纳米碳材料在可穿戴柔性导电材料中的应用研究进展

可穿戴设备的兴起使得对柔性器件的需求日益提高,柔性导电材料作为可穿戴器件的重要组成部分而成为研究的热点。传统的电极材料主要是金属,因金属材料本身不具有柔性,一般通过降低金属层厚度以及设计波纹结构等策略实现其在柔性器件中的应用,其加工程序复杂,成本较高。以碳纳米管和石墨烯为代表的纳米碳材料兼具良好的柔性和优异的导电性,且具有化学稳定、热稳定、光学透明性等优点,在柔性导电材料领域展现了极大的应用潜力。本文简要综述了近年来纳米碳材料在柔性导电材料领域的研究进展,首先介绍了碳纳米管基柔性导电材料,分别包括基于碳纳米管水平阵列、碳纳米管垂直阵列、碳纳米管薄膜、碳纳米管纤维的柔性导电材料;继而介绍了石墨烯基柔性导电材料,包括基于剥离法制备的石墨烯和化学气相沉积法制备的石墨烯以及石墨烯纤维基柔性导电材料;并简述了碳纳米管/石墨烯复合柔性导电材料;最后论述了纳米碳材料基柔性导电材料所面临的挑战并展望了其未来发展方向。     

低熔点金属/聚合物复合材料的研究现状

聚合物基导电复合材料在电磁屏蔽、导电、抗静电、自限温加热、甚至导热等领域,具有广泛的用途。这类复合材料中所用的填料主要有金属、炭黑、石墨、石墨烯等。这些填料在加工过程中处于固态。与之不同的是,低熔点金属熔点低,在加工过程中处于液态,从而可以降低复合体系粘度、提高加工性能、降低设备磨损;还可以实现加工过程中填料原位细化和原位纤维化,以及形成双连续相结构。本文概述了低熔点金属填充聚合物复合材料的制备方法,以及复合材料结构、导电性、流变性和力学性能的主要特点,分析了与其它聚合物基导电复合材料相比LMPM/聚合物复合材料的优势,指出了该领域需要进一步研究的方向。     

形状记忆聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的导电及导热性能

利用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微小结晶的物理交联点作用,制备了形状记忆性能优异的聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯聚合物(PVDF/ACM)共混材料,为提高其导电及导热性能,于其中引入了碳纳米管(CNT),系统研究了PVDF/ACM/CNT三元体系纳米复合材料的导热及导电性能。结果表明,碳纳米管在PVDF/ACM体系中分散均匀;在基本保持其形状记忆性能的前提下,碳纳米管的加入使材料导热性能及导电性能有较大程度的提高:质量分数为4%的CNT使材料25℃的电阻值降低至5000Ω/square,导热系数提高至0.157 W/(m·K)。     

基于原位体积加成制备导电线路的研究

本文提出一种制备导电电路的方法。以纳米铜为导电填料，以光固化树脂为连接剂，制备含铜光固化油墨，利用丝网印刷方法获得含有纳米铜的图案，利用铜与银盐间的置换反应，将铜纳米粒子图案通过原位体积加成转化为导电银图案。研究结果表明，铜图案不具有导电性，而置换反应生成的银图案具有导电性，且导电能力受铜含量、银盐浓度、光照时间、浸泡反应时间等因素影响，本实验中获得的最高电导率为1.25×10⁵ S/m，导电线路具有良好的耐弯曲、耐疲劳性能，同时兼具优异的可修复性能，为导电线路的制备提供了常温下简单有效、成本低廉的实现方法，具有重要的参考价值。     

形状记忆聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的导电及导热性能

利用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微小结晶的物理交联点作用,制备了形状记忆性能优异的聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯聚合物（PVDF/ACM）共混材料,为提高其导电及导热性能,于其中引入了碳纳米管（CNT）,系统研究了PVDF/ACM/CNT三元体系纳米复合材料的导热及导电性能。 结果表明,碳纳米管在PVDF/ACM体系中分散均匀;在基本保持其形状记忆性能的前提下,碳纳米管的加入使材料导热性能及导电性能有较大程度的提高：质量分数为4%的CNT使材料25 ℃的电阻值降低至5000 Ω/square,导热系数提高至0.157 W/(m·K)。     

银包玻珠核壳复合粒子的表面处理及环氧导电胶的电性能

以化学还原法合成的银包玻珠核壳复合粒子(Ag/GM)为原料, 乙二胺为表面处理剂, 制备了表面吸附有乙二胺的Ag/GM, 并用它作为导电填料组成了导电胶. 与化学还原法直接合成或沸水处理的Ag/GM相比, 乙二胺处理的Ag/GM能更有效地分散在环氧树脂胶黏剂中, 且能与环氧树脂基体产生化学键合, 降低Ag/GM和环氧树脂基体间的界面能, 用其制备的导电胶的导电率较高, 导电渗滤阈值较低. 同时, 结合导电网络理论和等效电路图, 阐明了用乙二胺处理的Ag/GM作填料制备的导电胶具有较低体积电阻率的原因.     

木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂研究进展

木质素由于化学结构与苯酚相似,通过活化改性可部分替代苯酚制备木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂。既可降低成本、达到生物质资源高效利用的目的,并且制备的木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂有毒残余较低,具有环保意义,是合成制备生物质高分子材料的重要途径。本文综述了国内外研究人员在木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂研究领域的最新进展,重点介绍了化学改性、物理改性、生物改性等木质素活化改性方法,比较了不同改性产物制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂的性能,并对影响木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂实现工业化应用的主要因素进行了分析。     

碳纳米管复合导电剂的应用研究

锂离子电池及其相关技术的发展对容量、充放电倍率特性、循环寿命和加工适用性等提出了更高的要求.目前最常用的负极和正极材料与电解液相容性差,充放电过程中结构变化大易剥落导致电池循环稳定性差.鉴于碳纳米管大的长径比、良好的导电性能、优异的力学性能和化学惰性,很适于用作导电剂提升电池性能.本文主要研究了碳纳米管复合材料用作导电剂,并制作成品锂离子电池检测其性能.主要取得了两项实用成果:(1)获得碳纳米管复合导电剂的制备方法,而且采用简单的机械搅拌就可以将复合导电剂进行有效均匀分散,易于进行规模化应用;(2)用碳纳米管复合材料作导电剂,与目前常用的导电剂导电碳黑相比,锂离子电池循环寿命提高一倍以上.     

ATO纳米粉体的燃烧合成研究

锑掺杂氧化锡(Antimony鄄dopedtinoxideATO)是一种新型多功能材料,具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、机械稳定性好的特点而被广泛应用。作为新型导电填料,可用于材料的抗静电,其效果优于传统的碳黑、金属粉体,表面活性剂等,性价比高于最近提出的碳纳米管导电材料。用于电致变色材料可以替代     

碳纳米管复合导电剂的应用研究

锂离子电池及其相关技术的发展对容量、充放电倍率特性、循环寿命和加工适用性等提出了更高的要求。目前最常用的负极和正极材料与电解液相容性差，充放电过程中结构变化大易剥落导致电池循环稳定性差。鉴于碳纳米管大的长径比、良好的导电性能、优异的力学性能和化学惰性，很适于用作导电剂提升电池性能。本文主要研究了碳纳米管复合材料用作导电剂，并制作成品锂离子电池检测其性能。主要取得了两项实用成果：（1）获得碳纳米管复合导电剂的制备方法，而且采用简单的机械搅拌就可以将复合导电剂进行有效均匀分散，易于进行规模化应用；（2）用碳纳米管复合材料作导电剂，与目前常用的导电剂导电碳黑相比，锂离子电池循环寿命提高一倍以上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.