基于水平合成阵列的简正波波数估计

针对浅水声波导中简正波模数估计的孔径约束问题,提出了一种基于运动合成孔径高分辨谱分解的简正波波数估计方法。该方法先利用短水平阵运动合成大孔径虚拟阵列,再通过合成阵列进行高分辨谱分解来进行简正波波数估计。数值仿真结果和海试数据测试表明,孔径运动合成技术的应用,解决了水平阵进行简正波模数估计时孔径不足的问题;拖曳阵在远离目标水平运动的过程中,做垂直向机动可以提高简正波模数估计精度。      

基于抛物方程的海陆环境信号时延与到达角估计

针对复杂海陆环境中的无线信号传播预测问题,研究了适用于抛物方程的信号时延与到达角估计方法。将自由空间中抛物方程轴向波前信号视为本地副本信号,然后利用信号的自相关特性,将接收信号与副本信号进行互相关运算,最后通过相关函数的峰值检索,得到脉冲信号在复杂环境中传播的附加时延。采用数值算例,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。此外,采用多重信号分类算法,由抛物方程构建接收阵列的协方差矩阵,并对其进行特征值分解,然后利用信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性,实现复杂环境中的信号到达角估计。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的平面波谱方法,该方法具有更高的多径分辨率。基于上述方法,并结合数字地图,在典型的海陆环境中进行了仿真实验,分析了蒸发波导对脉冲信号传播时延和到达角的影响。     

基于垂直阵模态分解的低频水声信号盲解卷处理研究

研究了基于人工时反处理的水声信号盲解卷方法,并在此基础上提出了一种基于简正波模态分解的低频水声信号的盲解卷处理方法。该方法适用于浅海波导中垂直阵接收的远程低频水声信号的盲解卷处理。该方法首先从浅海中垂直阵接收的信号中提取(估计)出波导中传播的简正波模态函数信息,然后,根据估计的模态函数信息通过模态滤波来实现水声信道盲解卷处理。针对典型的浅海波导环境,进行了计算机仿真试验,结果表明:(1)远程低频条件下,模态分解方法可以从垂直阵接收的信号中提取出波导中有效传播的模态函数信息,因此这种方法解决了目前人工时反处理方法需要准确的模态函数先验信息的问题;(2)在一定带宽条件下,接收信号信噪比较低时,本文给出的这种基于模态滤波的盲解卷方法比人工时反处理具有更好的解卷性能。     

一种基于简正波模态消频散变换的声源距离深度估计方法

针对浅海环境中传播的低频宽带水声脉冲信号,基于简正波水平波数差和波导不变量之间的关系,本文提出了一种利用距离-频散参数二维平面聚焦测距与匹配模态能量定深的目标声源定位方法.首先,通过将由频散参数和波导不变量表示的前几阶模态相速度与由环境模型计算的相速度进行对比分析,从而估计出前几阶模态的频散参数和环境的波导不变量.其次,利用估计出的频散参数值和波导不变量对接收信号进行消频散变换处理,只有当接收信号的距离参数等于目标声源距离时,各号简正波的幅度均达到最大值,在距离-频散参数二维平面上,出现声压聚焦的现象,利用此现象可以估计目标声源的距离.不仅如此,消频散变换后的接收信号,前几阶模态在时域上明显地分离开来,可以准确地估计出前几阶模态的能量,采用多模态能量匹配的方式,可以估计出目标声源的深度.最后,通过对仿真和冬季获得的气枪信号数据处理结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

应用半正定规划的目标方位超分辨方法

针对水下目标方位超分辨估计问题,提出了一种基于半正定规划(Sdp)的常规波束(CBF)方位超分辨算法(SdpCBF).Sdp-CBF算法基于常规波束形成获得多目标方位谱数据,利用阵列响应矩阵和半正定规划技术,精确估计目标数量和波达角方向.该算法的本质是利用阵列特性和信号能量信息获得超分辨方位估计,不用进行子空间分解,通过卷积反演的方式将阵列孔径的有限效应消除,在L₂范数约束条件下重构空间谱.仿真表明,Sdp-CBF算法具有较强的噪声抑制能力,对非相干和相干信号均具有目标方位超分辨能力,在低信噪比环境下的方位分辨性能超过多重信号分类(MUSIC)等经典高分辨算法。对消声水池以及湖上实验数据的处理结果显示,Sdp-CBF算法在复杂环境中对相干信号及微弱信号具有较强的分辨能力。      

采用条件波数谱密度函数的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法

针对宽带高分辨方位估计存在方位估计偏差大、算法复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于条件波数谱密度(Conditional Wavenumber Spectral Density based,CWSD-based)的宽带高分辨方位谱估计算法.该算法利用条件波数谱密度将阵列信号转换到频率-波数空间,宽带信号能量在该空间的坐标呈现与入射角相关的线性分布,通过借鉴直线检测原理,实现邻近目标的高分辨方位估计,且无需预估角度和信源数等信息。仿真结果表明,该算法理论分辨率与处理最高频率成反比,估计均方误差约为0.1°,对阵形畸变鲁棒,运算效率高。海上试验数据表明,本文方法在方位分辨率、弱目标检测、非目标向噪声抑制、稳健性等方面都优于宽带常规波束形成和最小方差无畸变算法,在实际海洋中可实现超低旁瓣高分辨波达方向估计。      

声强谱频移补偿的波导不变量和距离估计方法

基于声强的距离一频率干涉结构,利用对水平阵不同阵元信号的声强谱进行频移补偿的方法估计波导不变量和距离。在波导不变量和距离其中一项已知的情况下,可以通过该方法估计另外一项。利用2011年12月北黄海水声实验中拖曳声源发射和海底水平阵接收的线性调频信号,通过上述方法估计了不同距离处的波导不变量。结果显示波导不变量的估计值在0.8到1.2之间变化,其均值与利用实测海洋环境计算的理论值符合良好。同时,利用相同的信号和波导不变量的理论计算值,通过上述方法在不同时刻进行距离估计,结果与GPS测量距离基本一致。      

多级恒模阵对目标方位估计性能的实验研究

实验分析了一种重要的盲波束形成算法——多级恒模阵对多个统计独立目标的方位估计性能,并与一些“盲”的和非“盲”的方位估计算法进行了比较。首先考虑了理想的阵列模型。然后在阵元响应中加入阵元幅相误差,通过改变误差的大小,进一步分析了算法对阵列模型误差的稳健性。最后针对不同尺寸接收阵和目标间不同角度间距分别进行了水池实验。计算机仿真实验和水池实验数据处理结果表明:当目标源间统计独立时,多级恒模阵对目标信号的捕获、分离不依赖于阵列流形,可以在盲分离信号的基础上估计出目标方位,角度分辨率不受瑞利限的限制,而且对阵列模型误差具有较好的稳健性。该结果验证了多级恒模阵可以对统计独立的多目标方位进行稳健盲估计。     

浅海运动目标波束域波导不变量测距方法研究

波导不变量是描述海洋波导环境声信号水平距离与频率干涉结构现象的特征参量。运动目标波导不变量测距方法需要已知目标速度值,运动目标速度一般是未知的。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种利用水平线阵估计目标运动速度的浅海波导不变量测距方法。该方法通过不同时刻波束域声信号互谱分析进行声源速度估计,结合HOUGH变换提取的LOFAR图斜率和波导不变量进行运动目标测距。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效的进行运动目标的距离估计。利用2013年7月浅海实验数据,该方法估计出了发射船的距离,并与GPS测量的距离进行对比,相对误差小于10%。      

浅海运动目标波束域波导不变量测距方法研究

波导不变量是描述海洋波导环境声信号水平距离与频率干涉结构现象的特征参量。运动目标波导不变量测距方法需要已知目标速度值,运动目标速度一般是未知的。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种利用水平线阵估计目标运动速度的浅海波导不变量测距方法。该方法通过不同时刻波束域声信号互谱分析进行声源速度估计,结合HOUGH变换提取的LOFAR图斜率和波导不变量进行运动目标测距。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效的进行运动目标的距离估计。利用2013年7月浅海实验数据,该方法估计出了发射船的距离,并与GPS测量的距离进行对比,相对误差小于10%。     

Filtering characteristics of spatial filter for spatial filtering velocimeter

In order to select a suitable spatial filter for the spatial filtering velocimeter, the filtering characteristics of the spatial filters with a rectangular window and rectangular transmittance are investigated by the power spectrum of transmittance function method. The filtering characteristics of differential filters are investigated and compared with that of common ones. The influences of the number of spatial periods on the spectral bandwidth,deviation to central frequency, and peak transmittance are deeply analyzed. The results show that the influence is due to the form of superposition of the signal components and other components, the pedestal and higher-order components, and the superposition results from the finite size of the spatial filter. According to the results, a method is proposed to compensate for the deviation to central frequency.     

空间相位调制对光伏孤子传播的影响

利用空间相位调制技术控制高斯光束在光伏晶体中的传播.数值分析结果表明，适当地选择各调制参数，可以使光束以类孤子的形式传播，或使光束发生自偏转、分束、发散.还进一步就中心光强、半高全宽的大小对相位调制的影响作了定性的分析. 关键词： 空间光学孤子 空间相位调制 光开关 光偏转 光分束     

Suppression of spatial chaos via noise-induced growth of arrays of spatial solitons

Domain walls with oscillatory tails are commonplace in models of spatially extended nonlinear optical devices. Their interaction and locking at discrete distances lead to asymptotically stable spatial disorder. We show that noise in the presence of domain walls with oscillatory tails can suppress spatial disorder by privileging highly correlated dynamical states consisting of arrays of spatial solitons.     

Formation of spatial solitons and spatial shock waves in photorefractive crystals

An analytical model, which describes the drift and diffusion mechanisms for the formation of the nonlinear response (local and nonlocal nonlinearities) of photorefractive crystals on the microscopic level, is constructed. New types of stable self-consistent distributions of the light field intensity, i.e., spatial solitons, are found. The trajectories of their motion (self-bending) are calculated, and the possibility of observing a new nonlinear-optical effect in photorefractive crystals, viz., the formation of spatial shock waves, is demonstrated. The modulation instability appearing when plane waves propagate in photorefractive crystals is analyzed, and the characteristic spatial scales of the light field distribution formed as a result of self-interaction (fanning) are determined. The results of the analysis are confirmed by computer simulation data. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 705–716 (February 1997)     

Rectification of spatial disorder

We demonstrate that a large ensemble of noiseless globally coupled-pinned oscillators is capable of rectifying spatial disorder with spontaneous current activated through a dynamical phase transition mechanism, either of first or second order, depending on the profile of the pinning potential. In the presence of an external weak drive, the same collective mechanism can result in an absolute negative mobility, which, though not immediately related to symmetry breaking, is most prominent at the phase transition. Our results apply to a tug-of-war by competing molecular motors for bidirectional cargo transport.     

Synthesis of spatial coherence

The mutual intensity function plays a major role in characterizing quasi-monochromatic, partially coherent optical signals. We propose to use the mutual intensity as a carrier of information to avoid speckle noise in coherent illumination systems and to permit the use of complex functions that are prohibited spatially incoherent sources. To do this we require methods for encoding the information as a coherence function. An optical system for synthesizing a beam with a given mutual intensity function is proposed. The optical system permits the synthesis of any desired mutual intensity function. The illumination is supplied by a quasi-monochromatic, spatially incoherent source. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this system for several cases.     

Dynamics of spatial averages

We study the dynamics of spatial averages of spatially extended dynamical systems. We present various examples of lattice dynamical systems to show the possibility of different behaviors, including asymptotically constant, periodic, and non-periodic, of spatial averages. We explain that the fluctuation in spatial averages is caused by the transitivity and the lack of symmetry of the dynamics of local subsystems. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

Display of spatial coherence

The mutual-intensity function plays a major role in characterizing quasi-monochromatic, partially coherent optical signals. We demonstrate an optical system for displaying the mutual intensity of a one-dimensional input beam. The experimental system is based on the fact that the mutual intensity of a signal can be expressed as the ensemble averaging of a cross-correlation operation between two related optical signals. The setup consists of a Sagnac interferometer followed by an optoelectronic joint transform correlator. Experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of the mutual-intensity analyzer.     

Optical spatial solitons

Optical and Quantum Electronics - It is almost common knowledge now that particles also possess properties of waves. But, can localized wave-packets behave and interact like particles? This article...