Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoxazines, 1,4-Benzothiazines,Spiro-1,4-benzoxazines,and Spiro-1,4-benzothiazines

An efficient, convenient synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazines, 1,4-benzothiazines, spiro-1,4-benzoxazines, and spiro-1,4-benzothiazines derivatives was accomplished in good yields via the novel intramolecular cyclization mediated by mild base K₂CO₃ in ethanol solvent. A variety of substrates can participate in the process with good yields, making this methodology have broad applicability. All the structures of synthesized compound have been confirmed by spectral analysis.

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Antioxidant activity of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene

5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene (DDMN), a substituted phenol, is synthesized by reduction of a cyclic dione, 1,4,4a,8a-tetrahydro-endo-1,4-methano-naphtha-5,8-dione (THMND). Pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to understand the nature of transient species formed on reaction of radiolytic species of water radiolysis with DDMN.^•OH radicals were observed to react with DDMN with a bimolecular rate constant of 1.5×10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. Inhibition of radiation induced lipid-peroxidation by DDMN was studied in rat liver microsomes by assessing the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). It was found to be strongly inhibitory. The results suggest that DDMN has very good antioxidant activity and may possibly emerge as a good radio-protector.     

Simons electrochemical fluorination of substituted homopiperazines(hexahydro-1,4-diazepines) and piperazines

Simons electrochemical fluorination (ECF) of 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine, methyl 4-ethylhomopiperazin-1-ylacetate and 1,4-bis(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4-homopiperazine was studied. For comparison, ECF of three piperazines with a N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl) group(s) was also studied. ECF of 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine gave a low yield of corresponding perfluoro(1,4-dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine) together with perfluoro(2,6-diaza-2,6-dimethylheptane) as the major product. Corresponding perfluoro(homopiperazines) with mono- and/or di-(fluorocarbonyldifluoromethyl) groups [CF₂C(O)F] at the 1- and/or 4-position were formed in low yields from methyl 4-ethylhomopiperazin-1-ylacetate and 1,4-bis(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4-homopiperazine, respectively. These new seven-membered perfluoro(1,4-dialkyl-1,4-homopiperazines) were accompanied by the formation of mono- and/or di-basic linear perfluoroacid fluorides resulting from the CC bond scission at the 2- and 3-positions of the ring. From mono- and/or di-N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-substituted piperazines, corresponding perfluoropeperazines having the acid fluoride group(s) were formed in low yields.     

Conformational flexibility of 1,4-dihydroazine carbonyl derivatives

Summary The molecular geometry of 4-oxo derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine, 1,4-dihydropyrimidine, 1,4-dihydropyridazine, and 1,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine has been calculated by the semi-empirical quantum-chemical AM1 method. It could be shown that the dihydrocycle in these compounds is not conformationally rigid. Changing the angle between the endocyclic double bond planes ±15° causes less than 1 kcal/mol increase of energy.

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Konformative Flexibilität von 1,4-Dihydroazin-carbonyl-Derivaten (Kurze Mitt.)

Zusammenfassung Die molekulare Geometrie von 4-Oxo-Derivaten von 1,4-Dihydropyridin, 1,4-Dihydropyrimidin, 1,4-Dihydropyridazin und 1,4-Dihydro-1,3,5-triazin wurde mittels der semiempirischen quantenchemischen AM1-Methode berechnet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß der zweifach hydrierte Ring in diesen Verbindungen nicht starr ist. Eine Änderung des Winkels zwischen den Ebenen der endocyclischen Doppelbindungen um ±15° bewirkt eine Energieerhöhung von weniger als 1 kcal/mol.

     

Synthesis and investigation of cytotoxicity of new N- and S,S-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) derivatives on selected cancer lines

1,4-Naphthoquinones (1,4-NQ) have been reported to possess a variety of pharma-cological properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-artherosclerotic, and anticancer effects. In this study, new N- and S,S-substituted-1,4-NQ derivatives were synthesized in excellent yields and were completely characterized by spectroscopic analysis IR, NMR (¹H and ¹³C), MS and microanalysis. The cytotoxic activities of 1,4-NQ derivatives were examined against to A-549, DU145, HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Among these compounds, 2-[4-(2-furoyl)piperazine-1-yl]-3-chloro-1,4-NQ 5 and 2,3-bis(cyclobuthylsulfanyl)-1,4-NQ 17 were identified as the most potent anticancer agents with cytotoxic activity against three cell lines (breast (MDA-MB-231), prostate (DU145), colorectal (HCT-116).     

A new synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxamides and 3-aminomethylene-1,4-benzodioxin-2(3H)-one derivatives

The 1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxylic esters or carboxamides react with nucleophilic amines to give access to 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxamides and 3-aminomethyn-1,4-benzodioxin-2(3H)-one precursors of potential therapeutical compounds. The basic environment (K₂CO₃ or amine) facilitates the process.     

Synthesis of 1,4-diazepin-5-ones under microwave irradiation and their reduction products

A new efficient access to 1,4-diazepane derivatives is described via a microwave assisted synthesis of 7-substituted-1,4-diazepin-5-ones, which proceeds rapidly in good yields. Catalytic reduction gave 1,4-diazepan-5-ones and 1,4-diazepanes whereas a ring opening was observed by hydride reduction when a phenyl group occupies the N-benzylic position.     

Investigations on the antioxidant activity of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene (DDMN)

5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene (DDMN), a substituted phenol, is synthesized by the reduction of a cyclic dione, 1,4,4a,8a-tetrahydro-endo-1,4-methano-naphtha-5,8-dione (THMND). The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to understand the nature of transient species formed by the reaction of radiolytic species of water radiolysis with DDMN. ^•OH radicals were observed to react with DDMN with a bimolecular rate constant of 1.5 × 10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. The inhibition of radiation-induced lipid-peroxidation by DDMN was studied in rat liver microsomes by assessing the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). It was found to be strongly inhibitory. The results suggest that DDMN has very good antioxidant activity and may possibly emerge as a good radio-protector. Dr. Hari Mohan: since deceased.     

Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted 1,4-benzodioxines

An Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted 1,4-benzodioxines was developed for the preparation of chiral 1,4-benzodioxanes, which are present in numerous biologically active compounds and natural products. Our tropos biphenyl phosphine-oxazoline ligand is essential for obtaining good ee. A broad range of substrates were tolerable to the reaction conditions and gave the corresponding hydrogenation products in excellent yields and with moderate to good enantioselectivities using the Ir-complex of our tropos phosphine-oxazoline ligand.     

Iodinated 1,4-naphthoquinones

Iodination of 5-amino- and 6-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones with I₂ and HIO₃ in aqueous dioxane occurs only at the benzoid ring. Depending on the reaction conditions, either aminoiodo- or aminodiiodonaphthoquinones are produced. Diazotization of these compounds followed by reduction or replacement of the diazo group with iodine affords mono- or polyiodo derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1465–1469, June, 2005.     

Rearrangement of 2-amino-1-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines

Heating of 2-amino-1-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines in acidic aqueous media gives 2-arylamino-1,4-dihydropyridines. The reaction formally involves the migration of the aryl substituent from the endo-to exocyclic N atom. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1259–1260, July, 2006.     

Water as an additive for selective synthesis of saturated 1,4-diketones and tetrasubstituted furans directly from 1,4-enediones

Water-controlled and phosphine-mediated selective synthesis of saturated 1,4-diketones and tetrasubstituted furans has been developed directly from 1,4-enediones. Saturated 1,4-diketones were selectively obtained in acetone with water as an additive, whereas tetrasubstituted furans were selectively obtained in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. A large variety of functional groups are tolerated under these reaction conditions, including electron-rich, electron-poor, halogen, and heteroaryl substituents. This method also has significant advantages in easily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, and high reaction efficiency.     

铑催化不对称1,4-共轭加成反应的研究进展

铑催化不对称1,4-共轭加成反应是一种非常有效的碳-碳键形成方法. 本文综述了近年来铑催化不对称1,4-共轭加成反应的研究进展, 包括α,β-不饱和酮、酯、酰胺、醛和砜等与某些亲核试剂的1,4-共轭加成反应.     

A general synthesis of N-substituted 1,4-benzoxazine- and 1,4-benzothiazine-2-carboxylates via copper-catalyzed intramolecular amination of arylbromides

Starting from ortho-bromosubstituted phenoxyacetates or (phenythio)acetates and primary amines, various N-substituted 4H-1,4-benzoxazine- and 4H-1,4-benzothiazine-2-carboxylates were synthesized in moderate to high yields by using a Cu(I)-catalyzed Ullmann-type cyclization as a key step. The method is simple to operate, tolerates many functional groups and does not require any additives.     

Synthesis of unsaturated 1,4-heteroatom-containing benzo-fused heterocycles using a sequential isomerization-ring-closing metathesis strategy

A small library of 1,4-benzodioxins and 4H-1,4-benzoxazines was synthesized from the corresponding bis-allyloxy precursors by way of an initial isomerization to the bis-vinyloxy compounds, followed by a ring-closing metathesis using the second generation Grubbs' catalyst (G2). A related strategy, starting from benzene-1,2-dithiol and 2-mercaptophenol, afforded benzodithiin and 1,4-benzoxathiin, respectively.     

Toxicity Effects of 1,4-Dinitrobenzene on Oryzias Latipes

Introduction Mostnitroaromaticsareprimaryenvironment pollutants.Theseindustrialchemicalshaveahigh exposuretotheaquaticecosystems.1,4-Dini- trobenzene(1,4-DNB)isoneofthemandpreferen- tiallystipulatedbyOECDandEPAofUSA.Sever- alpapershavereportedthetoxicityof1,4-DNBto theaquaticspecies.However,thereisnotasetof systematicdataontheecotoxicologicaleffectofthe chemicalonOryziaslatipes[1_5],whichhavebeen adoptedastheinternationalstandardexperiment fish. Inordertogetfurtherinformationaboutthe p…     

Synthesis of novel unsymmetrical coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines

The novel unsymmetrical 3,5-dialkoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-(7′,8′-dimethoxycoumarin-4′-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridines and 5-acetyl-3-alkoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-(7′,8′-dimethoxycoumarin-4′-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridines (coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines) have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of 4-formyl-7,8-dimethoxycoumarin with alkyl acetoacetates in the presence of AlCl₃ followed by cyclization of the resulted Knoevenagel product with other alkyl acetoacetate or acetyl acetone and ammonium acetate. The structure of the intermediate Knoevenagel product and the cyclized unsymmetrical coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines has been established on the basis of their spectral data analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The observed conformation of the coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines holds the key to promising calcium antagonistic activity of the synthesized coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines.     

Catalytic Synthesis of Fused 1,4-Dihydropyridines and 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Using Preyssler Heteropolyacids Catalyst

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines from β-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate and the synthesis of fused 1,4-dihydropyridines from dimedone in the presence of Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst are reported under reflux conditions with good to excellent yields. Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst is easily prepared, stable (up to 300 °C), reusable, efficient, green and inexpensive.     

Synthesis of derivatives of ketocarboxylic acids by the decomposition of 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethyleneketal hydroperoxide

The decomposition of 1,4-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydroperoxycyclohexane under the action of FeSO₄ and the decomposition of 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethyleneketal hydroperoxide under the action of Fe^II salts in the presence of various ligands or under the action of Cu^II sulfate have been studied. A preparative method for the synthesis of derivatives of diketodicarboxylic or -functionally substituted ketocarboxylic acids from 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethyleneketal has been developed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1231–1235, July, 1993.     

Electrochemical synthesis of 1,2,3,4,4,5,6-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines

It has been shown that chemical oxidation of the methyl ester of 3,4,5-trimethoxycarbonyl-1,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine to the pyridinium salt, requiring forcing experimental conditions, may be replaced by electrochemical oxidation. On electrochemical reduction of 3,4,5-trimethoxycarbonyl-1,2,6-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate in the presence of alkylating agents 1,2,3,4,4,5,6-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines are obtained. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 226–237, February, 2007.