Kandlikar model), the thermal characteristics of the substrate are taken into consideration. The bias of predicted CHF values are within 5% compared with the experimental results.     

低温冷风技术在滚齿加工中的应用研究

以YK3610数控滚齿机为平台,对低温冷风切削技术在滚齿中的应用进行了试验研究。研究中以得到较好的工件齿面粗糙度为考察指标,运用正交试验法进行了试验方案设计,试验结果表明:冷风温度的大小和有无微量润滑对指标的影响较显著,并通过验证试验做了进一步分析。另外,冷风切削时的刀具磨损情况也得到了改善。