浅议工科化学教材的习题设置

实现专业对口教育向素质教育的转变，是当前高等教育改革的重点。素质教育不是对教育的分类，而是一种指导思想，一种教育观，它强调的是一种基础，一种素养，是一种做人和做学问的功底。以此来反思我国以往的高等教育，会发现诸多与之不相适应之处。本文拟从素质教育出发...     

青海翠雀化学成分的研究

用柱层析、制备薄层层析等对青海翠雀的化学成份进行了分离，并用IR，FA， MS，1HNMR，13C NMR及DEPT等光谱确定了化合物的结构，共分得5种二萜生物碱， 其中一种为新化合物，还分得一种非生物碱β-谷甾醇．     

有甜味的蛋白质

迄今为正已发现七种蛋白质能引起甜味感，其中五味为甜蛋白，一种为甜味诱发蛋白，还 有一种兼有前两类蛋白质的甜味特性，蛋白质的甜味感与其它有甜味的化合物显著不同，甜度受溶液中无盐浓度影响，剂量响应函数呈线性，甜味感的了现出现有迟滞现象。     

典型无机含氧酸自由基的特性

碳酸自由基、硝酸自由基、磷酸自由基和硫酸自由基是化学反应的重要中间体，都具有氧化性，对污染物在自然和人为环境中的迁移转化会产生重要的影响.文中较为详细地介绍这几种自由基的电极电位、产生方式、检测方法及与有机物的反应方式.总结四种自由基的特性及与有机物的反应方式可发现，四种自由基和羟自由基电极电位不同，导致它们和有机物反应速率的不同；碳酸自由基并不是羟自由基去除剂，对于一些容易被氧化的化合物，碳酸自由基氧化效果比羟自由基好；四种自由基均可由羟自由基转化而来，并且这四种自由基和羟自由基与有机物反应方式基本一致，都通过电子转移、夺氢和加成的方式进行.可以预测四种自由基和羟自由基降解有机物的机理将非常相似，今后应研究四种自由基与羟自由基相互转化的规律，以及与代表性有机物的反应机理.     

C60^2—单态的Jahn—Teller畸变和光谱性质

用ＩＮＤＯ系列方法，对Ｃ６０＾２－单态进行几何构型优化，得到３种不同对称性的构型：Ｄ５ｄ，Ｄ３ｄ，Ｄ２４，表明Ｃ６０＾２－已发生Ｊａｈｎ－Ｔｅｌｌｅｒ畸变，Ｄ５ｄ有４种原子７种键；Ｄ３ｄ有６种原子１０种键；Ｄ２ｈ有９种子１５种键，额外负电荷主要分布在赤道附近，以这３种构型为基础分别计算了Ｃ６０＾２－单态的电子光谱，说明Ｃ６０＾２－的基态应该是三态。     

国产仪器仪表与进口产品的差距

中国科协不久前发布了他们组织的调查结果：我国仪器仪表中的主体分析仪器，社会上正在应用的有90余种分析仪器，我国能够生产的产品为20余种，不到总量的1／3。其中，生命科学专用仪器约有80余种，我国商品化的生命科学专用仪器产品只有6种，目前在研的约10多种，离市场需求相差很远，这是数量上的差距。     

噻二唑及其衍生物的制备

合成了2，5-二流基-1，3，4-噻二唑及其八种胺盐衍生物和两种Mannich反应衍生物。测定了胺盐衍生物的部分物理常数和两种Mannich反应物的红外光谱、核磁1H谱数据，为杂环化合物润滑油添加剂的开发奠定基础。     

箬竹叶中黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱分析

用高效液相色谱法，以苯基柱为固定相，甲醇－水为流动相，并应用二极管阵列检测技术，分离和制备了箬竹叶中８种黄酮类化合物，经结构鉴定，确证６种为结构相近的黄酮甙类化合物，并以其中的芦丁的为标准，测定了８种黄酮类化合物在箬竹叶中的含量。     

七种香烟中锌,铜,铁,锰,镍含量的分析

用原子吸收法测定了７种香烟的５种微量元素的含量，结果表明，７种香烟中锌，铜，锌，锰，镍的含量存在的较大差异，其中以铁，锰含量较丰富，镍含量较少，本测定为探讨香烟中的微量元素与疾病的关系提供了有用数据。     

含L—氨基酸结构的手性液晶化合物的合成及其相变行为

合成了９种具Ｌ－氨基酸衍生物结构的介晶化合物、４种氨基酸衍生物和６种介晶化合物，新化合物的化学结构通过ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析证实，并用偏光显微观察和ＤＳＣ分析研究了其相变行为，结果表明有８种化合物呈现液晶相变。测定了它们的比旋光度，通过Ｘ射线射研究了化合物的近晶结构，证明其具铁电性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.