3D石墨烯基气凝胶的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

超级电容器作为一种新型的能源存储装置,由于其较高的功率密度、优良的充放电特性、超长的循环寿命,使其在移动电源,新能源汽车等众多领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。3D石墨烯基气凝胶具有多孔结构、大的比表面积、高的导电率、优异的机械性能和电子传输能力,它一直被认为是超级电容器的理想电极材料。本文综述了3D石墨烯基气凝胶的制备方法及其在超级电容器中的应用现状,并展望了其在超级电容器中的应用前景。     

一种高效的多孔氮掺杂碳基气凝胶催化剂及其催化乙苯氧化性能

通过水热合成和高温煅烧的方法制备了多孔氮掺杂碳基复合气凝胶,其可作为一种高效的催化剂.该方法是以蒲绒和石墨烯气凝胶作为碳源和模板,尿素作为氮源.分别采用XRD,FT-IR,Raman和TEM对这些催化剂进行表征分析.以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂,探究该复合气凝胶在乙苯选择性氧化生成苯乙酮的反应体系中的催化性能,实验结果表明,该复合气凝胶在该体系中具有优异的催化活性,苯乙酮的选择性可达92%以上.这是由于复合气凝胶中的多孔结构,氮元素的掺杂以及蒲绒和石墨烯气凝胶之间的相互作用.将生物质蒲绒转化为高催化活性碳材料,这种新颖的方法为寻找高性能催化氧化乙苯的催化剂提供了新的设计前景.     

新型碳材料——石墨烯的制备及其在电化学中的应用

作为单原子厚度的二维碳原子材料,石墨烯由于其特殊的结构和物化性能而成为目前碳基材料中的一个研究热点。本文主要介绍了石墨烯及其复合纳米材料制备的一些新方法。结合石墨烯优良的导电性和生物相容性,论述了石墨烯在电化学分析领域,以及电催化、超级电容器和电化学电池等方面的应用。     

石墨烯气凝胶吸附剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用

石墨烯气凝胶(GA)是以石墨烯为主体的三维互联的多孔网络结构,因其具有优良的结构可控性、极大的比表面积、独特的空间互联结构、良好的电子传输能力成为水处理中应用的理想材料。至今已经有大量制备GA的方法,其性能和结构因制备方法的不同差异很大,但是尚未有文献系统地报道GA的制备机理和不同方法与GA结构及性能之间的联系。本文系统性地介绍GA吸附剂的制备方法与它在水处理中的应用并进行展望。对GA的结构特性尤其是与吸附有关的特性以及结构和吸附之间的关系进行分析,并通过对GA的制备机理和制备过程中的关键因素进行归纳,基于GA的制备机理将其制备方法进行分类(模板法、垫片支撑法、自支撑法、基面法和凝胶法)并对五种方法进行了详细介绍,对目前GA在水处理技术中(吸附、光催化、去离子电容等)去除重金属和有机污染物相关应用和机理进行综述,最后对目前GA在环境中应用中存在的问题及研究前景进行了总结和展望。     

新型碳材料——石墨烯的制备及其在电化学中的应用

作为单原子厚度的二维碳原子材料,石墨烯由于其特殊的结构和物化性能而成为目前碳基材料中的一个研究热点.本文主要介绍了石墨烯及其复合纳米材料制备的一些新方法.结合石墨烯优良的导电性和生物相容性,论述了石墨烯在电化学分析领域,以及电催化、超级电容器和电化学电池等方面的应用.     

石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的导电、导热和力学性能,既能够自组装为电化学性能优良的石墨烯水凝胶,又可以与小分子和聚合物进行复合制备多功能性复合水凝胶,大幅度地拓展了传统水凝胶的应用范围。本文主要分为四部分来综述近些年来石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展。第一部分简要介绍了石墨烯的研究背景和石墨烯基水凝胶的研究意义。第二部分主要根据石墨烯基水凝胶的组成将其分为石墨烯水凝胶、石墨烯/小分子和石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶三类,分别介绍了它们的制备方法、形成机理和凝胶性能。其中,对石墨烯/小分子复合水凝胶的介绍以石墨烯基超分子水凝胶为主,而对石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶的介绍以智能型水凝胶为主。第三部分主要介绍了石墨烯基水凝胶在超级电容器、水处理、控释药物、微流体开关、催化剂载体等方面的应用和发展。最后,对该领域所面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。     

电化学法绿色快捷制备石墨烯及其复合材料

石墨烯及其复合材料具有优异的物理和化学性能,在电子、能源、催化、医药以及生物传感等领域应用潜能巨大,因此探究高质量、高产量和规模化的制备方法对石墨烯基复合材料未来的开发和应用至关重要.电化学法是一种有望实现绿色规模化制备石墨烯及其复合材料的方法,本文作者综述了国内外电化学制备石墨烯及其复合材料的主要方法:阳极氧化、阴极还原、电化学还原、离子液体功能化、电沉积、电聚合等,并对其反应原理和主要影响因素进行了详细的分析和介绍,最后对其应用前景进行了深度的展望.     

石墨烯基气凝胶小球的可控制备

石墨烯气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的三维宏观材料,因其孔隙率高、比表面积大和密度低等特点在水体污染物的吸附去除方面具有广阔的应用前景,已成为当今的研究热点.然而相关研究大多集中在块体石墨烯气凝胶,对于气凝胶小球的研究较少.本文结合相关领域的最新研究进展,综述了石墨烯基气凝胶小球的制备方法,包括静电喷雾、静电纺丝、微流...     

多巴胺和L-精氨酸制备超轻氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶吸油性能的研究

采用水热法制备了超轻氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶。分析表征结果表明,多巴胺不仅为还原剂而且提供氮源,石墨烯溶液前躯体的pH值对水热法制备超轻氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶很大的影响,通过调节多巴胺和L-精氨酸在石墨烯溶液前躯体的浓度,可制备密度为2.54 mg/cm³超轻氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶,由于氮掺杂、低密度和大的比表面积,超轻氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶对各种油品都有良好的吸附性能。     

PdNi/石墨烯气凝胶电催化甲酸氧化（英文）

甲酸电氧化性能提升对发展直接甲酸燃料池至关重要。本文首次报道了采用简便的冷冻干燥/退火还原的方法将PdNi合金与三维石墨烯气凝胶进行了高效耦合并实现了对甲酸氧化反应的高效催化。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等仪器对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征,并对其催化甲酸氧化反应的性能进行了研究。PdNi以合金纳米粒子形式分散在三维石墨烯气凝胶(PdNi/GA)表面,PdNi/GA催化剂中Pd的XPS能谱有明显的位移,表明Pd,Ni和石墨烯气凝胶载体之间有较强的电子相互作用。电化学测试结果表明PdNi/GA催化剂具有很高的的甲酸电氧化性能,其峰值电流密度为136 mA·cm~(-2),分别是Pd/GA (68 mA·cm~(-2))和Pd/C (39.4 mA·cm~(-2))的2倍和3.45倍。在CO溶出伏安测试中,PdNi/GA催化剂的起始电位和峰电位分别是0.49和0.67 V,证明PdNi/GA催化剂具有优异的抗CO毒化能力。PdNi/GA良好的催化性能可以归因于石墨烯三维结构提供的优异的分散性及导电性和钯镍合金抗CO中毒能力的提升。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.