空间机械臂捕获卫星过程的碰撞动力学模拟及镇定运动的鲁棒控制

讨论了漂浮基空间机械臂捕获未知运动目标卫星的接触碰撞动力学建模和接触碰撞后系统镇定运动的控制问题。利用第二类拉格朗日方法和牛顿-欧拉法分别建立了接触碰撞前漂浮基空间机械臂和目标卫星两分体系统的动力学模型;以此为基础借助于空间机械臂与目标卫星接触点间的运动几何关系、力传递关系,计算了接触碰撞所产生的影响效应;捕获卫星后,联立空间机械臂与卫星接触碰撞前的动力学模型,建立了接触碰撞后两系统组合体动力学模型;并设计了增广鲁棒控制算法,以对受碰撞冲击后处于不稳定的组合体系统进行镇定运动控制。上述控制方法能应用于空间机械臂载体位置不受控情况,并能使组合体系统控制方程关于卫星不确定参数呈线性化关系。最后,利用数值仿真模拟捕获过程系统运动状态,验证了上述鲁棒控制镇定运动的效果。     

Advances in dynamics and control of tethered satellite systems

The concept of tethered satellite system （TSS） promises to revolutionize many aspects of space exploration and exploitation. It provides not only numerous possible and valuable applications, but also challenging and interesting problems related to their dynamics, control, and physical implementation. Over the past decades, this exciting topic has attracted significant attention from many researchers and gained a vast number of analytical, numerical and experimental achievements with a focus on the two essential aspects of both dynamics and control. This review article presents the historic background and recent hot topics for the space tethers, and introduces the dynamics and control of TSSs in a progressive manner, from basic operating principles to the state-of-the-art achievements.     

Decentralized coordinated attitude control for satellite formation flying via the state-dependent Riccati equation technique

The goal of the present study is to develop a decentralized coordinated attitude control algorithm for satellite formation flying. To handle the non-linearity of the dynamic system, the problems of absolute and relative attitude dynamics are formulated for the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique. The SDRE technique is for the first time utilized as a non-linear controller of the relative attitude control problem for satellite formation flying, and then the results are compared to those from linear control methods, mainly the PD and LQR controllers. The stability region for the SDRE-controlled system was obtained using a numerical method. This estimated stability region demonstrates that the SDRE controller developed in the present paper guarantees the globally asymptotic stability for both the absolute and relative attitude controls. Moreover, in order to complement a non-selective control strategy for relative attitude error in formation flying, a selective control strategy is suggested. This strategy guarantees not only a reduction in unnecessary calculation, but also the mission-failure safety of the attitude control algorithm for satellite formation. The attitude control algorithm of the formation flying was tested in the orbital-reference coordinate system for the sake of applying the control algorithms to Earth-observing missions. The simulation results illustrate that the attitude control algorithm based on the SDRE technique can robustly drive the attitude errors to converge to zero.     

Stability and control of tethered satellite with chemical propulsion in orbital plane

The tethered satellite with chemical propulsion has broad application prospects in the disposal of abandoned satellites, the orbital rescue of spacecrafts, and the transportation of space supplies, which is completely different from the traditional applications of tethered satellites. Therefore, new research on its dynamics, stability, and control becomes useful and interesting. In this article, based on a dumbbell model of tethered satellite, the dynamics equations of tethered system in orbital maneuvering are established. Furthermore, according to the definitions of transversal and radial propulsive coefficients, analytical solutions of the equilibrium position for librational angle are derived during maneuvering in orbital plane; meanwhile, the effects of propulsive coefficients on librational stability are analyzed, which provides a basis for a selection of expected attitude trajectory. Then, a method of hierarchical sliding-mode tension control is presented to track the expected in-plane angle. This method can address the underactuated problem of tethered systems without either complex coordinate transformation for the system state model or constraint equation restrictions. During orbital flight, in-plane and out-of-plane angles are decoupled, so the tether tension control cannot be conducted to inhibit the out-of-plane angle. To solve this problem, the binormal component of thrust acceleration normal to the orbital plane is adopted as a control variable, and a feedback linearization-based thrust controller is designed to damp out the out-of-plane angle. Afterwards, orbital transfer cases between two circular orbits are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the tethered satellite with chemical propulsion. Numerical simulation results indicate that the stability of librational angles has a close relation to propulsive coefficients, and distributions of stable centers and unstable saddle points are totally different on both sides of bifurcation point. In addition, tracking control requirements for tethered satellite are guaranteed by designed controllers, which ensure flight safety in orbital maneuvering.     

Impact dynamics analysis of free-floating space manipulator capturingsatellite on orbit and robust adaptive compound controlalgorithm design for suppressing motion

The impact dynamics, impact effect, and post-impact unstable motion sup- pression of free-floating space manipulator capturing a satellite on orbit are analyzed. Firstly, the dynamics equation of free-floating space manipulator is derived using the sec- ond Lagrangian equation. Combining the momentum conservation principle, the impact dynamics and effect between the space manipulator end-effector and satellite of the cap- ture process are analyzed with the momentum impulse method. Focusing on the unstable motion of space manipulator due to the above impact effect, a robust adaptive compound control algorithm is designed to suppress the above unstable motion. There is no need to control the free-floating base position to save the jet fuel. Finally, the simulation is proposed to show the impact effect and verify the validity of the control algorithm.     

配置柔顺机构空间机器人双臂捕获卫星操作力学模拟及基于神经网络的全阶滑模避撞柔顺控制

讨论了空间机器人双臂捕获卫星操作过程避免关节冲击破坏的避撞柔顺控制问题. 为此在关节电机与机械臂之间设计了一种旋转 型串联弹性执行器(rotatory series elastic actuator, RSEA)--柔顺机构,其作用在于:(1) 通过其内置弹簧的拉伸或压缩变形来吸收捕获操作过程中被捕获卫星对空间机器人关节产生的冲击能量;(2) 可以利用合理设计的与之配合的避撞柔顺控制策略来保证关节冲击力矩受限在安全范围. 首先,利用第二类Lagrange方程分别建 立了捕获操作前含柔顺机构双臂空间机器人的开环分系统动力学模型与目标卫星的分系统动力学模型;之后,基于系统动量 守恒关系、闭链系统位置与速度几何约束关系,获得了捕获操作后空间机器人与被捕获卫星闭链混合体系统综合动力学方程; 最后,基于RBF神经网络提出了一种捕获操作后两者混合体系统镇定运动的全阶终端滑模避撞柔顺控制方案. 所提方案结合柔 顺机构在有效吸收、缓冲被捕获卫星冲击能量的同时,还在冲击能量过大时适时开、关空间机器人关节驱动器,以避免关节驱 动器过载、破坏;此外,还通过最小权值范数法分配了机械臂各关节力矩,以保证双臂协调操作. Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了 系统的全局稳定性,系统计算机数值仿真也验证了上述避撞柔顺控制策略的有效性.      

Steady motions of an axisymmetric satellite: an atlas of their bifurcations

The steady motions of an axially symmetric rigid satellite orbiting a fixed spherically symmetric rigid body are considered in this paper. Based on a model for the dynamics of the satellite which incorporates the classical approximation for the gravitational potential and includes the attitude-orbit coupling, the bifurcations and non-linear stability of the steady motions of the satellite are discussed. These results extend earlier works on this problem by Likins, Pringle, Rumyantsev, Stepanov, and Thomson, by showing how the motions found by these authors are interrelated, and how several of them are physically unrealistic because their orbital radii are too small.     

基于并联平台的卫星微振动控制研究进展

高分辨率已经成为了目前我国卫星发展的一个重要方向,在这进程中必须要攻克的一个重要技术难题就是对卫星微振动的控制.首先综述了国内外在使用并联平台解决微振动控制问题方面的发展情况,主要是平台研制及性能情况对比,对比发现,基于并联平台的微振动控制技术我国目前相比于国外还存在一定差距.然后对并联平台的典型构型设计、动力学建模、控制系统设计、平台优化以及地面模拟试验等研究进行了详细的总结.最后对我国微振动控制技术未来需要进一步深入研究的问题提出了展望.     

Orbit and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying

Formation flying is a novel concept of distributing the functionality of large spacecraft among several smaller, less expensive, cooperative satellites. Some applications require that a controllable satellite keeps relative position and attitude to observe a specific surface of another satellite among the cluster. Specially, the target space vehicle is malfunctioning. The present paper focuses on the problem that how to control a chaser satellite to fly around an out-of-work target satellite closely in earth orbit and to track a specific surface. Relative attitude and first approximate relative orbital dynamics equations are presented. Control strategy is derived based on feedback linearization and Lyapunov theory of stability. Further, considering the uncertainty of inertia, an adaptive control method is developed to obtain the correct inertial ratio. The numerical simulation is given to verify the validity of proposed control scheme.     

空间机器人双臂捕获卫星力学分析及镇定控制

随着航天技术的发展,空间机器人要求具有对非合作卫星的在轨捕获能力. 双臂空间机器人与单臂空间机器人相比在这方面显然更具有优势. 然而由于太空环境的复杂性,使得空间机器人双臂捕获非合作卫星操作过程的动力学与控制问题表现出下述特点:非完整动力学约束,动量、动量矩与能量传递变化,捕获前后结构开、闭环变拓扑,与闭环接触几何、运动学约束多者共存. 因此空间机器人双臂捕获卫星技术相关动力学与控制问题变得极其复杂. 为此,讨论了双臂空间机器人捕获自旋卫星过程的动力学演化模拟,以及捕获操作后其不稳定闭链混合体系统的镇定控制问题. 首先,利用拉格朗日第二类方程建立了捕获操作前双臂空间机器人的开环系统动力学模型,利用牛顿-欧拉法建立了目标卫星的系统动力学模型;在此基础上基于动量守恒定律、力的传递规律,经过积分与简化处理分析、求解了双臂空间机器人捕获目标卫星后受到的碰撞冲击效应,给出了合适的捕获操作策略. 根据闭链系统的闭环约束几何及运动学关系获得了闭合链约束方程,推导了捕获操作后闭链混合体系统的动力学方程. 最后基于该动力学方程针对捕获操作结束后失稳的闭链混合体系统,设计了镇定运动模糊H_∞ 控制方案. 提出的方案利用模糊逻辑环节克服参数不确定影响,由H_∞ 鲁棒控制项消除逼近误差来保证系统控制精度;通过最小权值范数法分配各臂关节力矩,以保证两臂协同操作. 李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的全局稳定性. 最后通过数值仿真实验模拟、分析了碰撞冲击响应,并验证了上述镇定运动控制方案的有效性.      

Self-tuning PID controller to three-axis stabilization of a satellite with unknown parameters

This paper addresses the three-axis stabilization of a satellite system in the presence of the gravity gradient and orbital eccentricity. Multivariable non-linear dynamics of the satellite system are converted into three well-known non-linear canonical independent models with unknown parameters. The new model is efficient and practical for designers to implement and analyze different control methodologies on satellite systems. A self-tuning PID controller is designed on the basis of the new proposed model to produce control signals for three reaction wheels in three axes. An adaptive algorithm is applied to tune and update gains of the PID controller and stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by using Lyapunov approach. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of the self-tuning PID controller and a comparison with a fixed gain PD controller and a variable-structure controller is made.     

Optimal control of the deployment (and retrieval) of a tethered satellite under small initial disturbances

The deployment and retrieval processes of satellites from a space station are demanding tasks during the operations of tethered satellite systems. The satellite should be steered into its working state within a reasonable amount of time and without too much control efforts. For the pure in-plane oscillation we have found time-optimal solutions with bang–bang control strategy for the deployment and retrieval process. In our working group we have also investigated different stabilization methods of the vertical equilibrium configuration, for example parametric swing control and chaotic control. In this article we concentrate on the final stage of the operation, when the oscillations around the vertical configuration should be brought to halt. While this task is quite simple for a motion of the satellite in the orbital plane, it is considerably more difficult, if the satellite has been perturbed out of that plane. We first analyze the control for a purely out-of-plane oscillation, which is governed by a Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation, and then investigate the combined control for the spatial dynamics. Using a center manifold ansatz for the in-plane oscillations, we can show, that it is possible to diminish the oscillations of the tethered satellite in both directions, but the decay is extremely slow.     

Dynamics of a satellite carrying a point mass moving about it

We study the dynamics of a complex system consisting of a solid and a mass point moving according to a prescribed law along a curve rigidly fixed to the body. The motion occurs in a central Newtonian gravitational field. It is assumed that the orbit of the system center of mass is an ellipse of arbitrary eccentricity.We obtain equations that describe the motion of the carrier (satellite) about its center of mass. In the case of a circular orbit, we present conditions that should be imposed on the law of the relative motion of the mass point carried by the satellite so that the latter preserves a constant attitude with respect to the orbital coordinate system. In the case of a dynamically symmetric satellite, we consider the problem of existence of stationary and nearly stationary rotations for the case in which the carried point moves along the satellite symmetry axis.We consider several problems of dynamics of the satellite plane motion about its center of mass in an elliptic orbit of arbitrary eccentricity. In particular, we present the law of motion of the carried point in the case without eccentricity oscillations and study the stability of the satellite permanent attitude with respect to the orbital coordinate system.     

卫星编队飞行动力学与控制研究

简要介绍了卫星编队飞行的动力学与控制研究的最新进展，对今后研究工作的重点提出了建议．     

深度学习在飞行器动力学与控制中的应用研究综述

飞行器动力学与控制历经多年的发展取得辉煌成就,也面临着一系列亟需解决的难题。深度学习基于存储、记忆、预训练的新模式为动力学与控制难题的解决提供了新途径。本文以提升飞行器控制自主性和智能水平为研究主题,从三个方面总结了深度学习在飞行器动力学与控制中的应用,包括：在动力学建模中应用深度学习来提升模型计算效率和建模精度、求解模型反问题;在最优控制中应用深度学习来提升轨迹规划速度、最优控制实时性和自主性;在飞行器任务设计中应用深度学习来提升任务优化的计算效率和决策水平。在此基础上,梳理了各个方案的优缺点和部分代表性成果。最后,给出了深度学习应用于飞行器动力学与控制的四点建议。     

A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING IN AIRCRAFT DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

飞行器动力学与控制历经多年的发展取得辉煌成就,也面临着一系列亟需解决的难题。深度学习基于存储、记忆、预训练的新模式为动力学与控制难题的解决提供了新途径。本文以提升飞行器控制自主性和智能水平为研究主题,从三个方面总结了深度学习在飞行器动力学与控制中的应用,包括：在动力学建模中应用深度学习来提升模型计算效率和建模精度、求解模型反问题;在最优控制中应用深度学习来提升轨迹规划速度、最优控制实时性和自主性;在飞行器任务设计中应用深度学习来提升任务优化的计算效率和决策水平。在此基础上,梳理了各个方案的优缺点和部分代表性成果。最后,给出了深度学习应用于飞行器动力学与控制的四点建议。     

Review of deployment technology for tethered satellite systems

Tethered satellite systems (TSSs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential and valuable applications for scientific research. With the development of various launched on-orbit missions, the deployment of tethers is considered a crucial technology for operation of a TSS. Both past orbiting experiments and numerical results have shown that oscillations of the deployed tether due to the Coriolis force and environmental perturbations are inevitable and that the impact between the space tether and end-body at the end of the deployment process leads to complicated nonlinear phenomena. Hence, a set of suitable control methods plays a fundamental role in tether deployment. This review article summarizes previous work on aspects of the dynamics, control, and ground-based experiments of tether deployment. The relevant basic principles, analytical expressions, simulation cases, and experimental results are presented as well.     

航天重大工程中的力学问题

近年来,我国航天重大工程蓬勃发展,航天工程中新的力学问题不断涌现,开展航天工程力学问题研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用。随着航天器朝着超高速、深空探测、多功能方向的发展,其面临的发射和运行环境也更加恶劣,发射过程中的多场耦合、非线性等问题更加突出。大阵面、大挠性的航天器对在轨结构展开、模态辨识、刚柔耦合控制提出新的要求,而高精度、高分辨率的观测需求,为航天器在轨微振动、热致振动的研究带来了新的课题。同时,这一系列的问题也对航天器的地面试验和仿真分析等提出了更高的要求,在这些领域,各国学者也积累了一定的成果。本文概括介绍了近年来航天重大工程中出现的新的力学问题,从航天器的发射、在轨运行、地面仿真和试验等方面对航天工程中的力学问题进行了综述。内容主要集中在耦合动力学、空气动力学、多体动力学、结构动力学以及试验力学等方面,同时提出了工程中力学方面所面临的问题以及下一步的发展方向。     

Mechanical problems in momentous projects of aerospace engineering

近年来, 我国航天重大工程蓬勃发展, 航天工程中新的力学问题不断涌现, 开展航天工程力学问题研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用.随着航天器朝着超高速、深空探测、多功能方向的发展, 其面临的发射和运行环境也更加恶劣, 发射过程中的多场耦合、非线性等问题更加突出. 大阵面、大挠性的航天器对在轨结构展开、模态辨识、刚柔耦合控制提出新的要求, 而高精度、高分辨率的观测需求, 为航天器在轨微振动、热致振动的研究带来了新的课题. 同时, 这一系列的问题也对航天器的地面试验和仿真分析等提出了更高的要求, 在这些领域, 各国学者也积累了一定的成果. 本文概括介绍了近年来航天重大工程中出现的新的力学问题, 从航天器的发射、在轨运行、地面仿真和试验等方面对航天工程中的力学问题进行了综述. 内容主要集中在耦合动力学、空气动力学、多体动力学、结构动力学以及试验力学等方面, 同时提出了工程中力学方面所面临的问题以及下一步的发展方向.     

输液管模型及其非线性动力学近期研究进展

综述了输液管系统的各类物理模型及其相应的数学模型,在流体满足基本假设条件下,对于管道内径远远小于管道长度的直管和曲管,详细叙述了梁模型管动力学数学模型的建模过程以及建模方法,针对在水动压力作用下以及管道短而且薄的情形,综述了壳模型的输液管道的动力学方程.在此基础上,概述了近几年来输液管道的非线性振动、稳定性、分岔与混沌、特别是管道控制的研究现状,并对今后的发展趋势作了分析和预测.综观非线性动力学理论的发展历程可以发现选取研究对象和典型的数学模型是至关重要的.对于低维的非线性系统,常常选用van der Pol、Duffing、Mathieu、Lorenz等典型系统来进行研究工作的.通过本文可以看出,对于研究高维非线性系统动力学,流诱发输液管的动力学问题是非常典型的模型之一,它有着容易理解的工程背景、包含了梁和壳的振动问题,并且它的数学模型相对简单,然而却能包含非常复杂的非线性动力学现象,同时容易解释数学方法得到的结果易对应到工程中的实际现象.本文希望通过对输液管动力学模型及其非线性动力学和控制研究现状的综述,建立高维非线性动力学的分析模型,以便发展高维非线性动力学的分岔与混沌理论,同时建立相应的控制理论基础.