微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

苏州市儿童血清中微量元素含量分析

为了解苏州市儿童血清中微量元素的含量,用OlympusAu 40 0 (日本)全自动生化分析仪检测了苏州大学附属儿童医院儿保门诊3 5 0例体检儿童血清中的微量元素含量。结果表明,本地区儿童血清中Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量依次为:(2 .3 4±0 . 1 4)mmol/L、(1 .5 8±0 . 2 3 )mmol/L、(0 .89±0 . 1 1 )mmol/L、(2 4. 62±5 .0 5 ) μmol/L、(1 5 . 0 2±5. 63 ) μmol/L、(2 0 . 86±5 . 74) μmol/L。男、女儿童间Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ;在不同年龄组间,Mg、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ,Ca、P、Cu、Fe含量差异显著(P值均<0 .0 1 ) ;Fe含量随年龄的增长而逐步增加,Ca含量随年龄的增长而逐步降低。     

广州市儿童反复呼吸道感染血微量元素分析

为了探讨广州地区春夏季期间儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRI)与血微量元素的关系,检测了2004年1～6月份95例儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRI)与正常儿童的血微量元素对照。结果显示,反复呼吸道感染的儿童比正常儿童的血锌明显偏低,血铅明显偏高,有统计学意义;血钙和血镁相差不大,没有统计学意义。提示反复呼吸道感染后的调理需要提高血锌水平和防治铅中毒。     

白血病患儿体内铜锌代谢的动态观察

对白血病患儿体内血清锌、血清铜浓度以及血清铜/锌比值作了初步的观测.在41例白血病患儿和33例正常对照儿童中,观察到在明确诊断化疗前,41例白血病患儿中有20例患儿的血清锌浓度低于正常低限,他们的平均血清锌浓度为12.3±3.4 μmol/L,明显低于对照组18.3±4.0 μmol/L.白血病患儿的血清铜/锌比值为1.40±0.38,明显高于正常儿童1.19±0.25.经治疗后,有12例患儿获缓解并继续随访至发病后6～8周,平均血清锌浓度由11.4±2.2μmol/L,提高到13.7±2.1μmol/L,血清铜/锌比值由1.51±0.36,下降到1.29±0.23.说明白血病患儿体内存在着锌代谢的异常.     

硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症疗效分析

为观察硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏的疗效,将98例锌缺乏儿童随机分为硒锌氨基酸治疗组及对照组,测定治疗前后血锌增加值,并比较治疗效果。结果表明,治疗组血锌平均增加值为(16.37±4.89)μmol/L,对照组为(12.39±5.01)μmol/L,P<0.01,差异有高度显著性;治疗组50例中,显效36例,有效10例,无效4例,对照组48例中显效24例,有效12例,无效12例,χ2=4.12,P<0.05,差异有显著性。可见硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症取得显著疗效。     

东莞市儿童血清中5种微量元素及钙含量的分析研究

测定了东莞市 1 3 89名儿童血清中锌 (Zn)、铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锰 (Mn)、铅 (Pb)及钙 (Ca)含量。结果分别为Zn (0 973± 0 2 3 8) μg/mL、Fe (1 1 0 1± 0 2 41 ) μg/mL、Cu (0 90 5±0 2 1 3 ) μg/mL、Mn (0 0 3 9± 0 0 2 0 ) μg/mL、Pb (0 0 5 3± 0 0 1 5 ) μg/mL及Ca (85 2 5 2± 1 4 795 )μg/mL,男女间没有显著差异。     

锌原卟啉与儿童铅中毒和贫血关系的研究

[目的 ]探讨锌原卟啉测定诊断儿童铅中毒与贫血可能性。 [方法 ]测定了 2 3 5名儿童血ZPP、Hb、BPb。 [结果 ]ZPP值 2 3 9± 1 0 2 μg/gHb ,增高率 1 3 61 % ;血铅水平 8 94± 4 62 μg/dL ,铅中毒率 41 0 7%。Hb平均浓度 1 1 2 5 0± 1 0 5 5g/L ,贫血患病率 3 1 48%。ZPP与Hb呈高度负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,与BPb无相关性 (P >0 0 5 )。血铅水平正常组与铅中毒组ZPP值差异无显著意义(P >0 0 5 )。Hb正常组与贫血组ZPP值差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。 [结论 ]ZPP升高可作为缺铁性贫血的诊断指标 ,但在血铅水平较低的地区 ,则不宜用ZPP作为儿童铅中毒的筛查指标。     

微量元素影响幼儿智力发育多因素分析

研究了3609名1～岁儿童头发中微量元素与儿童智力发育不全的关系.结果表明,智力发育不全(IQ值55～69)儿童的发Zn为(68.24±16.56)×10-6、Pb为(14.73±8.68)×10-6;高智商(IQ值109～131)儿童的发Zn为(98.62±20.47)×10-6、Pb为(7.92±6.31)×10-6.正常儿童头发中Zn含量[(83.16±19.35)×10-6]显著高于智力发育不全儿童[(80.08±18.47×10)-6,P＜0.05].而正常儿童头发中Pb含量[(12.67±7.48)×10-6则明显低于智力发育不全儿童[(13.25±7.57)×10-6,P＜0.05].正常女童发Zn明显高于智力发育不全儿童的发Zn(P＜0.05).正常女童发Mn、Pb明显低于智力发育不全儿童的发Mn(P＜0.05)、Pb(P＜0.05).正常男童的发Zn、Cu明显高于智力发育不全儿童的发Zn(P＜0.05)、Cu(P＜0.05).正常男童的发Pb明显低于智力发育不全儿童的发Pb(P＜0.05).低锌高铅可能是儿童智力发育不全的重要致病原因.     

小儿反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的关系探讨

为探讨小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRI)与微量元素的关系，测定了35例反复呼吸道感染患儿血中微量元素的含量，并与32例健康儿作对照。结果表明，反复呼吸道感染组(RRI)血锌明显低于健康组儿童血锌，P＜0．05，有显著性差异。提示低锌的小儿易患反复呼吸道感染。     

婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染全血铁的测定及儿康宁疗效观察

为了解婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)全血铁的变化及观察中药补血制剂儿康宁对RRTI的疗效 ,对符合RRTI诊断标准的 72名婴幼儿测定了全血铁含量 ,并与健康儿 5 0例作对照。观察组用儿康宁治疗 3个月后再复查全血铁含量 ,并观察儿康宁对RRTI的疗效。结果表明 ,观察组全血铁含量平均值 ( 693 6 0 9± 73 3 99) μmol/L与对照组 ( 80 99 3 5± 1 3 9 82 ) μmol/L比较 ,差异有极显著意义。用儿康宁治疗 3个月后全血铁含量 ( 80 75 71± 1 2 8 78) μmol/L明显增高 ,差异极显著。RRTI婴幼儿用儿康宁治疗后 ,无论在每月平均发病次数、每次发病平均持续天数及每月发热平均持续天数均比治疗前明显缩短。提示婴幼儿铁缺乏可使免疫功能削弱 ,易发生反复呼吸道感染。儿康宁治疗在改善缺铁状态的同时 ,对婴幼儿RRTI有减少发病、缩短病程及改善症状的作用 ,值得推广应用     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.