二氧化锰纳米束超级电容器电极材料制备及分析

由聚苯胺捆绑二氧化锰纳米束作为超级电容器的电极材料,具有良好的赝电容特性。聚苯胺良好的导电性影响二氧化锰纳米束的电化学性能,使其阻抗变小,稳定性增强。     

电化学制备钛网负载聚吡咯/石墨烯复合膜及其在超级电容器中的应用

通过电化学的方法在钛网上制备了聚吡咯与石墨烯的复合物薄膜,其过程是先在钛网上通过自组装干燥膜法附着上石墨烯氧化物膜,而后采用电化学还原的方法原位还原制备得到石墨烯膜,随后加入吡咯单体,再通过电化学聚合的方法在石墨烯的表面生长聚吡咯,得到的聚吡咯开始以颗粒的形式存在,而后随着聚合的进行得到了链状的聚吡咯.得到的复合膜有高的比表面积和导电性,可以作为电极活性材料用于超级电容器中提供赝电容,结果表明,复合膜作为电极材料的超级电容器拥有高的性能,比电容达400 F/g,并且电极的充放电稳定性高,5000次复合膜充放电循环后比电容还能保留82%,说明该材料适合于超级电容器.     

电化学染料增感对聚苯胺/硅异质结电池的影响

采用电化学氧化聚合染料增感方法,利用有机染料直接耐晒翠兰对太阳电池顶区材料聚苯胺进行了有机染料增感研究,制备出了Al栅/DS-PAn/n-Si/Al结构的染料增感聚苯胺/硅异质结太阳电池.研究表明,染料增感可使聚苯胺在光照射下光生载流子明显增强,较大幅度地改善聚苯胺的可见光谱响应;J-V特性表明,电池二极管的曲线因子约为6.3,p-n结的潜在势垒高度为0.89 eV;与未增感的PAn/n-Si异质结太阳电池相比,染料增感的DS-PAn/n-Si异质结太阳电池的短路电流和转换效率得到了较大提高,在37.2 W/m2的光照射下,经染料增感的电池短路电流较增感前提高了约6倍,填充因子可达57%,转换效率达1.42%.     

苯胺和丙烯酸协同聚合一步法制备聚苯胺纳米管

本文通过加入过硫酸铵(APS)引发苯胺和丙烯酸(AA)在水溶液中的协同聚合反应,一步合成出具有中空结构的聚苯胺纳米管. 聚苯胺纳米管的外径平均为180 nm,内径约80 nm,其形成取决于苯胺与丙烯酸的摩尔比(X_{ani/AA}). 当X_{ani/AA}不超过1时,主要得到聚苯胺纳米管. 在三电极体系中测定了所制备的聚苯胺纳米管的电化学性能. 在1 mol/L H₂SO₄为电解液,电流密度为0.5 A/g的条件下,聚苯胺纳米管比电容高达436 F/g,是通常聚苯胺纳米片的七倍. 此外,在0.5 A/g的电流密度下进行500次充放电循环后,其比电容能够保持最初始的89.2%,表现出优异的充放电循环稳定性.     

聚苯胺在聚合物发光二极管中的空穴传输作用

报道了聚苯胺中间氧化态(emeraldine base form PANI-EB)空穴传输层对以PPV衍生物(PTA-PPV,PTA-DMPPV和MEH-PPV)为发光层和Alq₃为电子传输层构成的多层结构的发光二极管的影响。实验结果表明,在器件中PANI-EB空穴层的引入能有效地降低器件的启亮电压和提高器件的发光亮度,其影响程度依赖于PPV衍生物的结构。     

通过电容器层间压强的增强提高电容器寿命

通过对圆柱体电容器内部压强进行计算分析,研究提升电容器寿命的方法。首先分析得出,电容器内部层间压强的提高可以减小自愈能量,降低脉冲放电过程中的电容量损失,因此可以提升电容器寿命。其次,提出了电容器内部层间压强的计算模型。试验结果表明:通过合理的热处理工艺,电容器寿命可提高30%;当外包膜层数从20层增加到100层时,电容器寿命提高38%。     

通过电容器层间压强的增强提高电容器寿命

通过对圆柱体电容器内部压强进行计算分析,研究提升电容器寿命的方法。首先分析得出,电容器内部层间压强的提高可以减小自愈能量,降低脉冲放电过程中的电容量损失,因此可以提升电容器寿命。其次,提出了电容器内部层间压强的计算模型。试验结果表明：通过合理的热处理工艺,电容器寿命可提高30%; 当外包膜层数从20层增加到100层时,电容器寿命提高38%。     

脉冲功率应用中的金属化膜电容器寿命预测

分析了金属化膜电容器的寿命特性, 根据电容器寿命Weibull分布、可靠性分析和影响因素等建立了从元件到整机的电容器寿命预测模型。通过电容器元件和整机的寿命试验, 验证了该预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明：储能密度0.5 kJ/L下寿命达到6万次以上;储能密度0.95 kJ/L下寿命达到2万次以上;通过新技术措施改进, 2.0 kJ/L下寿命达到1000次以上。     

脉冲功率应用中的金属化膜电容器寿命预测

分析了金属化膜电容器的寿命特性,根据电容器寿命Weibull分布、可靠性分析和影响因素等建立了从元件到整机的电容器寿命预测模型。通过电容器元件和整机的寿命试验,验证了该预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明:储能密度0.5kJ/L下寿命达到6万次以上;储能密度0.95kJ/L下寿命达到2万次以上;通过新技术措施改进,2.0kJ/L下寿命达到1000次以上。     

Highly amorphous PbO2 as an electrode in hybrid electrochemical capacitors

This paper presents a synthesis and characterizes highly amorphous lead dioxide and its use in hybrid electrochemical capacitor C/PbO₂. Highly amorphous lead dioxide with a small amount of β-PbO₂ was synthesized by galvanostatic deposition from acetate solution. The hybrid supercapacitor was constructed with PbO₂ as the positive electrode whereas activated carbon as the negative electrode. The morphology of materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and their structure was characterized by means of an X-ray diffraction technique. The electrochemical performance of hybrid electrochemical capacitor with synthesized PbO₂ was studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To indicate that the amorphous form of lead dioxide was predominant, results were compared to highly crystalline β-PbO₂. The hybrid electrochemical capacitor with synthesized material exhibits a much greater specific capacitance, higher specific energy and power than the highly crystalline one. The specific capacitance values obtained for the supercapacitor rose more than twice in favour of amorphous PbO₂. Also, long cycling did not influence any of the electrochemical properties of this hybrid electrochemical capacitor, which makes it an interesting energy storage device.     

The Morphology Evolution of Nickel Phosphite Hexagonal Polyhedrons and Their Primary Electrochemical Capacitor Applications

Nickel posphite (Ni₁₁(HPO₃)₈(OH)₆) hexagonal polyhedrons are successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The effect of surfactants on the growth mechanism of Ni₁₁(HPO₃)₈(OH)₆ are also explored. More importantly, Ni₁₁(HPO₃)₈(OH)₆ hexagonal polyhedrons are successfully applied as electrochemical supercapacitor electrode materials, which have a good specific capacitance (295 F g^?1 at 0.625 A g^?1), good rate capability, and cycling properties (maintained about 99.3% at 0.625 A g^?1 after 1000 cycles).     

Electrochemical properties of Mn-doped activated carbon aerogel as electrode material for supercapacitor

Carbon aerogel (CA) was prepared by a sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde, and it was activated with KOH to obtain activated carbon aerogel (ACA). Specific capacitance of carbon aerogel and activated carbon aerogel was measured by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Activated carbon aerogel showed higher specific capacitance than carbon aerogel (136 F/g vs. 90 F/g). In order to combine excellent electrochemical performance of activated carbon aerogel with pseudocapacitive property of manganese oxide, 7 wt% manganese oxide was doped on activated carbon aerogel by an incipient wetness impregnation method. For comparison, 7 wt% manganese oxide was also doped on carbon aerogel by an incipient wetness impregnation method. It was revealed that 7 wt% Mn-doped activated carbon aerogel (Mn/ACA) showed higher specific capacitance than 7 wt% Mn-doped carbon aerogel (Mn/CA) (168 F/g vs. 98 F/g). The enhanced capacitance of 7 wt% Mn-doped activated carbon aerogel was attributed to the outstanding electric properties of activated carbon aerogel as well as the faradaic redox reactions of manganese oxide.     

Ag-ZnO混合薄膜在聚合物太阳能电池中的应用

采用旋涂法研制了Ag浆SC100-ZnO混合薄膜,系统研究了不同混合比例SC100∶ZnO薄膜作为电子传输层或光散射层对聚合物太阳能电池器件性能的影响,并讨论了其中存在的物理机制。研究发现,采用少量SC100(1%和2.5%)混合的薄膜作为光散射层,可以提高器件的性能参数(短路电流密度和填充因子),器件的光电转换效率分别提高了4.4%和5%。     

Gnuplot多参数拟合在电化学阻抗谱拟合中的应用

电化学阻抗谱的拟合是电池性能测试的重要组成部分,经常要经过很多次的尝试才能拟合得到较为理想的结果。结合太阳能电池的阻抗谱,利用开源软件Gnuplot进行多参数的数据拟合,并绘制拟合曲线。结果表明Gnuplot不仅能方便的处理复数拟合问题,而且在进行多参数拟合时对猜测初值敏感性不高,拟合结果准确可靠。     

MgO-templated carbon as a negative electrode material for Na-ion capacitors

In this study, MgO-templated carbon with different pore structures was investigated as a negative electrode material for Na-ion capacitors. With increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, the irreversible capacity increased, and the coulombic efficiency of the 1st cycle decreased because of the formation of solid electrolyte interface layers. MgO-templated carbon annealed at 1000 °C exhibited the highest capacity and best rate performance, suggesting that an appropriate balance between surface area and crystallinity is imperative for fast Na-ion storage, attributed to the storage mechanism: combination of non-faradaic electric double-layer capacitance and faradaic Na intercalation in the carbon layers. Finally, a Na-ion capacitor cell using MgO-templated carbon and activated carbon as the negative and positive electrodes, respectively, exhibited an energy density at high power density significantly greater than that exhibited by the cell using a commercial hard carbon negative electrode.     

超导量子器件片上皮法电容的制备及测量

片上集成电容是超导量子芯片上的核心器件，其数值一般在百飞法(fF)至皮法(pF)范围.采用常规微纳加工技术在蓝宝石基片上制备了铌-氧化硅-铝(Nb/SiO₂/Al)平行板电容.利用刻蚀工艺制备了平行板电容器的下极板Nb,利用剥离工艺制备平行板电容器的上极板Al和介电层SiO₂.室温下利用锁相放大原理和桥式电路原理测定电容大小，两种方法测定电容值基本一致，表明锁相放大原理测试pF级电容的可靠性.利用该电容与铝基约瑟夫森结组成谐振器，制备了中心频率位于4.35 GHz的约瑟夫森参量放大器.在稀释制冷机中10 mK温度下测定直流偏置谐振器的磁通-频率相位图，拟合数据获得的电容值与室温测定电容值接近，表明在mK、GHz条件下工作的片上集成电容可在室温、kHz条件下测定其数值大小.     

A novel device layout for tunneling spectroscopy of low-dimensional electron systems

We report tunneling spectroscopic investigations on a barrier separated double-electron-layer system using a novel selective depletion scheme based on self-aligned side gates. We show that the side gate technique is also suitable to impose a tunable lateral confinement on a narrow channel. From the study of tunneling processes on a single-wire device we conclude that the energetic spacing of the one-dimensional subbands can be varied from effectively zero to up to 6 meV. A simple electrostatic model confirms the order of magnitude of the measured one-dimensional level spacing.     

Equation of Motion in Hybrid Monte Carlo

The equation of motion and molecular dynamics for simulating lattice field theory using the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm are described. Some techniques for improving the HMC efficiency are discussed.