一种稀布矩形平面阵的多约束优化方法

针对矩形孔径平面稀布阵的多约束优化问题(包括阵元数、阵列孔径和最小阵元间距约束), 提出了一种基于矩阵映射的差分进化算法.该方法把差分进化算法的优化变量与阵元位置坐标按照特定的关系进行矩阵映射, 使含有多约束的阵元分布优化问题转换为仅含差分进化算法优化变量上、下限约束的优化问题, 从根本上避免了进化过程中的不可行解.通过抑制阵列峰值副瓣电平进行仿真实验, 结果显示了该算法的高效性和稳健性, 且能获得比现有方法更好的优化结果.     

A novel wideband fractal-shaped MIMO antenna for brain and skin implantable biomedical applications

A novel fractal-shaped wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for brain and skin implantable applications. This antenna works in the 2.4–2.48 GHz band of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) standards. The fractal-shaped wideband MIMO antenna is miniature in size with a footprint of $0.13\mathrm{\lambda }\times 0.06\mathrm{\lambda }\times 0.01\mathrm{\lambda }$. Rogers RT/Duroid 6010 high-dielectric substrate material is used to fabricate the optimized design in order to validate the implantable MIMO antenna structure. The same high-permittivity substrate material has been used as a superstrate. Experiments were carried out in brain and skin-mimicking gel at 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of −21.3 dBi at 2.45 GHz. High isolation (>20 dB) between two MIMO ports is attained. The proposed antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 36.76% and an impedance bandwidth of 1.02 GHz. According to IEEE safety regulations for 1- and 10-g tissues, the computed maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) is safe bound.     

一种空气同轴馈电的X波段低副瓣阵列天线

设计了一种应用于雷达系统中的低成本低副瓣阵列天线, 该天线阵包含256个辐射单元, 由四个64单元的子阵组成, 采用波导合成网络进行功率合成.天线单元采用空气同轴馈电的角锥喇叭, 空气同轴馈线内外导体呈方型结构, 其终端为短路馈电方式, 实现了内导体的自支撑设计和较低的传输损耗, 并依据综合幅度分布采用若干数量的不等功分器进行低副瓣设计.测试结果表明, 小于2的驻波带宽为0.5 GHz, 相对带宽为7.5%.另外, 中心频率的增益为30 dB, 增益大于29.5 dB的带宽为0.2 GHz, E面和H面的旁瓣电平为28.5 dB和29 dB.     

一种双扼流槽双极化低旁瓣阵列天线

设计了一种新型低副瓣双极化阵列天线,阵列单元采用角锥喇叭,利用探针分层正交馈电实现双极化辐射,利用双扼流槽解决了宽波束降旁瓣的难题.在阵列馈电设计中,利用空气同轴线网络实现泰勒加权降旁瓣设计,同时,利用反相馈电技术改善了极化隔离度和交叉极化.实测结果表明：在工作频带9.5 GHz±500 MHz,回波损耗小于-10 dB,俯仰面、方位面方向图旁瓣电平小于-16 dB,极化端口隔离度小于-30 dB,交叉极化电平小于-35 dB.     

基片集成波导缝隙稀疏阵天线的设计

提出并分析了两类基于基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)的缝隙稀疏阵列天线.减少缝隙单元的数目,对于(基片集成)波导缝隙阵列天线具有重要的意义,可以简化设计、展宽带宽、降低加工工艺要求等.阵列天线稀疏化明显降低了缝隙单元间的互耦,使得低副瓣天线的设计更容易.全波仿真结果有效验证了设计的正确性和有效性.     

一种采用组合陷波结构的新型超宽带平面天线

首先提出了一种小型平面超宽带天线的设计。天线采用FR4印刷电路板制作,由共面 的叉形辐射单元和多边形缝隙构成,整体尺寸为30 mm×28 mm×0.8 mm。采用 HFSS软件对天线进行了优化设计和参数分析。然后,通过在叉形辐射单元增加微带开路枝节 并且在地板开一对倒L形细裂缝的办法,设计了组合陷波结构的超宽带天线。实验表明：组 合陷波结构天线在51～5.9 GHz阻带内,回波损耗的最大值达-1.5 dB,与常规的 单陷波结构超宽带平面天线相比较,其回波损耗频率曲线更为陡峭,从而能更有效地提高 超宽带通信系统抑制无线局域网设备所带来干扰的能力。     

阵列天线的波束扫描与衰减特性

由电磁场理论给出了线元天线阵列波束扫描的解析公式，并由该解析公式得到阵列天线波束扫描的数字结果，然后用光栅方程对所得数字结果作了理论分析，得到以下结论：(1)阵列天线扫描问题可以由光栅方程进行简洁分析；(2)波束能量极大值与阵列天线元数目的四次方成正比；(3)通过适当馈电时间延迟，可以控制波束扫描范围；(4)扫描的角范围依赖所给的半角度宽度要求。     

具备阻抗和低副瓣宽带特性的脊波导缝隙阵列天线设计

设计了一种16×8脊波导缝隙阵列天线,线阵阵面分成两个子阵,馈电采用同轴馈电与耦合缝隙馈电结合的两级馈电方式,辐射缝隙分布为泰勒分布。天线设计采用近场诊断方法和阻抗过载技术进行优化。天线实物加工测试结果表明,天线在X频段驻波带宽(VSWR≤1.5)为7.3%,最低副瓣达到-25.8 dB,副瓣电平带宽(SLL≤-19 dB)为6.2%。与已有文献相比,该天线同时具备阻抗宽带特性和低副瓣宽带特性,工作频带内具有增益均大于16 dBi的高增益特性。     

Polynomial approximated phase-only multiple sector beam patterns of linear antenna arrays with pre-fixed amplitude distribution using real-valued genetic algorithms

In this paper, the authors present second degree polynomial approximated phase-only synthesis of two different types of symmetric sector or flat-top beams of equally spaced linear antenna arrays of isotropic radiators with single pre-fixed cosine on a pedestal amplitude distributions using real-coded or real-valued genetic algorithm. This gives a regular shape to the phase distributions of the radiators. Regular shape phase distributions result in simpler feed network design compared to irregular shape phase distributions. A good agreement between desired and synthesized pattern using genetic algorithm (GA) is reported.     

一种低剖面宽带二维宽角扫描圆极化阵列天线

针对现有圆极化平面阵列的扫描角受限和三维宽角扫描阵列体积大的问题,设计了一种基于阵因子方向图和单元因子方向图互补的低剖面宽角扫描圆极化阵列天线.该阵列单元采用新型圆极化正交偶极子天线,并由其组成多个圆环子阵,每一子阵内单元的法向均偏离阵列法向一个固定倾角并等间距排布在"涟漪"状金属地板上.这种阵列排布方式使得在主波束扫描至大角度时天线单元因子增益可以补偿阵因子的增益下降.设计的一个64元阵列天线的实测结果表明:在8~9 GHz工作带宽内,且波束扫描覆盖0°~±62°,各阵元的有源驻波比均小于2.1,中心频点扫描增益起伏小于1.71 dB,扫描波束的圆极化轴比小于2 dB.     

一种用于降水预测的新型双线阵PIN光电探测器

本文提出了一种新型的可用于测量云粒子直径和间距的双线阵PIN光电探测器。器件的敏感单元为PIN光电二极管。单个芯片拥有128个光电二极管,每排64个,芯片大小为10mm×8mm。本文首先详细介绍了器件的设计,工艺制作以及器件封装。其次利用红色激光器系统的测试了封装后的芯片的光电流。最后利用此器件成功的测试了一滴水滴的直径和两水滴间的间距。此器件可测试的最小云粒子直径为100μm。结果显示,水滴直径约为1200μm,两滴水之间的间距也被测量,大小约为3.159m,测量精度完全满足应用要求。利用此原理,此器件将有效的用于降水预测。     

基于肖特基二极管的宽带低本振功率太赫兹四次谐波混频器

介绍了基于反向并联肖特基二极管的宽带低驱动功率太赫兹四次谐波混频器。详细地分析了二极管寄生参量与混频器性能间的关系。为了降低四次谐波混频器的最佳本振功率,对肖特基二极管的主要参数进行了优化。实际测试结果显示,在 7 mW 的最佳本振功率驱动下,该四次谐波混频器在 340 - 490 GHz的宽带内,变频损耗在 14.2 - 20 dB 之间。同时,该频段内的混频器噪声温度为 4020 ~ 17100 K。     

Synthesis of flat-top beam pattern of linear antenna arrays with restricted side lobe level,VSWR and independent nulls using Flower Pollination algorithm

Inspired by the biological evolution and the natural selection, evolutionary algorithms have already shown their success in obtaining the solutions for many complex optimisation problems. The aim of this paper is to study the performance of Flower Pollination algorithm for the synthesis of the flat-top beam pattern in linear antenna arrays with restrictions on the peak side lobe level, ripple in the flat-top portion, and maximum Voltage Standing Wave Ratio along with the two independent nulls. Mutual coupling is considered between the parallel dipole antennas. This synthesis is obtained by the generation of current amplitudes with binary phase shifters of 0 and 180 degrees for the antenna elements. Matlab software is used for the simulations. The values of the different antenna parameters as well as the statistical parameters such as the global best fitness value, worst fitness value, mean and standard deviation from the optimisation process generated by the simulations are obtained. Two examples are presented in this paper with different number of antenna elements. The obtained results show the superiority of the Flower Pollination algorithm over Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm. Moreover, the results obtained from simulations are validated by using FEKO software.     

一种低功耗宽频带LDO线性稳压电路设计

设计了一种用HHNEC0.35μmBCD工艺实现的LDO线性稳压器,该LDO是一款低功耗,带宽大的低压差线性稳压器。对其结构和工作原理进行分析,讨论了关键电路的设计,模拟结果验证了设计的正确性。     

一种分高低压供电的低压差线性稳压器的设计

针对传统低压供电的低压差线性稳压器线性响应比较慢的情况,提出了一种基于BICMOS 0.5μm工艺分高低压供电的低压差线性稳压器。经过Hspice仿真验证,该稳压器具有高增益、高PSRR（Power Supply Rejection Ratio,电源抑制比）、低功耗、响应速度快的特点,输入电压范围为0.5~28.0 V,输出电压为5 V。此稳定器低频时的开环增益达到86 dB,相位裕度为68o,低频时的电源电压抑制比为–91 dB,高频时也能达到–2 dB,静态电流只有13.5μA。     

一种新型Ku频段宽带高增益双极化微带天线阵列

介绍了一种新型的Ku频段宽带高增益双极化微带贴片单元及96元阵列的设计。设计中单元采用层叠贴片天线结构,提高了单元的带宽和增益,两个极化端口采用分层馈电,其中水平极化端口采用共面馈电,垂直极化端口采用探针背馈。在馈电网络的设计中引入反向馈电技术,降低了交叉极化。仿真与实测结果表明：该阵列增益达到了26 dBi,口径效率约为51%,交叉极化电平小于-30 dB,水平极化端口相对阻抗带宽达11.3%,垂直极化端口相对阻抗带宽达13.7%,两端口隔离度高于40 dB.     

一款具有低相噪，宽调频范围和高线性度的压控晶体振荡器芯片

本文实现了一款带有LVCMOS和LVPECL输出的压控晶体振荡器芯片(VCXO-IC),具有低相噪,宽调节范围和高线性度等特点。通过采用一种新颖的差分倍频Colpitts振荡器来得到低噪声的2倍频输出;宽调节范围和高线性度通过采用MOS变容管阵列来实现。测试结果表明,当采用AT切40MHz晶体时,该芯片在1kHz处的相位噪声达到-135dBc/Hz,频率调节范围达到 /- 130ppm,且线性度小于5%。该芯片采用Chartered 0.35μm CMOS 2P3M工艺,芯片总面积为2.4 mm2。     

A 4.2-5 GHz, low phase noise LC-VCO with constant bandwidth and small tuning gain

range is from 4.2 to 5 GHz and the tuning gain is 8-10 MHz/V. The VCO draws 4 mA from a 1.5 V supply voltage.     

A 4.2-5 GHz,low phase noise LC-VCO with constant bandwidth and small tuning gain

As the tuning frequency of an integrated LC-voltage controlled oscillator （LC-VCO） increases, it is difficult to co-design the active negative resistance core and the varactor to achieve wideband frequency range, low phase noise, constant bandwidth and small tuning gain together. The presented VCO solves the problem by designing a set of changeable varactor units. The whole VCO was implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process. The measured result shows -120 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset. The measured tuning range is from 4.2 to 5 GHz and the tuning gain is 8-10 MHz/V. The VCO draws 4 mA from a 1.5 V supply voltage.