基于六光子量子避错码的量子密钥分发方案

量子信道中不可避免存在的噪声将扭曲被传输的信息,对通信造成危害。目前克服量子信道噪声的较好方案是量子避错码（QEAC）。将量子避错码思想用于量子密钥分发,能有效克服信道中的噪声,且无需复杂的系统。用六光子构造了量子避错码,提出了一种丛于六光子避错码的量子密钥分发（QDK）方案。以提高量子密钥分发的量子比特效率和安全性为前提,对六光子避错码的所有可能态进行组合,得到一种六光子避错码的最优组合方法,可将两比特信息编码在一个态中,根据测肇结果和分组信息进行解码,得到正确信息的平均概率为7／16。与最近的基于四光子避错码的克服量子信道噪声的量子密钥分发方案相比,该方案的量子比特效率提高了16．67％,密钥分发安全性足它的3．5倍。     

基于光量子态避错及容错传输的量子通信

量子通信以量子态为信息载体在远距离的通信各方之间传递信息,因此量子态的传输和远距离共享是量子通信的首要步骤.信道噪声不仅会影响通信效率还可能被窃听者利用从而威胁通信安全,对抗信道噪声是实现安全高效量子通信亟需解决的问题.本文介绍基于光量子态的两类对抗信道噪声的实用方法——量子态的避错传输和容错的量子通信,包括对抗噪声的基本原理和两种方法的代表性方案,并从资源消耗和可操作性的角度分析了方案的实用价值.     

量子环中量子比特的消相干时间

在量子环中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的情况下,通过求解能量本征方程,得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及其波函数,进而以电子-声子体系的基态与第一激发态构造一个量子比特.结果讨论了消相干时间与耦合强度,色散系数以及量子环内径、外径的变化关系.     

库仑势对抛物量子点量子比特消相干的影响

采用Pekar类型的变分方法,在电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下,计算得出了抛物量子点中电子的基态能量和第一激发态能量及其相应的本征波函数.量子点中这样的二能级体系可以作为一个量子比特.由于声子的自发辐射,造成量子比特的消相干,讨论了消相干时间与库仑结合参数,耦合强度,受限长度,色散系数的变化关系. 关键词： 量子点 量子比特 量子信息 消相干     

在任意温度的热库中量子位的消相干

本文在Markov 近似下推导了在任意温度的热库中,一个量子位(qubit)的主方程,并由此讨论了由于振幅阻尼而引起的量子位消相干(decoherence). 结论表明量子位的跃迁频率与热库的特征频率及截止频率的关系对消相干有明显的影响。     

基于核磁共振的子空间量子过程重构

基于三核自旋量子系统实现了内嵌两量子位子空间量子过程重构.通过输入完备态集合对执行的量子过程进行了表征.由于量子过程内嵌于子空间,使得重构实验所需输入次数及时间显著减少,同时实验尽量避免使用时间较长的J偶合演化,有效控制了系统的退相干。     

基于单光子态自避错传输的量子安全直接通信协议

量子安全直接通信(Quantum secure direct communication,QSDC)是一种预先不需要建立共享秘钥而直接传输秘密信息的协议.针对信道中联合噪声的存在,提出一种基于单光子态自避错传输的量子安全直接通信协议.研究结果表明,该方案有效地避免了联合噪声对传输信息的影响,使接收方得到原未知量子态的成功率可趋近于100％,大大提高了量子态传输的保真度.该方案实验操作简单,有很高的学术研究和应用价值.     

环境对磁通量子比特消相干的影响及对策研究

从经典电路理论出发,得到了磁通偏置超导电路的Bloch-Redfield方程,并在二能级近似下,讨论了不同的环境阻抗及耦合效应对磁通量子比特消相干的影响.结果发现:在一定条件下,消相干时间随耦合强度的增加而减小;环境阻抗为纯电阻时,消相干时间随电阻的增加而增加.环境阻抗由RC电路构成时,不同的电路元件对消相干时间的影响不同.     

几类相干态的量子保真度

在坐标表象下,研究了几类相干态的量子保真度,对于相干态,我们给出了量子保真度的解析表达式,考查了谐振子特征长度 ,平移距离 对保真度的影响;对于相干态 与 的叠加态,考查了初态量子干涉对量子保真度的影响,结论表明：量子保真度呈周期性;与相干态的量子保真度比较而言,当谐振子处于第二类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,当谐振子处于第三类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,也可能加大量子态失真.     

Quantum computation and error correction based on continuous variable cluster states

Measurement-based quantum computation with continuous variables, which realizes computation by performing measurement and feedforward of measurement results on a large scale Gaussian cluster state, provides a feasible way to implement quantum computation. Quantum error correction is an essential procedure to protect quantum information in quantum computation and quantum communication. In this review, we briefly introduce the progress of measurement-based quantum computation and quantum error correction with continuous variables based on Gaussian cluster states. We also discuss the challenges in the fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation with continuous variables.     

Low-overhead fault-tolerant error correction scheme based on quantum stabilizer codes

Fault-tolerant error-correction (FTEC) circuit is the foundation for achieving reliable quantum computation and remote communication. However, designing a fault-tolerant error correction scheme with a solid error-correction ability and low overhead remains a significant challenge. In this paper, a low-overhead fault-tolerant error correction scheme is proposed for quantum communication systems. Firstly, syndrome ancillas are prepared into Bell states to detect errors caused by channel noise. We propose a detection approach that reduces the propagation path of quantum gate fault and reduces the circuit depth by splitting the stabilizer generator into X-type and Z-type. Additionally, a syndrome extraction circuit is equipped with two flag qubits to detect quantum gate faults, which may also introduce errors into the code block during the error detection process. Finally, analytical results are provided to demonstrate the fault-tolerant performance of the proposed FTEC scheme with the lower overhead of the ancillary qubits and circuit depth.     

超导量子计算系统中的容错技术

随着超导系统中的量子控制技术日益成熟,量子纠错技术也在不断发展。最近,已有一些平台实现了超越量子纠错盈亏平衡点的里程碑式突破。然而,要实现最终目标——容错量子计算,仍需要拓展系统的维度并进一步压制噪声。文章以超导量子系统为例,首先介绍了四种实现容错错误症状测量的思路;以此为基础,讨论了实现容错量子计算的三个关键阶段以及各阶段所面临的挑战,包括超越盈亏平衡点、达到容错阈值和实现完备逻辑门操作。为了实现这些目标,将按照连通性从低到高归纳三种可能的拓展系统规模的方案。此外,还总结了实验上纠错技术的进展以及对连通性的探索,最后讨论当前关键的研究问题。     

Quantum algorithms and the genetic code

Replication of DNA and synthesis of proteins are studied from the view-point of quantum database search. Identification of a base-pairing with a quantum query gives a natural (and first ever!) explanation of why living organisms have 4 nucleotide bases and 20 amino acids. It is amazing that these numbers arise as solutions to an optimisation problem. Components of the DNA structure which implement Grover’s algorithm are identified, and a physical scenario is presented for the execution of the quantum algorithm. It is proposed that enzymes play a crucial role in maintaining quantum coherence of the process. Experimental tests that can verify this scenario are pointed out.     

Quantum secret sharing based on quantum error-correcting codes

Quantum secret sharing(QSS) is a procedure of sharing classical information or quantum information by using quantum states.This paper presents how to use a [2k-1,1,k] quantum error-correcting code(QECC) to implement a quantum(k,2k 1) threshold scheme.It also takes advantage of classical enhancement of the [2k-1,1,k] QECC to establish a QSS scheme which can share classical information and quantum information simultaneously.Because information is encoded into QECC,these schemes can prevent intercept-resend attacks and be implemented on some noisy channels.     

Protecting Quantum State in Time‐Dependent Decoherence‐Free Subspaces Without the Rotating‐Wave Approximation

In this paper, we propose a scheme to protect quantum state by utilizing the time‐dependent decoherence‐free subspaces (TDFSs) theory without the rotating‐wave approximation (RWA). A coherent control is designed to drive the quantum system into the TDFSs, moreover, the singularities of the designed coherent control can be avoided by appropriately choosing the control parameters. From an experimental view point, the influences of variations of the control parameters and the imperfect initial state are discussed in detail. Numerical simulations confirm that the scheme can protect the quantum information from both the environmental decoherence and the control errors. In addition, by comparing with the scheme employing RWA, we show that the weak coherent control field is not suitable to create the TDFS, the counter‐rotating terms in the strong coherent control are helpful to protect the quantum information.     

Quantum repeaters based on CNOT gate under decoherence

In this paper, we study single-qubit and single-user quantum repeaters based on CNOT gates under decoherence using the Kraus-operator representations of decoherence. We investigate the influence of decoherence on the information-disturbance trade-off of quantum repeaters. It is found that decoherence may lead to the appearance of three subspaces, called as the normal subspace, the anomalous subspace, and the decoherence-free subspace (DFS), respectively. It is indicated that in the normal subspace decoherence decreases the transmission and estimation fidelities, in the anomalous subspace decoherence enhances these fidelities, and in the DFS these fidelities do not change. The concept of the quality factor is introduced to evaluate the quality of the quantum repeater. It is indicated that the quality factor can be efficiently controlled and manipulated by changing the initial state of the probe qubit. It is found that under certain conditions the quantum repeater can be optimal even in the presence of decoherence.      

Determination of quantum toric error correction code threshold using convolutional neural network decoders

Quantum error correction technology is an important solution to solve the noise interference generated during the operation of quantum computers.In order to find the best syndrome of the stabilizer code in quantum error correction,we need to find a fast and close to the optimal threshold decoder.In this work,we build a convolutional neural network(CNN)decoder to correct errors in the toric code based on the system research of machine learning.We analyze and optimize various conditions that affect CNN,and use the RestNet network architecture to reduce the running time.It is shortened by 30%-40%,and we finally design an optimized algorithm for CNN decoder.In this way,the threshold accuracy of the neural network decoder is made to reach 10.8%,which is closer to the optimal threshold of about 11%.The previous threshold of 8.9%-10.3%has been slightly improved,and there is no need to verify the basic noise.     

一种基于标记单光子源的态制备误差容忍量子密钥分发协议

在实际量子密钥分发系统中,由于设备、器件存在缺陷,在量子态制备过程中往往存在误差,而这些态制备误差会导致一定的系统安全性漏洞.本文在Tamaki等(Phys. Rev.A 90 052314)的工作基础之上,提出了一种基于标记单光子源的态制备误差容忍量子密钥分发协议.本文将发送端制备态误差进行参数刻画并带入量子密钥协议安全性分析之中,避免了实际应用中由于态制备装置的不理想可能引入的安全性漏洞,提高了系统的安全性.同时,为了方便起见,本文采用三强度诱骗态方案开展建模分析与数值仿真计算.仿真结果显示,本文提出的协议对态制备误差具有很好的鲁棒性.同时,由于标记单光子源具有真空脉冲概率低的优点,与此前基于弱相干态脉冲的同类协议相比,我们的协议在传输距离较远时能够显示出更优的性能.因而,该工作有望为未来发展长距离量子保密通信应用与研究提供重要的参考价值.