Theoretical performance of an absorption heat pump using ammonia-water-potassium hydroxide solution

A new absorption heat pump, using a mixture of three elements (ammonia-water-potassium hydroxide), is presented in this paper. The principal aim of the proposed machine is to solve practical problems which represent the most critical points of a traditional heat pump using ammonia-water system, i.e. high pressure and rectification of ammonia. For this new system, the general working scheme, the thermodynamic design data, its performance as a heat pump machine and a comparison with the ammonia-water absorption heat pump are presented. The research activity concerning this work has been supported by ENEA (Italy).     

回热对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能影响的实验研究

本文实验研究了回热器的回热率对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能的影响。结果表明:在一定压缩机频率下,随着排气压力的升高,系统制热量和COPh都存在最大值,并分别存在对应最大制热量和最大COPh的最优排气压力;在25Hz压缩机频率下,系统在低排气压力下运行时,引入回热器才能提高系统COPh,且引入回热器可在较低排气压力下,获得更高的系统COPh;在一定压缩机频率下,系统分别存在最大制热量、最高出水温度和最大COPh对应的最优回热率.在本实验条件下,如果以系统获得最大COPh为设计目标,系统回热率取15%左右为宜;如果以系统获得最高出水温度为设计目标,系统回热率取5%左右为宜。     

Optimal analysis of primary performance parameters for an endoreversible absorption heat pump

The cycle model of a heat-engine-driven heat pump is used to study the performance of an absorption heat pump affected by heat resistances. The coefficient of performance of the absorption heat pump is adopted to be the objective function for optimization. The optimal regions of the coefficient of performance and the specific heating load are determined. The optimal relations between the heat transfer areas of the four heat exchangers involved and the coefficient of performance, or the specific heating load of an absorption heat pump, are obtained. Problems concerning the optimal design of an absorption heat pump are also discussed.     

正、反向两源热力循环有限时间热力学性能优化的研究进展

有限时间热力学所得结果具有普适性,其研究结果已成为热物理学的一个重要基础.许多学者利用有限时间热力学方法对单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型进行了大量研究,获得了一些比经典热力学对于工程设计和优化更具有实际指导意义的新结论.综述了利用有限时间热力学理论对不同传热规律下单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型研究的最新进展,包括不同传热规律下内可逆和不可逆卡诺热机、制冷机和热泵循环的最优性能研究进展,两热源热机、制冷和热泵循环最优构型及多级复杂热力系统最优构型研究进展.     

Fundamental optimal relation of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump with complex heat transfer law

The fundamental optimal relation between heating load and coefficient of performance (COP) of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump is derived based on a new generalized heat transfer law, which includes the generalized convective heat transfer law and generalized radiative heat transfer law, q ∝ (ΔT ⁿ ) ^m . The generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump model incorporates several internal and external irreversibilities, such as heat resistance, bypass heat leakage, friction, turbulence and other undesirable irreversibility factors. The added irreversibilities besides heat resistance are characterized by a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The effects of heat transfer laws and various loss terms are analysed. The heating load vs. COP characteristic of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump is a parabolic-like curve, which is consistent with the experimental result of thermoelectric heat pump. The obtained results include those obtained in many literatures and indicated that the analysis results of the generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump were more suitable for engineering practice than those of the endoreversible Carnot heat pump.     

泵驱动两相系统流动稳定性的时域理论研究

蒸汽发生器中可能出现的两相流不稳定现象会导致二回路流量、压力和温度的脉动,不仅干扰控制系统,还可能引起传热管热疲劳损坏.首先,采用集总参数法和小扰动线性化方法,建立了由泵驱动的两相系统的时域理论模型.然后对比分析了泵驱动边界条件和恒定压降边界条件,以及泵特性曲线的斜率对系统稳定性的影响.结果 表明,随着泵特性曲线斜率绝...     

耦合高压斯特林制冷效应的复合磁制冷循环的数值模拟

本文借助计算流体力学软件, 对复合磁制冷机进行整机数值模拟分析. 以复合磁制冷机为建模原形, 分别计算了主动式磁制冷循环以及复合磁制冷循环. 利用模型计算分析了利用系数, 工作频率对主动式磁制冷的制冷效果影响, 同时模拟计算了不同相位角、不同频率下的复合磁制冷机的制冷效果, 计算得到适合复合磁制冷循环的最佳匹配相位角. 模拟计算结果对后续实验台的设计搭建有很好的指导作用.     

基于大基模体积的10mJ飞秒钛宝石激光再生放大器

文章报导了基于大基模体积的高能量飞秒钛宝石激光再生放大器的设计与实验研究,在重复频率10 Hz、抽运能量60 mJ的激励下,得到了单脉冲能量17.4 mJ的种子脉冲放大结果,压缩后的脉冲宽度为40.6 fs,能量为13.9 mJ.借助于此大基模体积再生腔,仅增加一级多通放大,实现了峰值功率达1.9 TW飞秒激光脉冲输出.结果表明,大模体积再生放大不仅降低了后续放大对抽运能量的要求,也可以单独压缩实现再生腔直接输出10 mJ量级的飞秒激光脉冲,是大能量高峰值功率飞秒激光系统的优质前端.     

Optimal choice of the performance parameters of an absorption heat transformer

The optimal performance of an absorption heat transformer, i.e. a type II absorption heat pump, is investigated by using the cyclic model with continuous flow. The effect of thermal resistances between the heat transformer and the heat reservoirs is considered in the model. A general expression related to the rate of heat-pumping, the coefficient of performance and the overall heat transfer area of the heat transformer is derived. The expression is used to optimise the main performance parameters of the heat transformer. The maximum rate of heat-pumping and the corresponding coefficient of performance are calculated. For a given overall heat transfer area of the heat transformer, the optimal relation of the heat transfer areas of the heat exchangers is obtained. The problems concerning the optimal choices of other performance parameters are discussed. The results obtained here can not only enrich the theory of finite time thermodynamics, but also provide some new theoretical bases for the optimal design and operation of real absorption heat transformers.     

Square wave analysis of the solid-vapor adsorption heat pump

A thermally driven heat pump using a solid/vapor adsorption/desorption compression process in a vapor compression cycle is thermodynamically analyzed. The cycle utilizes a simple heat transfer fluid circulating loop for heating and cooling two solid adsorbent beds. This heat transfer fluid loop also serves to transmit heat recovered from the adsorbing bed being cooled to the desorbing bed being heated. This heat recovery process greatly improves the efficiency of the single stage solid/vapor adsorption process without the complication of a two stage cycle. During the heating and cooling processes a thermal wave profile travels through the beds. This paper uses a square wave representation for the true shape of the thermal wave. However, this square wave is assumed to stop short of the bed ends to account for realistic finite waveforms. The square wave model is integrated into a thermodynamic cycle which provides detailed information on the performance of the beds as well as the COP and the heating and cooling outputs of the heat pump system. Significant cycle design and operating parameters are varied to determine their effect on cycle performance.     

Absorption heat-pump regeneration in a rankine steam cycle

This paper presents a system of regenerative heating incorporating an absorption heat pump in a Rankine steam cycle which can improve cycle efficiency. A simulation has been performed to estimate the Rankine cycle efficiency in the proposed Absorption Heat Pump Regeneration (AHPRG) heating system using the working pair R21³-DMETEG. The results show that the cycle efficiency can be improved considerably without reducing the work output by the incorporation of AHPRG for low-temperature heating of steam condensate. Further, the temperature of the heat-pump evaporator which absorbs the heat rejected at the steam condenser plays a predominant role in the cycle efficiency.     

三效吸收制冷循环的性能分析和优化

本文建立了使用溴化锂溶液作为工质的三种流程的三级三效吸收制冷循环模型,进行了性能比较计算,结果表明并联流程循环的性能系数ＣＯＰ最高;同时本文进一步对并联流程和串联流程的三效吸收制冷循环分别进行了关于溶液分配率和总体热交换面积分配率的优化计算,得到了不同设计工况时面积分配率与ＣＯＰ的关系,为三效吸收循环的最优设计提供了理论依据。     

地源热泵的运行特性模拟研究

依据圆柱源理论,建立起了耦合地面热泵机组和地下埋管换热器特性的模拟模型,该模型可用于长期运行的地源热泵系统的短时间步长运行特性模拟。探讨了模拟过程中有关参数的确定方法,并运用所建模型对地源热泵的冬季和夏季运行特性进行了模拟。运行特性模拟与实验数据的验证结果表明,所建模型可以对地源热泵的运行特性做出符合实际的预测。     

吸附式热泵吸附床吸附解吸量对系统运行过程的影响

在吸附式热泵中,吸附床传热能力的限制,使得系统的运行过程受到了吸附床解吸吸附量的影响．本文通过对实验数据的分析,定性地了解了系统运行ｐ－ｔ－ｘ。图与吸附床解吸吸附量之间,吸附床的升降温曲线与吸附床解吸吸附量之间的关系．为系统运行中如何判断吸附解吸过程所进行的程度提供依据,同时也为系统循环周期与循环过程的优化创造条件。     

Thermodynamic analysis data on vapour absorption heat pump working on R22-DMETEG pair

A thermodynamic analysis of the vapour absorption heat pump working on R22-DMETEG pair is made and the results are presented in the form of graphs and correlations. These data can be used to estimate the idealised system performance parameters such as heat quantities, flow rates, pump work, COP and second law efficiency. The procedure for using the data for above computations is described.     

气泡泵在冷态试验下的性能研究

搭建气泡输入式冷态试验系统,以常压饱和水为工质,均匀输入空气形成连续气泡用于模拟气泡泵运行系统,对气泡泵的性能进行研究。其实验结果与在加热状态下气泡泵的性能相比较,综合分析气体输入量(可转换成加热量)、沉浸比等对气泡泵性能的影响,提出产生此结果的原因。     

层流场协同方程的验证及其性质

在粘性耗散一定的条件下,以热量传递势容耗散取得极值为优化目标,利用变分方法可以导出稳态层流对流换热的场协同方程。场协同方程的意义在于能够求解一定边界条件所对应的最佳速度场,从而实现最优的传热效果。本文采用二维方腔内空气的层流对流换热模型,通过将最佳速度场与其它流场的换热结果进行比较,初步验证了场协同方程的正确性,并对场协同方程的优化过程和原理进行了深入的分析。     

混合工质高温水源热泵计算机模拟

针对高温混合工质热水热泵,本文提出了纯质及混合工质的热泵模拟程序;本程序详细考虑了混合工质纯传递特性对换热的影响,在只输入热泵系统结构参数以及外部换热参数的条件下,应用本程序能进行热泵系统冷热水温度、换热器温度场、制冷制热量及系统的性能参数计算。     

对流换热过程的热力学优化与传热优化

为了进一步明确对流换热过程中热力学优化与传热优化之间的差异,本文分别利用熵产最小原理、(火积)耗散极值原理针对两种边界条件下的对流换热问题进行分析,讨论熵产,(火积)耗散与有用能损失以及对流换热能力之间的关系.结果表明:熵产最小意味着系统的有用能损失最小,但并不反映系统的对流换热能力的强弱;而(火积)耗散取极值意味着系统的对流换热能力最强,但与系统的有用能损失不存在对应关系.因此,对于将降低有用能损失作为优化目标的换热问题应采用熵产最小原理进行分析;而对于需要将提高换热能力作为优化目标的对流换热问题应采用(火积)耗散极值原理进行分析.     

Winter performance of residential heat pump

This paper deals with the effect of a snowcover on the coefficient of performance (COP) of a residential heat pump with a single layer ground heat exchanger for maritime climatic conditions (Fredericton, NB, Canada). A computer program was used to simulate a snowcover and heat and moisture transfer in the ground. Results obtained show that an increased thickness of a snowcover may evoke an increase of the COP of the ground heat pump system. Noticeable changes of the COP are observed within a snow-depth range from 0 to 10 cm. A further increase in snow depth does not significantly improve the COP which hereafter appears to be independent on a depth of a horizontal ground heat exchanger.