基于色谱-质谱联用的脂质分析样品前处理技术研究进展

脂质作为细胞膜和亚细胞膜的主要结构成分,在能量来源、细胞信号传导等多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,脂质分析受到越来越多的关注,其中色谱-质谱联用技术在脂质分析中占据主导地位。由于样品基质复杂,样品前处理有富集痕量物质和减少基质干扰的作用,成为脂质分析中的一个关键步骤。该文综述了近年来基于色谱-质谱联用技术的脂质分析中样品前处理技术的研究进展和应用,对各种样品前处理技术进行了阐述和总结。基于液相的萃取方法有液-液萃取和单一有机溶剂萃取。基于固相的萃取方法包括固相萃取和固相微萃取。场辅助萃取方法包括超临界流体萃取、加压流体萃取、微波辅助萃取和超声辅助萃取。此外,还介绍了在线联用样品前处理方法和用于活体分析的样品前处理方法。最后,对基于色谱-质谱联用的脂质分析样品前处理技术存在的问题及发展趋势进行了探讨。样品前处理技术的发展将提高脂质分析的灵敏度、选择性和分析速度。     

基于色谱-质谱联用的脂质分析样品前处理技术研究进展（英文）

脂质作为细胞膜和亚细胞膜的主要结构成分,在能量来源、细胞信号传导等多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,脂质分析受到越来越多的关注,其中色谱-质谱联用技术在脂质分析中占据主导地位。由于样品基质复杂,样品前处理有富集痕量物质和减少基质干扰的作用,成为脂质分析中的一个关键步骤。该文综述了近年来基于色谱-质谱联用技术的脂质分析中样品前处理技术的研究进展和应用,对各种样品前处理技术进行了阐述和总结。基于液相的萃取方法有液-液萃取和单一有机溶剂萃取。基于固相的萃取方法包括固相萃取和固相微萃取。场辅助萃取方法包括超临界流体萃取、加压流体萃取、微波辅助萃取和超声辅助萃取。此外,还介绍了在线联用样品前处理方法和用于活体分析的样品前处理方法。最后,对基于色谱-质谱联用的脂质分析样品前处理技术存在的问题及发展趋势进行了探讨。样品前处理技术的发展将提高脂质分析的灵敏度、选择性和分析速度。     

新型纳米材料在食品非靶向分析中的应用研究进展

食品安全关系人民的生命安全。为了更加准确、高效地筛查出食品中的化学危害因子,对食品进行快速、高通量的非靶向分析极其重要。在非靶向分析中,需要通过样品前处理来消除食品中复杂基质的影响,并高效回收、富集化学危害因子。因此,发展合适的样品前处理方法和材料尤为关键。近年来金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、磁性纳米材料等新型纳米材料在样品前处理中发挥了重要作用。该文主要介绍了近几年用于食品安全非靶向筛查的样品前处理方法,新型纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用及样品前处理技术在非靶向分析中的应用,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

样品前处理与色谱在线分析技术研究进展

色谱技术是目前应用最为广泛的分离分析技术,而传统色谱分析方法中样品采集、样品前处理、色谱分析3个步骤各自独立,使分析过程耗时、耗力、耗试剂,容易造成目标物损失而产生误差。色谱在线分析技术是在线实现样品的前处理及分析过程,可有效解决上述不足,已成为分析化学的前沿课题。该文讨论了在线色谱分析方法的设计及相关联用技术,综述了在线色谱分析技术的最新进展。     

电场辅助样品前处理技术研究进展

样品前处理是样品分析过程的关键环节。目前各种微波、光、压力、超声波等场作用因能强化溶质传递、加速样品分离而被广泛地运用到样品前处理中。其中,电场辅助样品前处理技术能提高微痕量分析物萃取效率和选择性,已成为场辅助样品前处理技术的研究热点,并已在食品、环境、医药、生物等领域得到应用。该文综述了包括电场辅助膜萃取技术、电场辅助液相(微)萃取技术、电场辅助固相(微)萃取技术在内的电场辅助样品前处理技术的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

分子印迹样品前处理技术的研究进展

样品前处理是分析过程的关键环节,直接影响着分析结果的准确度和精密度．分子印迹聚合物具有特异性识别能力,能从复杂样品中选择性分离富集目标物,在复杂样品前处理领域中有重要的发展潜力和应用前景．本文综述了近年来分子印迹样品前处理技术的研究进展,包括分子印迹固相萃取、分子印迹固相微萃取、分子印迹膜萃取等样品前处理技术．     

分子印迹技术在样品前处理中的应用

分子印迹聚合物具有选择性高、稳定性好及制备简单的特点,可用于生物、医药、环境样品等复杂基体中痕量分析物的高选择性分离与富集,因此在样品前处理中的应用特别引人关注.本文介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理,综述了分子印迹技术在样品前处理中应用的研究进展.     

兽药残留分析中样品前处理技术研究进展

样品前处理是兽药残留分析中的关键步骤,直接影响检测的结果.近年来,出现了一些新的样品前处理技术,如固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、膜萃取、液相微萃取、超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取、分子印迹、微波辅助萃取.这些技术能够有效地减少分析过程中由样品前处理过程带来的误差,具有前处理快速、简便的优点,同时可与分析仪器联用,实现分析的自动化.本文对这些新技术的基本原理、特点及在兽药残留分析中的应用进行了综述,并对样品前处理的前景进行了展望.     

涡流色谱技术在生物样品分析中的应用

生物样品的复杂性使其在进行分析测定前必须经过处理。传统的样品前处理方法(如液-液萃取、固相萃取等)耗时长且操作繁琐。涡流色谱作为在线萃取技术,可以实现生物样品直接进样,减少了样品处理步骤,有效富集纯化了分析物,是一种高通量、高选择性的生物样品前处理方法。为此,本文介绍了涡流色谱技术的原理及优势,并总结了不同涡流柱的特点及其在生物样品分析领域中的应用情况。     

微波辅助萃取/样品前处理联用技术的研究进展

微波辅助萃取是近年来新发展的一种样品前处理技术,随着微波辅助萃取的发展和成熟,它与其它样品前处理技术的联用得到了迅速发展。与传统前处理方法相比,这些联用方法具有快速、高效、操作简便、节省溶剂、选择性好、应用范围广的特点。该文综述了微波辅助萃取及其与其它样品前处理技术联用的特点及适用性,并对近年来微波辅助萃取与其它前处理方法联用的发展概况及在分析领域中的应用情况进行了详细总结。     

Recent analytical methodologies on equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamics at liquid/liquid interface

The form of liquid/liquid interface is flexible and it cannot be fixed at a spatial position. Also the interface is prevented from any physical contact by the organic phase and aqueous phase. In addition, analytical methods operated in vacuo cannot be applied. These restrictions depressed the development of liquid/liquid interfacial chemistry. However, the modification of liquid/liquid interfacial form and original analytical methods have been invented interdependently. The present review classifies the forms of liquid/liquid interface first, and it arrays the related analytical methods with brief explanations. It dominantly deals with recent reports of analytical methodologies, which were published in 2001-2004, on equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamics of substances at liquid/liquid interface, but it also includes historically important studies.     

分析化学发展中的几个问题

分析化学在迅速发展中出现了一些令人关注的问题。它们是：如何确定现代分析化学煌范围，如何给字以明确的定义；对分析化学煌前沿的预测；当今分析化学在化学中的地位；对分析介的批评意见的反思；分析化学应注意克有孤自身的弱点；如何培养高水平的分析化学专业人材等。本文就这些问题介绍国内外同行的一些看法发表本人的浅见。     

Preparation and certification of a pig liver reference material

Summary A reference material was prepared from pig liver. Homogeneity and stability were determined by different chemical analytical methods.The results showed that these two parameters were qualified for reference material. Certified values for 15 elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Mo, P, N) and non-certified values for further elements (Cr, Co) were determined by several different analytical methods. These values are compiled in a table.     

Trace analysis of glyclazide in human plasma at microscale level by mass spectrometry

Green (reagents and organic solvents saving) analytical chemistry is a new strategy for pharmaceutical analysis. The principles of this idea include primary elimination or at least reduction of the amounts of organic reagents and solvents. In this study, we have provided two simple methods for the analysis of clinical drugs in human plasma. One is the capillary LC (Cap LC) connected to MS–MS, the other is the matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) connected to TOF MS. Sulfonylurea drugs are usually used in diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes is a syndrome of disordered metabolism resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). These microscale methods were successfully applied for the monitoring of drug levels in human plasma using gliclazide (a second‐generation sulfonylurea) as the test platform. The sensitivity of these methods is sufficient for detecting the gliclazide within a therapeutic range. All the analytical procedures (including human plasma, sample preparation, and flow rate of the analytical system) were at microscale level. These two methods would lower the consumption of organic solvents further safeguarding our environment.     

Syntheses of some hydroxylated metabolites of psychotropic trifluoromethyl analogs of chlorpromazine

The syntheses of 7-hydroxy derivatives of trifluoperazine, nor,-trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, triflupromazine and nor,-triflupromazine are described. These were prepared as analytical standards for the identification of these metabolites in biological materials.     

Analytical quality control program used by the trace elements in foods and diets sub-network of the FAO European cooperative network on trace elements

Summary The analytical quality control program employed by the ongoing FAO study on 14 trace elements in nationally representative staple foods of European countries is presented. The analytical quality control used is based on: 1) precautions taken to avoid trace element contaminations or losses during sampling and sample handling; and, 2) on methods used to guarantee that the actual determinations yield correct results. The precautions are presented. A number of certified biological reference materials (RMs) were used to validate the analytical methods employed. The following staple food RMs were also prepared: wheat flour, potato powder, animal muscle (pork) and milk powder. They were tested for homogeneity and subjected to an interlaboratory comparison study on the basis of which recommended values for trace element concentrations were defined. Further, the mean relative standard deviation for the 95% confidence limits of the medians in all RMs was below 5% for Ca, Mg and Zn; below 10% for Mn; below 15% for Fe, Cu and Se; and below 25% for Mo and Ni. These RMs were used to control the analytical quality of the trace element determinations in the actual samples. It is concluded that important contaminations were avoided in sampling and sample handling and that use of the RMs described was necessary to guarantee the analytical quality of the results.     

现代测试技术在地球化学勘查中的应用

上世纪80年代以后进行的1∶20万水系沉积物扫面,个别元素分析质量不稳定,达不到设计要求,如镉、钴、铜、镧.利用大型分析仪器为手段,建立了稀有、稀散、稀土和铂族元素的测试方法,分析数据符合地球化学填图的要求,为地质找矿工作新的突破做出贡献.     

Determination of ammonia nitrogen in natural waters: Recent advances and applications

Ammonia nitrogen, consisting of un-ionized ammonia and ammonium, is a key parameter for studying the nitrogen cycle and indicating water quality. The measurement of these parameter concentrations is vital for the adequate monitoring of aquatic environments. Here, we review studies that focus on analytical methods for determining ammonia nitrogen in natural waters that were published between 2014 to mid-2019. These methods include spectrophotometric, fluorometric and electrochemical methods, and the features of these different analytical methods are reviewed. In addition, the outlook for future development is discussed.     

Line selection and interference correction for the analysis of tungsten alloy by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A method for the analysis of tungsten alloy to determine selected elements using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy is described, with emphasis on line selection and spectral interference. The spectral interference coefficients were calculated for the spectral lines of selected major and trace elements. These values were used to select analytical lines and to calibrate concentrtions of the analytes. The detection limits of the elements for this method were determined and compared with those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and direct current carbon are emission spectrometry. The results indicated that the detection limits for all of the elements determined by the proposed method are significantly better than those obtained by other techniques. In this study, the analytical reliability of the proposed method was estimated by comparison of the analytical data for the two types of tungsten alloys produced by the Korean Tungsten Company with those obtained by the matrix matching method and the results indicated that the accuracy of multi-element analysis is satisfactory.     

Ionophores Based on Cationic Dye-Containing Ion Pairs and Their Use in Ion-Selective Electrodes

The use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) based on cationic dye-containing ion pairs in analytical chemistry was considered. The most important chemical analytical characteristics of the developed liquid and plasticized ISEs are presented. These electrodes offer promise for the creation of sensors for many inorganic and organic substances.