聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯－聚四氢呋喃两嵌段共聚物／聚四氢呋喃共混体系的相容性和结晶行为

报道了对嵌段共聚物结晶型共混体系结晶行为的研究．通过对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯－聚四氢呋喃两嵌段共聚物／聚四氢呋喃共混体系的研究，我们发现１．微相分离结构的存在，可使相容的这类体系形成多种特殊的结晶形态；２．共混体系的相容性可以方便地由其结晶行为来判断；３．共混体系中共聚物的结晶能力显著提高．这些特点都明显不同于一般的聚合物共混体系．     

聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯三嵌段共聚物的微相分离与结晶

本工作研究了多分散和单分散聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯三嵌段共聚物(PEO-PS-PEO)的结晶行为,及这些试样按非晶型嵌段共聚物进行微相分离后再结晶的结晶特点.     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚右旋乳酸二嵌段共聚物的热性能和结晶行为研究

合成了系列聚右旋乳酸(PDLA)嵌段重量分率(fw=0～0.61)的窄分子量分布聚苯乙烯-b-聚右旋乳酸二嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PDLA).运用温度调制示差扫描热分析仪(TMDSC)和热台偏振光显微镜(POM)等研究手段,对制备所得的结晶性二嵌段共聚物的热性能、结晶速率与结晶形貌等进行了研究.研究结果表明,与聚右旋乳酸均聚物相比,随着PS-b-PDLA中结晶性PDLA嵌段重量分率fw减少,无定形聚苯乙烯嵌段(PS)对PDLA嵌段链段的结晶抑制作用增强,PS-b-PDLA的热结晶性能与结晶形貌发生显著变化;相对于PDLA均聚物,PS-b-PDLA的冷结晶温度(Tcc)和结晶平衡熔点(Tm0)分别下降14℃和38℃,球晶生长速率明显降低.在无定形PS嵌段链段的玻璃化温度(Tg)附近,二嵌段PS-b-PDLA的结晶行为出现拐点,揭示PS嵌段由于相分离所形成纳米微相空间对PS-b-PDLA中PDLA链段的结晶产生影响,并且该影响作用程度与PDLA嵌段的重量分率fw和结晶温度(Tc)相关。     

嵌段共聚物PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH的多重结晶行为

通过采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)主要研究了结晶-非晶嵌段共聚物聚乙烯基环己烷-b-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH)溶液结晶样品的熔融与非等温再结晶过程.探讨了溶液结晶样品中微相分离结构的形成对嵌段共聚物受限结晶的影响,并发现样品在熔融后的非等温结晶过程中出现了多重结晶峰.通过对嵌段共聚物有序、...     

聚合物受限结晶的研究进展

随着纳米材料研究的迅速发展,聚合物由于其分子固有的纳米尺度结构,无论作为纳米器件或在模板应用方面都受到广泛瞩目.在微纳领域的应用中,特定受限环境下,结晶聚合物的结晶行为也因此受到广泛关注.本文从均聚物(及无规共聚物)和半晶型嵌段聚合物两方面总结了近年来聚合物受限结晶领域的研究进展.对于均聚物和无规共聚物,人们主要关注其在薄膜、超薄膜条件下的受限结晶性能,关注点为随着膜厚减小而引入的空间效应和界面效应对聚合物结晶性能的影响.而对于半晶型嵌段共聚物受限结晶的研究则多从本体出发,来研究纳米相分离与结晶的竞争过程、纳米相分离区域对于可结晶嵌段结晶生长的几何限制(空间效应)以及嵌段连接点(结晶嵌段的末端)对于结晶嵌段结晶行为的影响.     

全共轭聚噻吩类和聚硒吩类嵌段共聚物的凝聚态结构调控

嵌段共聚物可发生微相分离形成丰富的介观尺度上的相结构,而共轭聚合物是一类具有特殊的力学、导电性能或光电功能的半刚性链高分子.全共轭嵌段共聚物因其兼具两者的特性而备受瞩目.本文着重介绍了近年来课题组在基于全共轭聚(3-烷基噻吩)和聚(3-烷基硒吩)嵌段共聚物体系的研究进展,通过改变体系的分子结构包括主侧链结构、侧链的烷基长度及取代基团等以及对体系在溶液状态及薄膜状态进行后处理包括改变溶剂、热处理、溶剂蒸气处理等来调控体系的微相分离行为和结晶行为,实现对材料凝聚态结构的调控.在此基础上,以有机场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池器件作为最终体现聚噻吩或聚硒吩类体系凝聚态结构与性能关系的平台,将获得的调控体系凝聚态结构的有效策略用于实现其半导体材料物理性能的提升.     

用透射电镜法研究聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯)二嵌段共聚物微相分离的微区尺寸

本文采用透射电镜(TEM)法,系统地研究了具有不同组成,不同分子量和不同形态结构的聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯)二嵌段共聚物,并由TEM照片直接测量具有栓状,层状和有规双连续双金钢石(OBDD)结构的PS-PI二嵌共聚物的微区尺寸,讨论了其与分子量的关系。实验证明嵌段共聚物微相分离有规结构的微区尺寸大小与分子量呈2/3的关系。     

微量聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚四氢呋喃共混体系稀固体溶液中共聚物胶束的抑制成核作用

本工作将Leibler、Whitmore和Mayes等近期关于非晶嵌段共聚物共混体系胶束理论应用于结晶嵌段共聚物共混体系的熔融态,对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚四氢呋喃两嵌段共聚物与聚四氢呋喃均聚物共混体系的结晶行为进行了研究.结果表明,很低的共聚物浓度(如1％),其胶束在共混体系的结晶过程中即可显著地起到抑制成核的作用.这对改善结晶均聚物的形态及性能有一定的应用价值.     

聚乙烯基环己烷-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷三嵌段共聚物溶液的受限结晶研究

嵌段共聚物由于组分间的化学不相容性而发生微相分离,组装成各种有序的纳米结构,如球、圆柱、层及双连续结构等．半晶型嵌段共聚物由于引入了能结晶的组分,使体系中存在两种相互竞争的过程,即微相分离与结晶,所以能形成更为丰富的有序结构．聚乙烯基环己烷-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷[Poly(Vinylcyclohexane)-b-poly(ethylene)-b-poly(vinylcyclohexane),     

PDMS-MDI-PEG多嵌段共聚物涂层表面微相分离行为研究

采用两步溶液聚合方法合成了一系列聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)-聚乙二醇(PEG)多嵌段共聚物.利用轻敲模式原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了嵌段共聚物的表明形貌,研究了退火、共聚物组成以及PEG分子量和不同的官能团对涂层表面微相分离行为的影响,同时对微相分离行为的形成机理也作了相应的探讨.研究表明,该嵌段共聚物即使在PDMS含量大于50wt%时,涂层表面仍呈现出规整有序的纳米级相分离结构,其中疏水相和亲水相分别由PDMS链段和MDI-PEG组分构成.     

Crystallization and Melting of Model Polyethylenes with Different Chain Structures

The crystallization and melting of three model polyethylenes of different chain structures have been studied. The polymers studied were a linear copolymer, hydrogenated poly(butadiene); a hydrogenated poly(butadiene)-atactic poly(propylene) diblock copolymer; and a three-arm star hydrogenated poly(butadiene). An important feature of this work was that the crystallizing portions of the copolymers all have the same molecular lengths.It was found that the overall crystallization rate decreases steadily from a linear to a diblock to the star copolymer. The differences in crystallization rates are related primarily to the activation energy for segmental transport. The non-crystallizable structure affects the segmental mobility to different degrees. An estimation of this effect is presented from the analysis of the overall crystallization rates using classical nucleation theory. In spite of thedifferences in their molecular structure, there are no major differences in the supermolecular structure of samples crystallized rapidly or slowly cooled.The melting process followed by DSC of the isothermally crystallized linear and star copolymers shows two endothermic peaks at intermediate undercoolings. The double melting is associated with a partitioning of crystallizable ethylene sequences during crystallization. The longest sequences are preferentially selected in the early stages of the crystallization. Single melting peaks are obtained for high and very low undercoolings for the linear and the star copolymers as well as for the diblock in the whole range of temperatures. The lack of the second, lower melting endotherm in the diblock could be associated with the influence in the crystallization process of the amorphous block in the microphase segregated melt.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

In situ study of the breakout crystallization in the poly(butadiene)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) thin film

Despite its wide occurrence in soft confined block co-polymers, breakout crystallization remains poorly understood and is difficult to control. In this work, thin films of cylinder-forming poly(butadiene)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PB-b-PCL) diblock co-polymers, with PCL being the minority block, have been chosen as the study subject. We demonstrate a new route to study the breakout crystallization by obtaining the microphase separation structure within terraced lamellae first and then in situ tracking down the lamellar coalescence, resulting from the development of the crystal growth front. We find that the crystal growth front has sucked materials from the surrounding amorphous lamellae, which lead to the decrease of the lamellar zones and coalescence of the microphase separation structure. Dividing the breakout crystallization into parallel breakout and vertical breakout, we illustrate that it is the crystallization-driven molecular diffusion that make the molecules overcome the topography constraint and grow into large-scale spherulite. Moreover, the results show that the polymer microphase separation structure has a significant influence on the crystal nucleation and greatly retarded the crystal growth rate. With a well-designed microphase separation structure within terraces and an easily tunable atomic force microscopy in situ imaging technique, an intensive study of the breakout crystallization and concomitant microdomain coalescence has been offered.     

Morphology of a highly asymmetric double crystallizable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymer

The morphology of a highly asymmetric double crystallizable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-b-ethylene oxide) (PCL-b-PEO) block copolymer has been studied with in situ simultaneously small and wide-angle x-ray scattering as well as atomic force microscopy. The molecular masses Mn of the PCL and PEO blocks are 24,000 and 5800, respectively. X-ray scattering and rheological measurements indicate that no microphase separation occurs in the melt. Decreasing the temperature simultaneously triggers off a crystallization of PCL and microphase separation between the PCL and PEO blocks. Coupling and competition between microphase separation and crystallization results in a morphology of PEO spheres surrounded by PCL partially crystallized in lamella. Further decreasing temperature induces the crystallization of PEO spheres, which have a preferred orientation due to the confinements from hard PCL crystalline lamella and from soft amorphous PCL segments in different sides. The final morphology of this highly asymmetric block copolymer is similar to the granular morphology reported for syndiotactic polypropylene and other (co-) polymers. This implies a similar underlying mechanism of coupling and competition of various phase transitions, which is worth further exploration.     

Photoinduced alignment of nanocylinders by supramolecular cooperative motions

A linearly polarized laser beam was used to control nanocylinders self-assembled in an amphiphilic diblock liquid-crystalline copolymer consisting of flexible poly(ethylene oxide) as a hydrophilic block and poly(methacrylate) containing an azobenzene moiety in the side chain as a hydrophobic liquid-crystalline segment. The perfect array of poly(ethylene oxide) nanocylinders was achieved, aligned perpendicularly to the polarization direction of the actinic light by supramolecular cooperative motions between the ordered azobenzene and microphase separation. By the simple and convenient way of photocontrol, the macroscopic parallel patterning of nanocylinders can be easily obtained in an arbitrary area.     

The phase behavior of comblike block copolymer A(m+1)B(m)/homopolymer A mixtures

The phase behaviors of comblike block copolymer A(m+1)B(m)/homopolymer A mixtures are studied by using the random phase approximation method and real-space self-consistent field theory. From the spinodals of macrophase separation and microphase separation, we can find that the number of graft and the length of the homopolymer A have great effects on the phase behavior of the blend. For a given composition of comblike block copolymer, increasing the number of graft does not change the macrophase separation spinodal curve but decreases the microphase separation region. The addition of a small quantity of long-chain homopolymer A increases the microphase separation of comblike block copolymer/homopolymer A mixture. However, the addition of short-chain homopolymer A will decrease the phase separation region of comblike block copolymer/homopolymer A mixture. It is also found that the microstructure formed by diblock copolymer is easier to be swelled by homopolymer than that formed by comblike block copolymer. This can be attributed to the architecture difference between the comblike block copolymer and linear block copolymer.     

Radiation‐induced fabrication of polymer nanoporous materials from microphase‐separated structure of diblock copolymers as a template

Polymer nanoporous materials with periodic cylindrical holes were fabricated from microphase‐separated structure of diblock copolymers consisting of a radiation‐crosslinking polymer and a radiation‐degrading polymer through simultaneous crosslinking and degradation by γ‐irradiation. A polybutadiene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PB‐b‐PMMA) diblock copolymer film that self‐assembles into hexagonally packed poly(methyl methacrylate) cylinders in polybutadiene matrix was irradiated with γ‐rays. Solubility test, IR spectroscopy, and TEM and SEM observations for this copolymer film in comparison with a polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer film revealed that poly(methyl methacrylate) domains were removed by γ‐irradiation and succeeding solvent washing to form cylindrical holes within polybutadiene matrix, which was rigidified by radiation crosslinking. Thus, it was demonstrated that nanoporous materials can be prepared by γ‐irradiation, maintaining the original structure of PB‐b‐PMMA diblock copolymer film. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5916–5922, 2007     

Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of double crystallization accelerated in microdomains of diblock copolymers

We report dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of microphase separated diblock copolymers, to investigate how crystallization of one species could accelerate the subsequent crystallization of another species. Although the lattice copolymer model brings a boundary constraint to the long periods of microdomains, the single-molecular-level force balance between two blocks and its change can be revealed in this simple approach. We found two contrastable acceleration mechanisms: (1) the metastable lamellar crystals of one species become thicker at higher crystallization temperatures, sacrificing its microphase interfacial area to make a larger coil-stretching of another amorphous species and hence to accelerate subsequent crystallization of the latter with a more favorable conformation. (2) While in the case allowing chain-sliding in the crystal, the equilibrated lamellar crystals of one species become thinner at higher temperatures, sacrificing its thermal stability to gain a higher conformational entropy of another amorphous species and hence to accelerate subsequent crystallization of the latter with a stronger tension at the block junction. Parallel situations of experiments have been discussed.