Topology of the Semigroup of Singular Endomorphisms

The topological interpretations of some of the algebraic properties of the semigroup Sn of singular endomorphisms of an n-dimensional vector space over K are discussed here. Since Sn is known to be an idempotent generated regular semigroup, we pay more attention to the topological properties of the set En of idempotents in Sn. The local structure of En is shown to be that of a C^infinity-manifold and of a finite-dimensional vector bundle over the Grassmann manifolds. The topology of the biorder relations and sandwich sets are also discussed.     

Minimal and Maximal Semigroups Related to Causal Symmetric Spaces

Let G/H be an irreducible globally hyperbolic semisimple symmetric space, and let S ³ G be a subsemigroup containing H not isolated in S. We show that if S^o p 0 then there are H-invariant minimal and maximal cones Cmin ³ Cmax in the tangent space at the origin such that H exp Cmin ³ S ³ HZK(a)expCmax. A double coset decomposition of the group G in terms of Cartan subspaces and the group H is proved. We also discuss the case where G/H is of Cayley type.     

The Semigroup of Hall Matrices over Distributive Lattices

In this paper, the semigroup Hn(L) of Hall matrices over a complete and completely distributive lattice L is studied. A Hall matrix is a matrix which is greater (for the order associated with the lattice structure) than an invertible matrix. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for a Hall matrix to be regular in the semigroup Hn(L) are given and Green's relations of the semigroup Hn(L) are described. Also, the sandwich semigroup of Hall matrices over the lattice L is studied.     

Minimal Presentations and Efficiency of Semigroups

A finite semigroup S is said to be efficient if it can be defined by a presentation (A | R) with |R| -|A|=rank(H2(S)). In this paper we demonstrate certain infinite classes of both efficient and inefficient semigroups. Thus, finite abelian groups, dihedral groups D2n with n even, and finite rectangular bands are efficient semigroups. By way of contrast we show that finite zero semigroups and free semilattices are never efficient. These results are compared with some well-known results on the efficiency of groups.     

Centralizers and Central Idempotents of Semigroup Rings

. Let A be a nonempty subset of an associative ring R . Call the subring CR(A)={r] R\mid ra=ar \quadfor all\quad a] A} of R the centralizer of A in R . Let S be a semigroup. Then the subsemigroup S'= {s] S\mid sa=sb \quador\quad as=bs \quadimplies\quad a=b \quadfor all a,b] S} of S is called the C -subsemigroup. In this paper, the centralizer CR[S](R[M]) for the semigroup ring R[S] will be described, where M is any nonempty subset of S' . An non-zero idempotent e is called the central idempotent of R[S] if e lies in the center of R[S] . Assume that S\backslash S' is a commutative ideal of S and Annl(R)=0 . Then we show that the supporting subsemigroup of any central idempotent of R[S] must be finite.     

The Representation Type of the Full Transforamtion Semigroup T 4

Let Tn be the semigroup of all transformations of a set of n elements and k a field of characteristic 0. According to Ponizovskii, the semigroup algebra kTn is of finite representation type if n h 3. According to Putcha, kTn is of infinite representation type if n S 5. Here, we deal with the remaining case n=4 and show that kT4 is also of finite representation type. Note that the quiver of kT4 already has been exhibited by Putcha, here we determine the relations. It turns out that kT4 is a string algebra and its global dimension is 3.     

The Classification of Certain Four-Weight Spin Models

In this paper we show that if one of the matrices {Wi, 1 h i h 4} of a four-weight spin model (X, W1, W2, W3, W4; D) is equivalent to the matrix of a Potts model or a cyclic model as type II matrix and |X| S 5, then the spin model is gauge equivalent to a Potts model or a cyclic model up to simultaneous permutations on rows and columns. Using this fact and Nomura's result [12] we show that every four-weight spin model of size |X| = 5 is gauge equivalent to either a Potts model or a cyclic model up to simultaneous permutations on rows and columns.     

Invariant characters and coprime actions on finite nilpotent groups

Abstract. Let S be a subgroup of SLn(R), where R is a commutative ring with identity and n \geqq 3n \geqq 3. The order of S, o(S), is the R-ideal generated by x_ij, x_ii - x_jj (i 1 j)x_{ij},\ x_{ii} - x_{jj}\ (i \neq j), where (x_ij) ? S(x_{ij}) \in S. Let En(R) be the subgroup of SLn(R) generated by the elementary matrices. The level of S, l(S), is the largest R-ideal \frak q\frak {q} with the property that S contains all the \frak q\frak {q}-elementary matrices and all conjugates of these by elements of En(R). It is clear that l(S) \leqq o(S)l(S) \leqq o(S). Vaserstein has proved that, for all R and for all n \geqq 3n \geqq 3, the subgroup S is normalized by En(R) if and only if l(S) = o(S)     

The semigroup of singular endomorphisms

Let V be a vector space of dimension n over a field K. Here we denote by Sn the set of all singular endomorphisms of V. Erdos [5], Dawlings [4] and Thomas J. Laffey [6] have shown that Sn is an idempotent generated regular semigroup. In this paper we apply the theory of inductive groupoids, in particular the construction of the idempotent generated regular semigroup given in §6 of [8] to detemine some combinatorial properties of the semigroup Sn.     

Spectral Inclusions for Semigroups of Closed Operators

We show that several spectral inclusions known for C0-semigroups fail for semigroups of closed operators, even if they can be regularized. We introduce the notion of spectral completeness for the regularizing operator C which implies equality of the spectrum and the C-spectrum of the generator. We prove spectral inclusions under this additional assumption. We give a series of examples in which the regularizing operator is spectrally complete including generators of integrated semigroups, of distribution semigroups, and of some semigroups that are strongly continuous for t > 0.     

On Free Inverse Semigroups

Using techniques of Rewriting Theory, we present a new proof of the known theorem of Munn that FIX , the free inverse semigroup on X, is isomorphic to birooted word-trees on X.     

Wavelets with Frame Multiresolution Analysis

A frame multiresolution (FMRA for short) orthogonalwavelet is a single-function orthogonal wavelet such that theassociated scaling space V0 admits a normalized tight frame(under translations). In this article, we prove that for anyexpansive matrix A with integer entries, there existA-dilation FMRA orthogonal wavelets. FMRA orthogonal waveletsfor some other expansive matrix with non integer entries are also discussed.     

Derived Rees Matrix Semigroups as Semigroups of Transformations

An ordered pair (e,f) of idempotents of a regular semigroup is called a skew pair if ef is not idempotent whereas fe is idempotent. Previously [1] we have established that there are four distinct types of skew pairs of idempotents. We have also described (as quotient semigroups of certain regular Rees matrix semigroups [2]) the structure of the smallest regular semigroups that contain precisely one skew pair of each of the four types, there being to within isomorphism ten such semigroups. These we call the derived Rees matrix semigroups. In the particular case of full transformation semigroups we proved in [3] that T_X contains all four skew pairs of idempotents if and only if |X| ≥ 6. Here we prove that T_X contains all ten derived Rees matrix semigroups if and only if |X| ≥ 7.     

Finitely Presented, Coherent, and Ultrasimplicial Ordered Abelian Groups

We study notions such as finite presentability and coherence, for partially ordered abelian groups and vector spaces. Typical results are the following: (i) A partially ordered abelian group G is finitely presented if and only if G is finitely generated as a group, G⁺ is well-founded as a partially ordered set, and the set of minimal elements of G⁺\ {0} is finite. (ii) Torison-free, finitely presented partially ordered abelian groups can be represented as subgroups of some Zⁿ, with a finitely generated submonoid of (Z⁺)ⁿ as positive cone. (iii) Every unperforated, finitely presented partially ordered abelian group is Archimedean. Further, we establish connections with interpolation. In particular, we prove that a divisible dimension group G is a directed union of simplicial subgroups if and only if every finite subset of G is contained into a finitely presented ordered subgroup.     

A Cantor-Bernstein type theorem for effect algebras

We prove that if E¹ and E² are &sgr;-complete effect algebras such that E¹ is a factor of E² and E² is a factor of E¹, then E¹ and E² are isomorphic.     

Regular semigroups with skew pairs of idempotents

Let S be a regular semigroup with set of idempotents E(S) . Given x,y ∈ S , we say that (x,y) is a skew pair if x y \notin E(S) whereas y x ∈ E(S) . Here we use this concept to characterise certain regular Rees matrix semigroups.     

An Edge-Isoperimetric Problem for Powers of the Petersen Graph

In this paper we introduce a new order on the set of n-dimensional tuples and prove that this order preserves nestedness in the edge isoperimetric problem for the graph Pⁿ, defined as the nth cartesian power of the well-known Petersen graph. The cutwidth and wirelength of Pⁿ are also derived. These results are then generalized for the cartesian product of Pⁿ and the m-dimensional binary hypercube.     

Precise Asymptotic Formulas for Semilinear Eigenvalue Problems

. We consider the nonlinear Sturm-Liouville problem¶¶-u"(t) = | u(t) | ^p-1u(t) - lu(t), t ? I :=(0,1), u(0) = u(1) = 0 -u'(t) = \mid u(t)\mid^{p-1}u(t) - \lambda u(t), t \in I :=(0,1), u(0) = u(1) = 0 ,¶¶ where p > 1 and l ? R \lambda \in {\bf R} is an eigenvalue parameter. To investigate the global L²-bifurcation phenomena, we establish asymptotic formulas for the n-th bifurcation branch l = l_n (a) \lambda = \lambda_n (\alpha) with precise remainder term, where a \alpha is the L² norm of the eigenfunction associated with l \lambda .     

Classes of Idempotents in Hilbert Space

An idempotent operator E in a Hilbert space \({\mathcal {H}}\) \((E^2=1)\) is written as a \(2\times 2\) matrix in terms of the orthogonal decomposition

$$\begin{aligned} {\mathcal {H}}=R(E)\oplus R(E)^\perp \end{aligned}$$

(R(E) is the range of E) as

$$\begin{aligned} E=\left( \begin{array}{l@{\quad }l} 1_{R(E)} &{} E_{1,2} \\ 0 &{} 0 \end{array} \right) . \end{aligned}$$

We study the sets of idempotents that one obtains when \(E_{1,2}:R(E)^\perp \rightarrow R(E)\) is a special type of operator: compact, Fredholm and injective with dense range, among others.

     

On the Resolution of the Heat Equation with Discontinuous Coefficients

We give in this work some results about the existence and uniqueness with optimal regularity for solutions of a parabolic equation in nondivergence form in L^q(0,T;L^p(Omega)) where 1 < p,q < infinity in two cases. We use Lamberton's results (cf. [9]) in the first case and Dore-Venni's results (cf. [6]) in the second case.