ACTA PHYSICO-CHIMICA SINICA Scope of the Journal

1)THERMODYNAMICS,KINETICS,AND STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY(chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters,calorimetry,nonequilibrium thermodynamics and dissipative structure,statistical thermodynamics,macrokinetics,molecular dynamics,ultrafast dynamics,excited states,solution chemistry,complex fluids,solution structure,atmospheric chemistry,dynamic structure,molecular structure,bulk structure,clusters,spectroscopy)2)THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY(quantum chemistry,statistical mechanics.simulation methods and application,computational chemistry,chemical informatics)     

专利

一种不锈钢样品全元素分析方法公开号:CN102359972A公开日:2012.02.22申请人:山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司一种不锈钢样品全元素分析方法,属于冶金分析领域,它分别用直读光谱法和X射线荧光法分析C,Si,Mn,P,S,Cu,Al,Mo,V,Ti,Co,As,Sn,Pb元素,将直读光谱法分析结果与X射线荧光法分析结果进行相关性处理,在X射线荧光分析仪中添加C,Si,Mn,P,S,Cu,Al,Mo,V,Ti,     

蒙古蒿精油化学成份的研究I.

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the leaves of artemisia mongolica Fisch. were separated by gas chromatography employing glass capillary eolumns and identified by GC-MS-COM. 30 components have been separated and identified, i.e. 2-methyl-2-butene, methylene cyclopentane, 7,7-dimethyl-3-methylen-bicyclo-(3, 1, 1) heptane, α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, 1-octen-3-o1, β-thujene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, bornylene, p-cymene, terpinen-1-o1, artemisia ketone, γ-terpinene, β-terpineol, 3,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo-(3, 1,1)-2-heptanol, α-terpinolene, verbenone, linalool iso-thujone, thujone, camphor, isopulegone, isoborneol, terpinen-4-o1, α-terpineol, myrtenol, trans- carveol, cis-carveol.     

补充锶(Sr)元素的食疗方法

若缺锶,人得痴,骨骼软,龋齿病,再发展,齿坏完,体形变,牙齿动,吃食难,常出现,青少年,容易患,提早治,取龙骨,经炮制,一百克,不怕难,食疗法,最简便.     

Multivalent metal-sulfur batteries for green and cost-effective energy storage:Current status and challenges

Multivalent metal-sulfur(M-S,where M=Mg,Al,Ca,Zn,Fe,etc.)batteries offer unique opportunities to achieve high specific capacity,elemental abundancy and cost-effectiveness beyond lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the slow diffusion of multivalent-metal ions and the shuttle of soluble polysulfide result in impoverished reversible capacity and limited cycle performance of M-S(Mg-S,Al-S,Ca-S,Zn-S,Fe-S,etc.)batteries.It is a necessity to optimize the electrochemical performance,while deepening the understanding of the unique electrochemical reaction mechanism,such as the intrinsic multi-electron reaction process,polysulfides dissoluti on and the in stability of metal an odes.To solve these problems,we have summarized the state-of-the-art progress of current M-S batteries,and sorted out the existing challen ges for different multivalent M-S batteries according to sulfur cathode,electrolytes,metallic an ode and current collectors/separators,respectively.In this literature,we have surveyed and exemplified the strategies developed for better M-S batteries to strengthen the application of green,cost-effective and high energy density M-S batteries.     

生物综合工業(微生物工業)(中)

第二、培養基的條件培養基的功用,一方面是供给菌種生长的需要,另一方面是供给菌種综合产品的原料。其成分可分为两類:第一類为炭水化物,如糖飴,玉黍粉,麥粉,馬鈴薯,紙漿废液,葡萄糖等。這些是酒精,丙酮戊醇,构椽酸,酵母等工業的重要原料。其功用是供给微生物生长的能(Energy)。第二類成分是蛋白性的材料如酪素,玉黍浆(Corn steep)粟米,蛋清,鱼肉,肉膏,蛋白脒,     

Advances of Chromatography in Analysis of Complex Samples

Theseparationandidentificationofcomplexsamplesisanurgenttaskthatanalyticalchemistryhastoface .Chromatography ,asanimportantanalysistechnique ,hasbeenwidelyappliedtomanyfields,suchaslifescience ,environment,medicine ,foodandpetrochemicalengineering .Re cen…     

氢氧化铜系列氧化剂氧化性实验研究

1问题提出新制氢氧化铜、斐林试剂、班氏试剂是有机定性实验,物质鉴别、临床生化检验中常用的化学试剂,其有效成分均为Cu(OH)2,具有一定氧化性,但制法、氧化性强弱、针对性各有不同,不少教材将3者混为一谈,全国医学高等专科学校教材《医用化学》(人民卫生出版社第5版,卫生部规划教材)醛酮实验中,用班氏试剂氧化乙醛,观察现象,应有砖红色浑浊,然而,即使在沸水浴、酒精灯煮沸、乙醛过量情况下,亦无法观察到纯正的砖红色,为此,笔者就3种试剂氧化性强弱及针对不同类型还原性可溶有机物适宜性问题,从电极电势值大小比较和实验现象对照两方面着…     

CXN天然沸石的研究2: 吸附性质

采用N~2,NH~3,CO~2,乙烯,丙烯,水,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇等作为吸附剂,研究了由我国CXN天然沸石改性制得的H-STI和Na-STI沸石的吸附性质,H-STI和Na-STI沸石的BET表面积及微孔孔体积约为420m^2/g和0.20m^3/g。根据NH~3和CO~2在H-STI沸石上的吸附等温线计算得到它们的吸附热分别为44.8和26.5kJ/mol。乙烯,丙烯,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇等在Na-STI沸石上的吸附等温线表明该沸石对有机分子的吸附具有链长选择性。在低分压下水相对于甲醇的吸附量表明沸石具有一定的疏水性质。     

河北省特级教师:李颖

李颖,女,1959年11月出生,中国共产党员．河北省特级教师,石家庄市专业技术拔尖人才,中学高级教师,现任河北省石家庄市桥东区教育局教研室主任、化学教研员,中国教育学会河北省化学专业委员会理事,中国化学会会员。     

A confirmatory method for the simultaneous extraction,separation, identification and quantification of Tetracycline,Sulphonamide, Trimethoprim and Dapsone residues in muscle by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC

A rapid confirmatory multi-residue method for the analysis of tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone by UPLC-MS/MS is described. The method is able to quantify and confirm the following 19 compounds, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, trimethoprim, sulfamerazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfachlorpyridazine, dapsone, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfadimethoxine. Samples are extracted with 0.1 M EDTA and acetonitrile, which is then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and reconstituted in water. Following centrifugation and filtering, an aliquot is analysed by UPLC-MS/MS using positive electrospray ionisation and multiple reaction monitoring. The method is deemed rapid as all analytes are extracted by a single extraction technique, with no solid-phase extraction clean up required. Validation is according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and was carried out for bovine, porcine, ovine and poultry species. Specificity, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, CCα and CCβ data is presented.     

伊敏褐煤中微量元素的地球化学特征及其无机-有机亲和性分析

采用脱矿物质、提取腐殖酸等方法结合ICP-MS对伊敏15_上、16_下煤中的32种微量元素的含量及其赋存特征进行了分析。与地壳克拉克值及中国侏罗-白垩纪煤和世界褐煤中微量元素含量相比,伊敏褐煤中微量元素没有明显富集。脱矿物质处理后,Ni明显富集,As略比原煤高,其他微量元素都低于原煤。原煤提取腐殖酸和脱矿物煤提取腐殖酸中Ni、Mo、Cd、Sn、W明显富集,这表明Ni、Mo、Cd、Sn、W和腐殖酸形成了稳定的有机态化合物。原煤提取腐殖酸残煤和脱矿物煤提取腐殖酸残煤中V、Ni、As富集,表明V、Ni、As与煤的大分子结构形成了稳定的有机态化合物。根据微量元素和灰分的相关性系数,把微量元素分为以下几类:无机富集元素Cr、U;亲无机元素Cu、Cd、In、Sn、Ga、Y、Zr、Hf、Bi、Th;偏无机元素Be、Sc、Rb、Sr、Nb、Cs、Ta、Pb;偏有机元素V、As、Tl、Ba、Se;亲有机元素Li、Co、W;有机富集元素Ni、Zn、Mo、Sb。     

Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium,Mercury, Lead,Arsenic, Copper,and Zinc in Human Breast Milk by ICP‐MS/Microwave Digestion

Abstract

An analytical method using microwave digestion and inductively coupled argon plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis was developed for the measurement of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn in human breast milk. We applied external calibration, internal calibration, and standard addition for reference material and pooled milk analysis. Method performances were defined in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision. Accuracy varied between 93% and 105% and precision between 3% and 8%. External calibration and background interferences were checked through a calibrator addition procedure. Our method has shown high accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, as well as linearity within a wide range of values. Our methodology, developed by treatment of reference material and pooled milk samples, was applied for determination of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in 120 human breast milk samples.     

Tools and resources for metabolomics research community: A 2017–2018 update

The scale at which MS‐ and NMR‐based platforms generate metabolomics datasets for both research, core, and clinical facilities to address challenges in the various sciences—ranging from biomedical to agricultural—is underappreciated. Thus, metabolomics efforts spanning microbe, environment, plant, animal, and human systems have led to continual and concomitant growth of in silico resources for analysis and interpretation of these datasets. These software tools, resources, and databases drive the field forward to help keep pace with the amount of data being generated and the sophisticated and diverse analytical platforms that are being used to generate these metabolomics datasets. To address challenges in data preprocessing, metabolite annotation, statistical interrogation, visualization, interpretation, and integration, the metabolomics and informatics research community comes up with hundreds of tools every year. The purpose of the present review is to provide a brief and useful summary of more than 95 metabolomics tools, software, and databases that were either developed or significantly improved during 2017–2018. We hope to see this review help readers, developers, and researchers to obtain informed access to these thorough lists of resources for further improvisation, implementation, and application in due course of time.     

A review on elastic graphene aerogels: Design,preparation, and applications

Graphene aerogels with unique properties, such as ultralow density, super-elasticity, high specific surface area, and excellent thermal stability, have undergone great progress in the past decades. Especially, super-elastic graphene aerogels provide a highly attention-catching platform for developing advanced energy devices, pressure sensors, contaminates adsorbents, and electromagnetic wave shielding and absorption materials, and so forth. In this review, we begin with the introduction and discussion of various fabrication techniques and compare their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the template-free assembly process and template-assisted assembly process. Then, we summarize the factors influencing the compressibility and elasticity of graphene aerogels, including intrinsic properties of building blocks, constituent materials, and structure design, and their wide applications. At the end, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of this field.     

Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles: syntheses,optical properties,and biological applications

We review the syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide (CdSe–ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we selected the syntheses of QDs and Au and Ag NPs in aqueous and organic phases, size- and shape-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and plasmon of metal NPs, and their bioimaging applications. The PL properties of QDs are discussed with reference to their band gap structure and various electronic transitions, relations of PL and photoactivated PL with surface defects, and blinking of single QDs. Optical properties of Ag and Au NPs are discussed with reference to their size- and shape-dependent surface plasmon bands, electron dynamics and relaxation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The bioimaging applications are discussed with reference to in vitro and in vivo imaging of live cells, and in vivo imaging of cancers, tumor vasculature, and lymph nodes. Other aspects of the review are in vivo deep tissue imaging, multiphoton excitation, NIR fluorescence and SERS imaging, and toxic effects of NPs and their clearance from the body. Figure Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles have extensive applications, e.g., in vitro and in vivo bioimaging Tamitake Itoh and Abdulaziz Anas contributed equally to this article.     

天然化合物芦丁的治疗潜力

芦丁属于类黄酮化合物,广泛存在于人们日常食用的各种蔬菜、水果和中草药中。 芦丁是天然的抗氧化剂,有清除自由基的特性,可调节众多疾病有关的细胞内和细胞外信号通路,影响细胞的生长,分化及其功能,对人们的健康,防病治病起着重要作用。芦丁具有广泛的药理活性,抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗癌、预防和治疗心脑血管疾病。以芦丁为原料的药品有多种,使用芦丁毒副作用小,安全,成本低。由于芦丁的生物利用度低,在临床上应用受到一定的限制。克服芦丁溶解性差的问题已经有各种方法,例如使用环糊精的络合,磷脂等,改善水溶性,从而增加生物利用度。本文综述了芦丁的多种潜在用途和治疗作用的信息,与药物输送相关的问题,以及改善药物生物利用度的可能方法。重点介绍了芦丁的抗炎、抗癌、降糖、对心血管的保护作用,为天然化合物的开发和利用奠定基础。     

Contributions to the Chemistry of the Binary Compounds of the Transition Elements

Phase and structural relationships of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups IV to VII of the periodic system are discussed. Homologous elements behave very similarly with respect to the chalcogens, and this is particularly the case for niobium and tantalum, and for molybdenum and tungsten. However, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum have a greater tendency towards formation of chalcogen-poor phases than their homologues hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. Subchalcogenides are known only for zirconium and niobium. The number of phases and the tendency towards formation of solid solutions are considerably smaller among the tellurides than among the sulfides and selenides. The crystal structures of the telluride phases also differ from those of the sulfide and selenide phases of analogous composition. In addition, a review of the phase and structural relationships of the arsenic and antimony compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups V to VII is given.     

蛋白质、凝胶电泳及其分析应用

蛋白质是重要的生物高分子，具有催化、传输、运动、防御和调节等重要生理功能，其分离、纯化和表征对理解和利用它们在生命过程中的作用具有重大理论意义和实际价值。凝胶电泳是蛋白质测定中应用最广泛和最强有力的工具。本文讨论凝胶电泳方法及其在蛋白质分析方面的新进展。首先介绍蛋白质的性质和功能，然后讨论蛋白质试样制备方法，最后评述各种凝胶电泳分离技术及其在蛋白质分离、纯化和表征等方面的应用。     

含希夫碱侧基聚酯及其锌配合物的合成和性能

经多步反应合成2种新型含希夫碱侧基聚酯(P5,P6),进一步与醋酸锌反应得到2种聚酯锌配合物(P5-Zn,P6-Zn)。 采用元素分析、FT-IR、UV-Vis、¹H NMR、GPC、TG、DSC和荧光光谱等技术手段对其结构和性能进行表征。 P5和P6均溶于四氢呋喃(THF)、氯仿(CHCl₃)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮法(NMP)等有机溶剂,P5-Zn和P6-Zn部分溶于THF及CHCl₃,溶于DMF、DMAc、DMSO、NMP等有机溶剂。 P5和P6的重均相对分子质量M_w及相对分子质量分布指数PDI分别为4164、6148 g/mol和1.42、1.43。 P5、P6、P5-Zn和P6-Zn的5%失重温度分别为339、348、367和358℃。 P5、P6、P5-Zn和P6-Zn的玻璃化转变温度T_g分别为88.8、123.3、39.8和63.8 ℃。 P5和P6的DMF溶液(5×10^-5 mol/L)在418和416 nm处发射弱紫色荧光,P5-Zn和P6-Zn的DMF溶液(5×10^-5 mol/L)在505和506 nm处发射强绿色荧光,固体P5-Zn和P6-Zn在527和532 nm处发射强绿色荧光。