过渡金属催化C—H键氟化反应研究进展

有机氟化物由于其特殊的性质被广泛应用于医药、农药以及材料领域中,然而由于氟元素的强电负性使得引入氟原子充满了挑战.过渡金属催化的碳氢键氟化反应由于其避免了使用预官能化的底物,而且对自然界中最广泛存在的碳氢键进行直接活化官能化,因此与传统的过渡金属催化的偶联反应相比在原子经济性、反应多样性以及环境友好性等方面都具有突出的优势.近十年来,利用过渡金属催化碳氢键氟化策略已经成为构建碳氟键重要手段和研究热点.作者较全面地综述近年来过渡金属催化的碳氟键构建的研究进展及合成应用,对该领域所存在的问题和局限性进行了总结,并对今后的发展做了展望.     

N-卤代琥珀酰亚胺参与的过渡金属催化芳基C—H键卤化反应研究进展

卤化反应是有机合成中一种强有力的工具.近年来,过渡金属催化的C—H键的卤化反应已经成为合成有机卤化物的重要方法之一.综述了以N-卤代琥珀酰亚胺为卤源,根据过渡金属类型的不同探讨其催化芳香环C—H键卤化的研究进展,对底物适应范围和反应机理等进行了详细论述,并就该领域的局限性和未来的发展前景进行了总结和展望.     

官能团导向的C—H键与有机金属试剂构建C—C键的偶联反应

过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化是有机化学领域的研究热点之一,碳氢键直接参与的偶联反应为碳碳键的构建提供了的一种高效便捷途径.过渡金属活化碳氢键产生的碳-金属中间体与有机亲电试剂的偶联反应已有广泛报道和综述,相应的中间体与有机金属试剂的氧化偶联反应在近年来不断有新的研究成果出现.该综述以C—H及C—M中的碳原子的杂化类型作为分类标准,对近十年来不同类型的碳氢键与有机金属试剂的偶联反应进行总结和讨论,并对今后的发展方向进行展望.     

双金属促进的均相碳氢键活化反应（英文）

近年来,过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化反应得到了快速的发展,已成为构建碳碳键及碳杂原子键的重要手段之一。利用双金属之间的协同效应,发展的双金属促进的碳氢键活化反应也引起了广泛的关注,并在均相催化领域里取得了良好的应用。双金属促进的碳氢键活化反应与单金属催化的碳氢键活化反应相比,能够表现出不同的化学选择性、区域选择性以及立体选择性,体现了其独特之处。本综述总结了各种双金属促进的碳氢键活化体系,同时依据实验和理论研究结果对可能的反应机理进行了探讨。     

导向碳氢键活化与不饱和分子的电氧化环化反应

过渡金属催化导向碳氢键活化与不饱和分子的环化反应已成为合成复杂碳环和杂环化合物的高效途径,但反应中往往需要额外加入化学计量化学氧化剂来实现反应循环.电化学有机合成可利用电流代替昂贵、有毒的化学氧化剂,是一种环境友好的绿色合成手段.近年来,电化学有机合成与过渡金属(如Pd、Ni、Co、Ru、Cu、Rh、Ir等)催化碳氢键活化的结合取得了显著的进展.重点介绍了过渡金属催化导向C—H活化与炔烃、烯烃、一氧化碳和异氰等不饱和分子的电氧化环化反应的最新进展,并对该领域未来发展方向进行了展望.     

过渡金属催化的双齿导向基辅助的惰性C(sp~3)—H键芳基化

近年来,过渡金属催化的惰性碳氢键官能团化受到广泛关注,然而,C(sp3)—H键由于低极性、高解离能和低选择性,其选择性活化尤为困难.综述了过渡金属催化的双齿导向基辅助的C(sp3)—H键芳基化的最新研究进展,主要探讨了不同过渡金属催化下芳基化反应的底物范围、反应机理和合成应用.     

过渡金属催化碳氢键三氟甲基化

近几年来, 过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应取得了重要的进展. 该领域的反应主要集中于端炔的sp碳氢键活化三氟甲基化反应、芳烃和杂环的sp²碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应以及烯丙基sp³碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应. 本文简要介绍了该类反应的特点, 概述了该领域的最新进展、面临的挑战及以后研究发展的重点和方向.     

非共价作用在过渡金属催化的选择性碳氢键活化中的应用

过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化是合成有机化合物最有效的工具之一，基于底物本身官能团或者共价键连接的导向基策略是目前实现碳氢键选择性活化的主要手段.非共价作用在分子生物学、超分子化学、材料科学及药物研发中具有重要意义，近年来，非共价作用也被应用于过渡金属催化的惰性碳氢键的选择性活化.本文总结了非共价作用在选择性碳氢键活化领域的研究进展，并按照非共价键的作用类型，将其分为氢键作用、离子对作用、路易斯酸碱对作用和静电作用等，探讨了催化体系中心金属、配体和底物间相互作用力的模式，并展望了未来研究工作的方向.     

Pd催化下烯烃、炔烃及芳烃的氧化偶联反应研究进展

1967年,Fujiwara和Moritani首次报道了一种新型的交叉偶联反应,该反应是在过渡金属通常是钯的作用下芳基碳氢键直接偶联到烯烃碳氢键上,生成新的碳碳键.在接下来的几十年时间里,钯催化的氧化偶联反应成为了一种重要的有机合成手段,在相关领域已经涌现出很多令人瞩目的科研成果.综述了Pd催化下烯烃、炔烃及芳烃的氧化偶联反应研究进展.     

氨基酸作为瞬态导向基在碳氢键活化反应中的研究进展

近年来,基于瞬态导向策略的碳氢键活化获得了极大关注,与传统的碳氢键活化反应相比,瞬态导向基团辅助碳氢键活化无需额外进行导向基的预安装和后期去除步骤,大大提高了反应的原子和步骤经济性.在目前发现的瞬态导向基中,氨基酸作为导向基进行碳氢活化获得了重大成果.氨基酸具有廉价易得、来源广泛及结构丰富多样的优点,通过使用α或β-氨基酸进行导向控制碳氢活化反应的位点选择性,并且可利用氨基酸的固有手性诱导反应的立体选择性.综述了近年来以氨基酸为瞬态导向基、过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化研究进展,按照不同氨基酸导向基所进行的各类底物的C—H官能团化反应进行分类,并对该领域目前的局限和未来发展进行了总结和展望.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.