酶反应动力学及人血清中手性氨基酸的LIE-CE研究

手性分析在生命起源研究、生命科学研究、药物研究、疾病研究、食品研究等领域中具有极其重要的研究意义.近年来,手性离子配体交换技术在手性氨基酸的分析的应用备受关注.本研究建立了了以Zn(Ⅱ)为中心离子的手性氨基酸离子配体交换毛细管电泳方法(LIE-CE)及氨基酸的丹酰氯在线衍生技术,并进一步开展了人血清中手性氨基酸的分析及酶反应动力学的研究.     

手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用

简要介绍了手性离子液体用于毛细管电泳手性分离的一般原理,系统地介绍了基于手性离子液体的毛细管电泳对映体拆分的一元手性选择体系和二元手性选择体系,并在国内外研究现状的基础上展望了手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用前景。     

毛细管电泳新型手性分离体系研究进展

在现代分离科学中,手性化合物的分离分析一直是研究的重点和难点。相比于高效液相色谱（HPLC）、气相色谱（GC）等传统色谱分析方法,毛细管电泳（CE）技术凭借其高效率、低消耗、分离模式多样化等诸多优势,已经发展成为手性分离研究领域最有应用前景的分析方法之一。近年来,研究人员在CE手性分析方法的构建过程中,基于毛细管电动色谱（EKC）、配体交换毛细管电泳（LECE）、毛细管电色谱（CEC）等各种基础电泳模式,不断地对传统手性分离体系进行优化和改造,构建出了许多高性能的新型手性CE分离体系。如利用各类功能化离子液体以"手性离子液体协同拆分""手性离子液体配体交换""离子液体手性选择剂"等模式设计出多种基于离子液体的CE手性分离体系;利用纳米材料独特的尺寸效应、多样性、可设计性等特点,直接或与传统手性选择剂有机结合构建CE手性分离体系。此外,金属有机骨架材料修饰、低共熔溶剂修饰、非连续分段式部分填充等各式新颖的CE手性分离体系也都被研究人员成功开发,并表现出较大的发展潜力。该综述将对近年来（尤其是2015~2019年）此类新型CE手性分离体系的发展状况进行梳理,并结合相应的手性识别机理研究和手性CE方法实际应用情况,对该领域存在的问题及发展前景进行分析和展望。     

配体交换毛细管区带电泳拆分未衍生化氨基酸

以铜（Ⅱ）-L-谷氨酸络合物为手性分离选择剂，对苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸3种非衍生芳香族氨基酸的手性对映体拆分进行了研究，建立了一种快速、简便拆分未衍生化的氨基酸对映体的配体交换毛细管电泳方法。在使用10mmol／L NH4AC（pH5．0），5mmol／L CuSO4和10mmol／L L-谷氨酸的条件下，成功地拆分了苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸手性对映体；色氨酸手性对映体也得到部分分离；考察了电泳缓冲液组成、pH值等影响分离效果的因素。     

手性固定相毛细管电色谱在手性药物分离中的应用研究进展

综述了多糖衍生物、蛋白质、大环类、Prikle型、配体交换和分子印迹聚合物为手性固定相在毛细管电色谱分离手性药物中的应用.分析了各类手性固定相的分离机理,引用文献62篇.     

配体交换毛细管区带电泳拆分未衍生化氨基酸

以铜(Ⅱ)-L-谷氨酸络合物为手性分离选择剂,对苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸3种非衍生芳香族氨基酸的手性对映体拆分进行了研究,建立了一种快速、简便拆分未衍生化的氨基酸对映体的配体交换毛细管电泳方法.在使用10 mmol/L NH4AC(pH 5.0),5 mmol/L CuSO4和10 mmol/L L-谷氨酸的条件下,成功地拆分了苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸手性对映体;色氨酸手性对映体也得到部分分离;考察了电泳缓冲液组成、pH值等影响分离效果的因素.     

非样品手性配体交换毛细管电泳测定手性多巴

以L-多巴为测定目标, 以天然芳香氨基酸为替代样品, 建立了以非样品α-羟基酸为手性配体, 以铜和镍等二价金属为中心离子的手性配体交换毛细管电泳新方法. 当弱配位的α-羟基酸与中心离子的摩尔比大于6∶1时, 所建立的方法即可实现对D,L-氨基酸和D,L-多巴的基线分离, 可用于口服多巴药片含量的测定, 检测出质量分数为0.5%的异构体杂质, 其定量的线性范围是0.025~2.5 mmol/L, 回收率为96.3%. 据此方法测得某商品药片的实际含量(质量分数)为标称值的(97.33±0.70)%.     

毛细管电泳在手性氨基酸拆分中的研究进展

毛细管电泳(capillary electrophoresis,CE)作为一种强有力的手性分离技术,由于操作简单、试剂消耗少及柱效高等优点,受到广泛关注,是近年来手性分离领域的研究热点.氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单元,且大多数氨基酸具有手性中心,手性氨基酸是生命体系的一个重要特征.具有手性中心的氨基酸,其对映体间的生物活性往往存在着较大的差异,因此,氨基酸的手性拆分对了解人体及动物生命活动起着举足轻重的作用.主要总结了近5年来毛细管电泳的3种分离模式(毛细管区带电泳、胶束电动毛细管色谱、毛细管电色谱)在氨基酸手性拆分中的发展和应用.     

酚醛树脂为载体的手性螯合树脂的合成与性能

以交联聚苯乙烯为载体的手性螯合树脂与过渡金属离子形成的络合物作配体交换色谱固定相,可拆分多种DL-氨基酸。但载体疏水性强,氮基酸在色谱过程中传质阻力大,保留时间长;硅胶键合的配体交换色谱手性相亲水性好,但柱容量小。我们通过2-羟基丙撑间隔臂将L-脯氨酸功能基联于球形酚醛树脂上,合成了手性螯合树脂(Ⅰ)。以其铜(Ⅱ)络合物作配体交换色谱固定相,对多种DL-氨基酸呈现拆分活性,且保留时间少于1h。     

手性配体交换色谱法直接拆分DL-氨基酸

手性配体交换色谱法在多种色谱拆分技术中占有重要地位。首先,手性配体交换色谱法往往具有较大的拆分因子,可进行半微量制备性拆分;其次,该技术可直接拆分氨基酸、羟基酸等极性化合物,不需要柱前衍生化。因此,自1970年Davankov及其同事首次用配体交换色谱拆分DL-脯氨酸以来,该技术受到人们的普遍重视。在七十年代,有关的研究报道几乎占色谱拆     

3-[(3-Dehydroabietamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate as a new type of chiral surfactant for enantiomer separation in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A new type of chiral surfactant, 3-[(3-dehydroabietamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (DHAMAP) has been synthesized. The ability of this compound to perform chiral separation of D/L-amino acids derivatized with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA-D/L-amino acids) has been investigated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Enantiomeric separation of NDA-D/L-amino acids was achieved with a running buffer consisting of 50 mM borate (pH 9.75) and 25 mM DHADMP. Under the conditions selected, 6 pairs of tested amino acids enantiomers including NDA-D/L-tryptophan, NDA-D/L-phenylalanine, D/L-D/L-kynurenine, NDA-D/L-beta-phenylalanine, NDA-D/L-4-methylphenylalanine and NDA-D/L-arginine were well resolved. The resolution values were in the range of 1.56-5.40.     

Polydopamine-Assisted Rapid One-Step Immobilization of L-Arginine in Capillary as Immobilized Chiral Ligands for Enantioseparation of Dansyl Amino Acids by Chiral Ligand Exchange Capillary Electrochromatography

Herein, a novel L-arginine (L-Arg)-modified polydopamine (PDA)-coated capillary (PDA/L-Arg@capillary) was firstly fabricated via the basic amino-acid-induced PDA co-deposition strategy and employed to constitute a new chiral ligand exchange capillary electrochromatography (CLE-CEC) method for the high-performance enantioseparation of D,L-amino acids (D,L-AAs) with L-Arg as the immobilized chiral ligand coordinating with the central metal ion Zn(II) as running buffer. Assisted by hydrothermal treatment, the robust immobilization of L-Arg on the capillary inner wall could be facilely achieved within 1 h, prominently improving the synthesis efficiency and simplifying the preparation procedure. The successful preparation of PDA/L-Arg coatings in the capillary was systematically characterized and confirmed using several methods. In comparison with bare and PDA-functionalized capillaries, the enantioseparation capability of the presented CLE-CEC system was significantly enhanced. Eight D,L-AAs were completely separated and three pairs were partially separated under the optimal conditions. The prepared PDA/L-Arg@capillary showed good repeatability and stability. The potential mechanism of the greatly enhanced enantioseparation performance obtained by PDA/L-Arg@capillary was also explored. Moreover, the proposed method was further utilized for studying the enzyme kinetics of L-glutamic dehydrogenase, exhibiting its promising prospects in enzyme assays and other related applications.     

Chiral and electrokinetic separation of amino acids using polypyrrole-coated adsorbents

An optically active and electroconductive polymeric adsorbent has been developed for the use in chromatographic resolution of nonderivatized amino acids. The chiral selectivity of the adsorbent is based upon ligand exchange of coordinated copper(II) complexes of D or L-amino acids and a molecular imprinting technique by modifying the resin surface with polypyrrole coating. Applying a potential difference of +/-1.5 V to the chiral and conductive column, racemic amino acids are separated according to their charge characteristics, and simultaneously resolved with respect to their optical isomerisms. A pH-controlled mixture of D,L-lysine and D,L-aspartic acid is resolved displaying enantioselectivity values of 1.19 and 2.08, respectively, and a baseline separation of the two amino acids is accomplished by alternating the polarity of the electric field. The synthesized adsorbent also exhibits size exclusion factor discriminating amino acids with larger side chains.     

乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰酶固定化细胞拆分D,L-缬氨酸

报道了一种利用具有乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰酶活性的固定化细胞拆分D,L-缬氨酸的新方法. 该酶促反应最适条件: pH=6, 反应温度50 ℃, 底物N-乙酰-D,L-缬氨酸浓度200 mmol/L, 固定化细胞用量0.2 g/mL(或100 U/mL). 0.1 mmol/L CoCl₂条件对该酶促反应有显著的激活作用. 在以上条件下反应2～3 h, 测得产物L-缬氨酸浓度95 mmol/L. 该固定化细胞连续10次使用, 平均转化率为90.8%(以N-乙酰-L-缬氨酸计), 显示出了良好的工业化应用前景.     

L-半胱氨酸衍生物配体交换手性色谱固定相

应用密闭微波萃取装置对芦荟中的有效成分芦荟甙进行了微波萃取研究,并利用透射电子显微镜对微波萃取机理进行了初步探讨,讨论了不同萃取剂、溶剂浓度、萃取时间和微波功率等对提取率的影响,在萃取剂为乙醇-水体系,溶剂（乙醇）体积分数为70％、萃取时间为4min及微波功率为340W的条件下,萃取效果最佳,与索氏提取及超声波萃取法相比,本法具有萃取速度快、提取率高及溶剂用量少等特点。     

Chiral determination of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence at picomolar concentrations

In this publication we present results on the determination of enantiomers of amino acids at very low concentrations. A fluoresceine-based chiral dye was synthesized to allow the separation of diastereoisomers of D- and L-amino acids. We used capillary electrophoresis with different non-ionic surfactants (Brij). The separation parameters were optimized and separations of D- and L-isovaline, an unusual terrestrial amino acid, were obtained. The sensitivity limits were also determined using a commercial laser-induced fluorescence detector. The quantitation of these amino acids is very important to understand the process of chiral selection on Earth.     

Chiral separation of dansyl amino acids by ligand exchange capillary electrochromatography in a low molecular weight organogel

Chiral electroseparation is demonstrated, for the first time, by a low molecular weight organogel filled capillary. Five pairs of dansylated amino acids were separated by copper ligand exchange on a trans-(1S,2S)-1,2-bis-(dodecylamido) cyclohexane (1) gel in methanol. Low molecular weight organogels are emerging materials that form stable, fibrillar, thermoreversible and thixotropic gels without covalent bonding of their monomeric building blocks. The dependence of chiral resolution and complex formation stability on the pH*, the ratio between copper and the D-valine selector, as well as other parameters were investigated revealing trends that were unparalleled in previously reports on copper ligand exchange of dansylated amino acids. These observations were explained in view of a simple stacking model of (1) and the difference in axial ligation of the amide carbonyl backbone of the gel to the dansyl D- or L-amino acid:D-valine:copper ternary complexes.     

Synthesis and characterisation of the 3-amino-derivative of γ-cyclodextrin, showing receptor ability and metal ion coordination properties

The 3-hydroxy group of one glucopyranosinic ring of γ-cyclodextrin was selectively substituted with an amino moiety to obtain a new compound able to complex copper(II). Indeed, the new ligand, an altro-γ-CD, forms stable complexes with Cu(II), as the analogous 3-amino derivative β-CD previously exploited for the chiral separation of some amino acids by ligand exchange mechanism in capillary electrophoresis. Furthermore, the ligand forms a stable inclusion complex with anthraquinone-2-sulfonate.     

Properties of L-phenylalanine tetraamides as chiral selectors for D,L-amino acids by capillary gas chromatography

Summary A wide series of L-phenylalanine tetraamide selectors (Phe-n-O-TA) have been synthesized and used as stationary phases for chiral resolution of D,L-amino acids by capillary gas chromatography. The influence of length and polarity of the oxaalkanoyl bridge spacing the diamide chains of the selectors and the effects of steric hindrance on separating power were investigated. The characteristics of the chiral columns and the separation factors of D,L-n-butyl-N-trifluoroacetyl amino esters are reported.