Optical differentiation of displacement patterns using double diffraction and spatial filtering

A simple technique of optical differentiation of displacement patterns is proposed. It utilizes a single copy of a distorted diffraction grating and a plane mirror. The principle of operation, together with experimental results and the comparison with previously described differentiation methods are given.     

夫琅和费衍射与大角度衍射

众所周知,夫琅和费衍射的解析强度分布和暗纹位置是在一系列近似情况下导出的。其中最重要的条件是观测点必须限制在傍轴附近,衍射角不能太大,否则得不到简单的解析公式,也就不能称之为夫琅和费衍射。最近发现有人发明错误的理论将夫琅和费衍射概念及其测量扩展到90°角,其结论与常识截然相反,因此,有必要把混淆的概念予以澄清。     

衍射式光栅干涉测量系统发展现状及趋势

在车间条件下操作时,光栅干涉仪在测量精度方面优于He-Ne激光干涉仪.基于光栅干涉测量系统有一些特别的优点,导致其在高精密测量中用途不断增加.阐述了衍射式光栅干涉测量系统的工作原理和特点,同时详细总结了国际上生产和研究衍射光栅干涉测量系统的厂家和研究机构及他们的产品.并指出该系统的发展趋势和存在的问题,为衍射式光栅测量...     

基于MSC1210单片机的衍射条纹采集装置

利用MSC1210单片机改造了衍射条纹采集系统，设计并制作了基于MSC1210单片机的光强采集和数字式位移测量系统，上位机采用LABWINDOWS／CVI软件编程，方便实用地完成了衍射条纹采集光学实验．     

等腰闪耀光栅及其在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用研究

本文简述了非对称双光栅位移测量的原理和特点,针对其中存在的一些问题,设计了一种新型透射式位相光栅———等腰闪耀光栅。文中导出了等腰闪耀光栅在垂直入射时的光栅方程和衍射光强分布公式,并通过计算机仿真,得到了衍射光强的分布图。最后探讨了等腰闪耀光栅在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用     

双光栅衍射在成像中色散与合成的实验研究

讨论了在白光照射下双光栅色散和合成成像,搭建了基本实验装置,对双光栅不同组合和角度等因素进行相关实验,并对结果进行了讨论.     

双光栅衍射场的干涉效应

双光栅衍射场的干涉效应既具有理论研究价值又具有很实际的应用价值.本文利用波前相因子分析法,推导出了双余弦光栅夫琅禾费衍射场的理论结果;分析了当两个光栅在横向有相对运动时,各级衍射斑光强的变化规律.通过实验观测映证了光强变化与数值计算结果是一致的.这一理论结果是双光栅衍射类实验设计的基础,而这类实验可以用于测量微小振动的振幅和频率.     

The relation between the boundary diffraction wave theory and physical optics

The physical optics surface integral is asymptotically reduced to a line integral along the contour of the diffracting edge. It is shown that the resultant integral can be separated into two sub-integrals which represent the reflected and transmitted diffracted fields. The integrands are transformed into the same forms with the potential function of the boundary diffraction wave theory.     

衍射光学在无人机姿态控制中的应用

CCD星敏感器是无人飞机等航空航天器姿态控制的关键设备,其工作谱段很宽,跨可见光至近红外光光谱,且对系统的体积有特殊的要求,从而可满足飞行器的小空间体积的要求。针对一实际用于无人飞机上的系统的要求(焦距为60～100mm,F/1.3～F/2,谱段范围为0.48～0.85μm,视场为80°～100°),提出了使用折衍混合的新型光学系统,在较宽谱段内消除了色差,并校正了其它像差。从设计结果可以看出,系统可满足最终的使用要求。     

MTPO based potential function of the boundary diffraction wave theory

A novel potential function is introduced by using the modified theory of physical optics integrals for a perfectly conducting half-plane. The function is valid for arbitrary aspects of observation. The line integration of these functions gives the total scattered fields. The method is applied to the problem of diffraction of plane waves by an opaque half-plane for oblique incidence.     

利用双光栅衍射测量微谐振动的研究

本文以余弦光栅为模型,运用波前相因子分析方法,得到了有一定距离的双余弦光栅衍射斑的强度公式.推导出了双光栅之一作纵向或横向微谐振动时,远场衍射光斑强度的变化公式.这些公式呈现出复合余弦函数的变化规律,并且分析出了光强随时间的变化与光栅振幅之间的关系.为微小振动的测量提供了一种新的方法.最后,文章给出了衍射斑强度变化信号...     

Fractal analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns

X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with broad background are commonly found in the characterization of materials with a certain degree of amorphicity, so the sharp intensity peaks associated with material phases are not well defined. This work used rescaled range (denoted by R/S) analysis, a method intended for fractal analysis of noisy signals, to characterize XRD patterns with broad background. It is found that XRD patterns with broad background are not random at all, but contain information on regularities expressed as autocorrelations of the intensity signal. Sol-gel alumina fired at different temperatures was used as an example to illustrate the applicability of the method. It is shown that fractal R/S analysis is able to locate angular regions that can be associated to ideal International Centre for Diffraction Data Powder Diffraction File (ICDD PDF) lines of diverse alumina phases.     

Computer simulation of Fraunhofer diffraction based on MATLAB

In this paper, we describe a novel computer simulation technique of generating Fraunhofer diffraction images from different patterns. The simulation can be performed in almost any PC using the software MATLAB. The patterns of five types of elements, including one slit, one rectangular aperture, two rectangular apertures, the grating and one circular aperture are discussed and simulated. Diffractions images can be generated for any wavelength of light and for any program are presented. Finally, the Fraunhofer diffraction optical intensity distribution is analyzed. Simulation results can improve the physics experimental teaching of Fraunhofer diffraction. The programs based on MATLAB have been used as the platform to real-time calculation and simulation and solve the optical problem.     

夫琅禾费衍射公式的一般形式

从不同的途径导出了大角度情形下亦成立的夫琅禾费衍射积分的一般形式,指出此一般形式公式是求解夫琅禾费衍射的基本公式．并通过对夫琅禾费衍射公式的级数形式的推导,揭示了傅里叶光学中“夫琅禾费衍射公式”与一般形式公式存在的差别,以及消除这种差别的措施．此外,还较详细地讨论了倾斜因子对衍射花样的影响．这对于衍射测量及深入理解夫琅禾费衍射的本质有一定的指导意义．     

Boundary diffraction wave theory of resistive surfaces with edge discontinuities

The line integral of the boundary diffraction wave theory is derived by considering the exact diffracted fields of a resistive half-plane. The line integral is generalized for arbitrary resistive surface with edge discontinuity. The method is applied to the diffraction problem of waves by a convex resistive spherical reflector and the resultant field expressions are investigated numerically.     

LCD pixel shape and far-field diffraction patterns

The shape and diffraction pattern of a liquid crystal display (LCD) pixel used in a point-diffraction interferometer is qualitatively evaluated using the experimental diffraction patterns of computer-generated apertures. The diffraction patterns for apertures with contours between a circle and a square were numerically plotted from analytical expressions of these topological forms. The observed patterns are qualitatively in accordance with previous calculations of such apertures using scalar diffraction theory in the far field.     

采用六棱嵌镜分光器全视域显现衍射图样

1束激光在遮光门和2个同步旋转六棱嵌镜作用下分成3束,在几何衍射区、菲涅耳衍射区、夫琅禾费衍射区3个不同区域的不同位置形成参量不同的图样,这样既可利用视觉暂留现象进行同期观察,又可用感光片和数码相机拍摄或测量图样.     

A two-dimensional diffraction pattern sampling system for determining the optimum parameters of a matched spatial filter

The synthesis of a matched spatial filter based on holographic methods requires that the spatial frequency band in which the holographic fringe pattern with the best modulation is formed be tuned to the appropriate weighting at the Fourier transform plane of the spatial frequencies of the input object to be studied. For this purpose both the spectral intensity distribution of an input object at the Fourier transform plane and the intensity distribution of a reference beam at that plane must be accurately known beforehand. A two-dimensional diffraction pattern sampling system has been constructed which enables the Fourier spectral intensity distribution of the input object and the reference beam intensity distribution to be faithfully recorded. A preliminary experimental study shows the usefulness of this system.     

Koch fractals in physical optics and their Fraunhofer diffraction patterns

This paper gives an overview of the utilization of fractals in physical optics, especially of Koch fractals and their diffractals. The term fractal itself is defined and some basic characteristics of fractals are mentioned. Constructions of the most typical Koch curves are also depicted. Laser diffraction experiments using regular, random and modified Koch curves are described and the corresponding diffraction patterns (intensity distributions of diffractals) are shown. Some interesting properties of these diffraction patterns are discussed.