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1.
Prema Ranganathan Wilmer K. Fife Martel Zeldin 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1990,28(10):2711-2717
4-Vinylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate monomers substituted at nitrogen with H, O, CH3, C2H5, C6H13, and C12H25 were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Thermal analyses (DSC and TGA) were carried out on all the compounds. The solid monomers (N? H, N? CH3, N? C6H13, and N? C12H25) exhibited endothermic melting followed by exothermic polymerization and exothermic decomposition (>400°C). Liquid N? C2H5 monomer revealed only exothermic polymerization and decomposition. The N? O polymer underwent thermal decomposition below 300°C. The N–C12H25 homopolymer, prepared from monomer in the DSC or in bulk, displayed an unusual thermal transition at 250°C, which has been attributed to a polymer backbone reorientation leading to side-chain ordering of the dodecyl groups. 相似文献
2.
Bifunctional benzoxazines: Synthesis and polymerization of resorcinol based single isomers
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Hannes Schäfer André Arnebold Johannes Stelten Jordi Marquet Rosa María Sebastián Andreas Hartwig Katharina Koschek 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(9):1243-1251
Aside from their outstanding properties such as thermal and chemical stability and excellent mechanical performance, benzoxazines suffer from high polymerization temperatures. Isomeric mixtures of bifunctional benzoxazines based on resorcinol proved already to be highly reactive monomers enabling polymerizations at lower temperatures. This contribution describes the polymerization behavior of single benzoxazine isomers and furthermore the influence of different substituents at the aniline moiety on the curing temperature. Single isomers of bifunctional benzoxazines are now accessible in a straightforward one‐pot synthesis starting from resorcinol and the appropriate N‐phenyl functionalized aniline component. The asymmetric benzoxazine monomers bearing no (R‐a: Tpeak = 179 °C) or electron‐donating substituents in meta position to N (R‐3,5dma: Tpeak = 183 °C) succeed in lowering the polymerization temperature. Additionally, the impact of several initiating systems was studied resulting in a decrease of the polymerization temperature for all studied resorcinol derived benzoxazine isomers (down to 144 °C). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1243–1251 相似文献
3.
Katsuhiko Takenaka Natsuyo Shibata Akihiko Oshikiri Masamitsu Miya Hiroki Takeshita Tomoo Shiomi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(17):3714-3721
Anionic polymerizations of three 1,3‐butadiene derivatives containing different N,N‐dialkyl amide functions, N,N‐diisopropylamide (DiPA), piperidineamide (PiA), and cis‐2,6‐dimethylpiperidineamide (DMPA) were performed under various conditions, and their polymerization behavior was compared with that of N,N‐diethylamide analogue (DEA), which was previously reported. When polymerization of DiPA was performed at ?78 °C with potassium counter ion, only trace amounts of oligomers were formed, whereas polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained in moderate yield when DiPA was polymerized at 0 °C in the presence of LiCl. Decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution were observed when polymerization was performed at a higher temperature of 20 °C, presumably because of the effect of ceiling temperature. In the case of DMPA, no polymer was formed at 0 °C and polymers with relatively broad molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.2) were obtained at 20 °C. The polymerization rate of PiA was much faster than that of the other monomers, and poly(PiA) was obtained in high yield even at ?78 °C in 24 h. The microstructure of the resulting polymers were exclusively 1,4‐ for poly(DMPA), whereas 20–30% of the 1,2‐structure was contained in poly(DiPA) and poly(PiA). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3714–3721, 2010 相似文献
4.
Yoshiharu Doi Jiro Kinoshita Akio Morinaga Tominaga Keii 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1975,13(11):2491-2497
Dependences of the molecular weight distribution and stereochemical regulation of the polypropylenes produced with VCl4–AlEt2Cl catalyst on the polymerization temperature were examined. The molecular weight distributions of the polymers obtained at temperatures below ?40°C were unimodal and narrow (M w/M n ≤ 2). The molecular weight distributions obtained at higher temperatures (above ?21°C) were bimodal with one narrow distribution and one wide one (M w/M n > 2), and the polymer fraction of the wide distribution increased with the polymerization temperature. The fractional amount of ? (CH2)2? groups in the polymers, which corresponds to tail-to-tail linkage of two propylene units, increased to a maximum at ?21°C followed by a gradual decrease with the polymerization temperature. The production of isotactic polymers was confirmed at temperatures above ?21°C. From these data, it is concluded that only the homogeneous form of the catalyst system is responsible for the polymerization at temperatures below about ?21°C while the heterogeneous form appears and catalyzes the polymerization together with the homogeneous one at temperatures above ?21°C. 相似文献
5.
Saeid Tajbakhsh Milan Marić 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2021,59(6):547-560
SG1-based amphiphilic macroinitiators were synthesized from oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate and 10 mol% acrylonitrile or styrene (as the controlling comonomer) to conduct the nitroxide mediated polymerization of bio-based methacrylic monomers (isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) and C13 alkyl methacrylate (C13MA)) in miniemulsion. The effect of the addition of surfactant (DOWFAX 8390), co-stabilizer (n-hexadecane) and different reaction temperatures (80, 90 and 100°C) on polymerization kinetics was studied. We found that the NMP of IBOMA/C13MA using amphiphilic macroalkoxyamines were most effective during miniemulsion polymerization (linear trend of Mn versus conversion and high latex stability) in presence of 2 wt% surfactant and 0.8 wt% co-stabilizer (relative to monomer) at 90°C. The effect of surfactant, co-stabilizer and temperature on particle size during the polymerization was studied and suggested a decrease in initial particle size with the addition of surfactant and co-stabilizer. Finally, the thermal properties of IBOMA/C13MA polymers, prepared by amphiphilic macroinitiators, were examined thoroughly, indicating a Tg in the range of −44°C < Tg < 109°C. 相似文献
6.
Salvacion P. Cresidio Fawaz Aldabbagh W. Ken Busfield Ian D. Jenkins San H. Thang Clovia Zayas‐Holdsworth Per B. Zetterlund 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2001,39(8):1232-1241
A new series of 1,1,3,3‐tetraethylisoindoline‐2‐oxyl (TEISO)‐based alkoxyamines was prepared. The half‐lives for thermal dissociation indicated that the most sterically congested cumyl‐TEISO alkoxymine had the greatest potential as an initiator for the polymerization of monomers at lower temperatures. The polymerization of styrene at 110 °C gave a linear evolution of Mn with conversion in the early stages. Further evidence for the “living” nature was given by the polydispersities of the polymers that remained low (Mw/Mn = 1.13–1.27) throughout the polymerization (up to 80% conversion). No polymer was formed for the styrene system in a reasonable time below 100 °C. High‐performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric investigations of the distribution of trapped oligomers containing one to nine monomer units formed at 60 °C revealed that the trapping of oligomeric cumyl–styryl radicals by TEISO is irreversible at this temperature. Methyl methacrylate polymerized with cumyl‐TEISO at 60–70 °C, although the initial high rates of polymerization soon decreased to zero at low conversions (10–15%), and the high polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.42–1.73) indicated significant side reactions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1232–1241, 2001 相似文献
7.
James E. Kurz James C. Woodbrey Masao Ohta 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1970,8(7):1169-1175
Poly-4,4′-oxydiphenylenesulfonyl and poly-4,4′-methylenediphenylenesulfonyl were synthesized by an electrophilic substitution polymerization of the arylene monosulfonyl chloride monomers. The glass-transition temperatures Tg of these polymers were determined by calorimetric and dynamic mechanical measurements, and the number-average molecular weights were determined by vapor-pressure osmometry. Both polymers were found to have the same Tg at equivalent molecular weight; the limiting value at high molecular weight is 238°C. Both polymers have two dynamic mechanical relaxation peaks at temperatures far below Tg. One is in the neighborhood of 0°C, and the other is at ?110°C. Plausible origins for these relaxations, and the absence of any near 0°C in poly(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenylene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenylene dioxide), are discussed. 相似文献
8.
S. Kohjiya Y. Imanishi T. Higashimura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1971,9(3):747-761
Cationic polymerization of cyclopentadiene induced by titanium tetrachloride–trichloroacetic acid was investigated in a toluene solution at ?69 to ?77°C. All manipulations were handled under vacuum conditions. Time–conversion curves were determined accurately by following the exothermicity of the fast reaction in an adiabatic system. The polymerization kinetics were developed on the basis of a fast initiation reaction and a nonstationary-state concentration (diminishing concentration) of active species, and the propagation rate constant k2 was determined by substituting either an initial rate of polymerization or a final conversion for the kinetic equations. k2 for the present system was determined to be 350 l./mole-sec, which is larger than those so far reported for some vinyl monomers in cationic polymerization. The present method can be commonly applied to reactive monomers for the determination of k2. The nature of termination reaction is discussed in connection with the determination of k2. 相似文献
9.
Chuji Aso Sanae Tagami Toyoki Kunitake 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1970,8(6):1323-1336
Copolymerizations of three phthalaldehyde isomers (M2) with styrene (M1) were carried out in methylene chloride or in toluene with BF3OEt2 catalyst. The monomer reactivity ratios were r1 = 0.77, r2 = 0 for the meta isomer and r1 = 0.60, r2 = 0 for the para isomer. The second aldehyde group of both isomers did not participate in polymerization and acted simply as the electron-withdrawing group, thus reducing the cationic reactivity of these monomers. Copolymerization behaviors of the ortho isomer (o-PhA) were quite different between 0°C and ?78°C. At ?78°C, o-PhA preferentially polymerized to yield “living” cyclopolymers, until an equilibrium concentration of o-PhA monomer was reached. Then, styrene propagated from the living terminal rather slowly. The block structure of the copolymer was confirmed by the chemical and spectroscopic means. In the copolymerization at 0°C, the o-PhA unit in copolymer consisted both of cyclized and uncyclized units. This copolymer seemed to contain short o-PhA sequences. The variation of the o-PhA-St copolymer structure with the polymerization temperature was explained on the basis of whether the polymerization was carried out above or below the ceiling temperature (?43°C) of the homopolymerization of o-PhA. 相似文献
10.
M. Abid M. Aden Ali J. Bernard S. Abid E. Fleury R. El Gharbi 《Polymer Science Series B》2014,56(3):290-297
New dialkynyl monomers containing furan and ester or amide units were prepared via three step reactions from ethyl furan-2-carboxylate. Their click polymerization with either poly(ethylene glycol) diazide or poly(tetrahydrofuran) diazide catalyzed by Cu(I) led to corresponding amorphous poly(ester triazole) and poly(amide triazole) with molecular weights in the range of (7–11) × 103 and with glass transition temperatures in the range of ?35 and ?19°C. The temperature at 5% wt loss (T 10), determined from TGA of polyazomethines were in the range 345–365°C indicating their good thermal stability. 相似文献
11.
Kazuhiko Hashimoto Hiroshi Sumitomo Shinji Ohsawa 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1978,16(2):435-445
Equilibrium anionic polymerization of 4,7-dioxaoctanal (DOA) and n-octanal (OA) was carried out in tetrahydrofuran in the temperature range of ?90 to ?68°C, and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated as follows: ΔHss = ?4.0 ± 0.1 kcal/mole, ΔSss = ?18.4 ± 0.5 cal/mole-deg, and Tc,ss = ?56°C for the DOA system; ΔHsc = ?3.4 ± 0.1 kcal/mole, ΔSsc = ?15.7 ± 0.4 cal/mole-deg, and Tc,sc = ?59°C for the OA system. Comparison of these values with those in the cases of β-methoxypropionaldehyde and n-valeraldehyde made it clear that the aliphatic aldehyde having a longer alkyl group polymerizes with smaller changes of enthalpy and entropy and that the polar-substituted aldehydes have higher polymerizability than the corresponding unsubstituted aliphatic aldehydes in the temperature range studied. These effects of substituents are interpreted from the viewpoint of the intermolecular interactions of polar groups in monomers and their polymers. 相似文献
12.
Sandra Binauld Fernande Boisson Thierry Hamaide Jean‐Pierre Pascault Eric Drockenmuller Etienne Fleury 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(16):5506-5517
Oligomers and polymers containing triazole units were synthesized by the copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition step‐growth polymerization of four difunctional azides and alkynes. In a first part, monofunctional benzyl azide was used as a chain terminator for the polyaddition of 1,6‐diazidohexane and α,ω‐bis(O‐propargyl)diethylene glycol, leading to polytriazole oligomers of controlled average degree of polymerization (DPn = 3–20), to perform kinetic studies on low‐viscosity compounds. The monitoring of the step‐growth click polymerization by 1H NMR at 25, 45, and 60 °C allowed the determination of the activation energy of this click chemistry promoted polyaddition process, that is, Ea = 45 ± 5 kJ/mol. The influence of the catalyst content (0.1–5 mol % of Cu(PPh3)3Br according to azide or alkyne functionalities) was also examined for polymerization kinetics performed at 60 °C. In a second part, four high molar mass polytriazoles were synthesized from stoichiometric combinations of diazide and dialkyne monomers above with p‐xylylene diazide and α,ω‐bis(O‐propargyl)bisphenol A. The resulting polymers were characterized by DSC, TGA, SEC, and 1H NMR. Solubility and thermal properties of the resulting polytriazoles were discussed based on the monomers chemical structure and thermal analyses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5506–5517, 2008 相似文献
13.
Woei-Min Tsai James C. W. Chien 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1994,32(1):149-158
A new silolene-bridged compound, racemic (1,4-butanediyl) silylene-bis (1-η5-in-denyl) dichlorozirconium ( 1 ) was synthesized by reacting ZrCl4 with C4H8Si (IndLi)2 in THF. 1 was reacted with trialkylaluminum and then with triphenylcarbenium tetrakis (penta-fluorophenyl) borate ( 2 ) to produce in situ the zirconocenium ion ( 1 +). This “constraint geometry” catalyst is exceedingly stereoselective for propylene polymerization at low temperature (Tp = ?55°C), producing refluxing n-heptane insoluble isotactic poly(propylene) (i-PP) with a yield of 99.4%, Tm = 164.3°C, δHf = 20.22 cal/g and M?w = 350 000. It has catalytic activities of 107?108 g PP/(mol Zr · [C3H6] · h) in propylene polymerization at the Tp ranging from ?55°C to 70°C, and 108 polymer/(mol Zr · [monomer] · h) in ethylene polymerization. The stereospecificity of 1 + decreases gradually as Tp approaches 20°C. At higher temperatures the catalytic species rapidly loses stereochemical control. Under all experimental conditions 1 + is more stereospecific than the analogous cation derived from rac-dimethylsilylenebis (1-η5-indenyl)dichlorozirconium ( 4 ). The variations of polymerization activities in ethylene and in propylene for Tp from ?55°C to +70°C indicates a Michaelis Mention kinetics. The zirconocenium-propylene π-complex has a larger insertion rate constant but lower thermal stability than the corresponding ethylene π-complex. This catalyst copolymerizes ethylene and propylene with reactivity ratios of comparable magnitude rE ? 4rp. Furthermore, rE.rp ? 0.5 indicating random copolymer formation. Both 1 and 4 activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) exhibit much slower polymerization rates, and, under certain conditions, a lower stereo-selectivity than the corresponding 1 + or 4 + system. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
14.
Jun‐Hwan Ahn Choon‐Hwa Lee Yeong‐Deuk Shin Jae‐Suk Lee 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(4):933-940
To study living anionic polymerization, 3‐(triethylsilyl)propyl isocyanate (TEtSPI) monomer was synthesized by hydrosilylation of allylamine with triethylsilane and treatment of the resulting amine with triphosgene. The polymerization of TEtSPI was performed with sodium naphthalenide (Na‐Naph) as an initiator and in the absence and presence of sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) as an additive in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at ?78 and at ?98 °C. A highly stabilized amidate anion for living polymerization of isocyanates was generated for the first time with the combined effect of the bulky substituent and the shielding action of the additive NaBPh4, extending the living character at least up to 120 min at ?98 °C. Even the anion could exist at ?78 °C for 10 min. A block copolymer, poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate)‐b‐poly[(3‐triethylsilyl)propyl isocyanate]‐b‐poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate), was synthesized with quantitative yields and controlled molecular weights via living anionic polymerization in THF at ?78 °C for TEtSPI and ?98 °C for n‐hexyl isocyanate, respectively, with Na‐Naph with three times of NaBPh4 as a common ion salt. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 933–940, 2004 相似文献
15.
In order to synthesize the high temperature solid lubricating film by gas-phase polymerization at 500?°C with two kinds of gasified monomers for use in airplane and rocket engines, the polymerizing activity of terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) at 500?°C and their polymerized product poly-p-phenyleneterephthamide (PPTA) as well as its decomposed solid residues were researched. It was proved by FT-IR and 1HNMR on the solid residues after the 10?min experiment of the both monomers in muffle furnace at 500?°C and PPTA synthesized by conventional method that at 500?°C the polymerization tendency of these monomers should trump their decomposition tendency. The solid residues after the 10?min experiment mainly consisted of polymerized products which would decline as the experimental period increases, while the content of decomposed and carbonized products would raise. FT-IR and elemental analysis revealed a similar structure of the solid residues after the both monomers or PPTA calcined for 60?min at 500?°C, which further demonstrated the polymerized products would degrade, decompose and carbonize after the prophase polymerization. Finally, effects of experimental temperature and monomers molar ratio on amounts and structures of the solid residues were discussed to propose preliminary mechanisms of polymerization and decomposition. 相似文献
16.
Tatsuro Ouchi Yoshifumi Hosaka Nobuaki Beika Minoru Imoto 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1983,21(10):2897-2906
The polymerization of vinyl monomer initiated by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) in aqueous solution was carried out at 85°C with shaking. Acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methacrylic acid were polymerized by PEG–300 (M?n = 300), whereas styrene was not. The effects of the amounts of monomer and PEG, the molecular weight of PEG, and the hydrophobic group at the end of PEG molecule on the polymerization were studied. The selectivity of vinyl monomer and the effect of the hydrophobic group are discussed according to “the concept of hard and soft hydrophobic areas and monomers.” The kinetics of the polymerization was investigated. The overall activation energy in the polymerization of AN was estimated as 37.9 kJ mol?1. The polymerization was effected by a radical mechanism. 相似文献
17.
Loon-Seng Tan N. Venkatasubramanian Patrick T. Mather Marlene D. Houtz Charles L. Benner 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(14):2637-2651
A series of new bis-benzocyclobutene-endcapped arylene ether monomers was prepared and characterized. Whereas 2,6-bis(4-benzocyclobutenyloxy)benzonitrile (BCB-EBN) could be prepared in good yield using the standard procedure (K2CO3/NMP/toluene/Dean–Stark trap/120°C), other bis(benzocyclobutene) (BCB)-terminated monomers containing ether-benzophenone (BCB-EK), ether-phenylsulfone (BCB-ES), and ether-6F-benzoxazole (BCB-EBO) moieties were invariably contaminated by mono-endcapped products under similar reaction conditions. This can be attributed to a much greater activating effect of the nitrile group on the ortho-fluorides in the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction than the carbonyl, sulfonyl, and benzoxazolyl groups. However, the latter monomers could be synthesized (70–80%) from 4-trimethylsiloxybenzocyclobutene and respective aromatic fluorides in the presence of CsF at 140°C. Similar curing behaviors under N2 (DSC: extrapolated onset and peak temperatures at 227–230° and 260–262°C, respectively) characterized all four monomers. BCB-EK, BCB-ES, and BCB-EBN showed melting transitions at 108, 119, and 146°C, in that order. As BCB-EBO contained more rigid benzoxazole segments, it only exhibited a glass transition (Tg) at 85°C prior to curing exotherm, after it had been previously heated to 125°C. The following Tgs were observed for the cured materials: BCB-EK (201°C), BCB-EBN (224°C), BCB-ES (264°C), and BCB-EBO (282°C). The relative thermal stability according to TGA (He) results is: BCB-ES < BCB-EBN < BCB-EK < BCB-EBO. Finally, the results from thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopic, and variable temperature microscopic studies indicated that the nitrile group plays an important role in the cure chemistry, thermal, and microstructural properties of BCB-EBN. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2637–2651, 1998 相似文献
18.
Kohji Yagi Tatsuru Miyazaki Hiroyuki Okitsu Fujio Toda Yoshio Iwakura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1972,10(4):1149-1156
The anionic polymerization of three monomers, 2-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethyloxazole(I), 2-isopropenylthiazole(II), and 2-isopropenylpyridine(III), was studied in THF. These monomers produced red-colored living polymers on addition of sodium naphthalene or living α-methylstyrene tetramer as an initiator. It was observed that a considerable amount of monomer remained in the respective living polymer–monomer system, indicating that an equilibrium between the polymer and the monomer existed as in the case of α-methylstyrene. At lower temperatures, the conversion of the monomer to the polymer increased. The equilibrium monomer concentrations [Me] were determined at different temperatures, and the heats (ΔH) and the entropies (ΔS°) of polymerization were obtained by plotting In(1/[Me]) against 1/T as ΔH = ?9.4, ?6.8, and ?6.2 kcal/mole, ΔS°S = ?22.9, ?16.5, and ?16.6, eu for I, II, and III, respectively. 相似文献
19.
R. Alexander A. Jefferson P. D. Lester 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1981,19(3):695-706
A comparative study was undertaken of the cationic oligomerization/polymerization of the natural propenylbenzene derivatives, anethole, isoeugenol, and isosafrole, together with synthetic o-methoxypropenylbenzene and N,N-dimethyl-p-propenylaniline using boron trifluoride diethyletherate as catalyst. Two (optimum) reaction temperatures were employed, ?12 and ?45°C, and only the (E) isomers of the monomers were studied. The order of reactivity of the monomers was found to be anethole > isoeugenol > isosafrole > o-methoxypronylbenzene as measured by following the rate of loss of monomer by proton magnetic resonance spectrometry at ?12°C. N,N-dimethyl-p-propenylaniline only appeared to form a complex with the catalyst. Low-molecularweight polymeric materials were prepared from anethole, isosafrole, and isoeugenol at ?45°C using the same catalyst while o-methoxypropenylbenzene formed oligomers. Isosafrole was recovered unchanged when treated with the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate initiator system at ?78°C in an attempt to increase the molecular weight of the polyisosafrole. 相似文献
20.
The initiation of polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by a charge transfer complex formed between n-butylamine(nBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 30°C is slow. The effect of the dimethylsulfoxide complexes of Rh(III) and Ru(II) on the polymerization of MMA and MA in the presence of nBA, and CCl4 in DMSO has been studied. The rate of polymerization and percent conversion of the MMA and MA at 30°C are evaluated at the critical concentration of the metal complexes. At the critical range of the metal complex concentrations, both Rp, and percent conversion of MMA and MA were found to be highest. However, above and below the critical concentrations, Rp and percent conversion of the monomers were found to decrease. A suitable mechanism for the polymerization has been proposed. 相似文献