旋转状态下的GPS信号跟踪性能

对于旋转载体采用圆柱共形微带天线更易实现对GPS信号稳定和连续的接收,然而接收得到的信号含有载体旋转引入的调制效应,对接收机跟踪环路提出了较高的要求。在考虑圆柱共形微带天线相位中心偏移的基础上,分析了载体旋转对GPS载波相位和频率的影响,研究了旋转状态下接收机跟踪环路的性能。仿真结果表明：为了减少旋转引入的动态应力误差,保持对GPS载波相位的稳定跟踪,必须相应的增大接收机跟踪环路的带宽,且旋转状态下二阶环路的跟踪性能要好于三阶环路。     

旋转Rayleigh梁动力学性能的研究

采用广义Hamilton原理推导了旋转Rayleigh梁在重力作用下的运动方程, 研究了简支-简支边界条件下旋转Rayleigh梁的动态特性, 指出并证明文献中所推导的运动方程缺失了一个由离心力引起的陀螺效应项. 理论分析和数值模拟了激励频率、陀螺效应、转动惯量、长细比对涡动频率、临界速度和模态振型的影响. 结果表明, 正向涡动频率随着激励频率的增加先增加后减小, 而反向涡动频率则随着激励频率的增加一直减小; 旋转Rayleigh梁有着无限多阶正向和反向临界速度; 正向涡动频率总是大于同阶的反向涡动频率.      

带充液腔重刚体的自旋稳定性

本文讨论带任意个充液腔的重刚体的自旋稳定性。以平均涡量作为液体的离散化变量,导出解析形式稳定性判据,并用于讨论充液自旋弹丸。对腔内隔板增强自旋稳定性的实际效果进行了估计。     

Effects of residual stress and viscous and hysteretic dampings on the stability of a spinning micro-shaft

This study examines the effects of the residual stress and viscous and hysteretic dampings on the vibrational behavior and stability of a spinning Timoshenko micro-shaft.A modified couple stress theory(MCST) is used to elucidate the sizedependency of the micro-shaft spinning stability,and the equations of motion are derived by employing Hamilton’s principle and a spatial beam for spinning micro-shafts.Moreover,a differential quadrature method(DQM) is presented,along with the exact solution for t...     

自旋对界面滑移弹流油膜的影响

应用旋滑式光干涉弹流薄膜测量系统研究了自旋对界面滑移条件下玻璃盘-钢球形成的反常弹流油膜的影响,通过弹流接触副与玻璃盘旋转中心距离的调节,在弹流润滑中实现不同程度的自旋,即引入不同的旋滑比.结果表明,随着旋滑比的增加,油膜整体厚度减小,油膜形状呈现明显的非对称性,人口凹陷的深度有所减小;最小油膜厚度的速度指数随旋滑比的增加而增加;固定偏心距,随着载荷的增加,最小膜厚先增加后减小,油膜形状的非对称性增强.对上述观察到的试验现象,也进行了相应的理论解释,认为自旋引起的卷吸速度变化及气穴区的不对称是主要诱因.     

Experiments on spinning detonations with detailed analysis of the shock structure

Spinning detonations are characteristic of detonation limit phenomena in round tubes. In this work we study experimentally the structure of the transverse wave of single-headed spinning detonations. The flow field is experimentally analysed and an original approach enables us to calculate the overall shock structure. The calculations and experimental results indicate that the actual structure of the spinning detonation tries to match closely to the condition where the state parameters (pressure and temperature) reach their maximum values. This condition corresponds to a spinning head where the Mach stem is normal to the incoming flow and could be readily used as boundary condition by further investigators to determine the structure of spinning detonations. Received 1 August 1997/ Accepted 13 July 1998     

高强度液晶高分子纺丝纤维取向机制研究

在取向运动输运方程基础上，研究液晶高分子纺丝拉伸流动取向特征、定常取向运动和非定常运动．应用拉格朗日方法研究了轴对称纺丝拉伸流动稳定性．得出液晶高分子纺丝拉伸中分子取向有较高的稳定性，其取向运动具有高抗解取向性，较易形成高取向度，这是制成高强度和高模量纤维、薄膜和模塑制品的基础．     

Transient solutions of the dynamics in low-speed fiber spinning process accompanied by flow-induced crystallization

The transient solutions of the fiber spinning process when flow-induced crystallization occurs on the spinline have not been reported yet in the literature. By contrast, the steady state behavior is well understood and has been simulated by many researchers, as has the transient behavior with no crystallization on the spinline. In this study, this particular issue has been investigated in the low-speed spinning case where no necklike deformation occurs on the spinline, incorporating flow-induced crystallization into the mathematical model of the system and then devising proper numerical schemes to produce temporal pictures of fiber spinning process. It turns out that the difficulty in obtaining transient solution for fiber spinning when it is accompanied by flow-induced crystallization lies in the extreme sensitivity of the spinline velocity toward the fluid stress level. This parameter plays a key role in finding the spinneret stress level for the numerical marching scheme employed in obtaining the solutions of the governing equations. This is in sharp contrast to the case of no crystallization on the spinline where the profiles of spinline variables are almost insensitive to the spinneret stress level, thus allowing previous researchers to obtain transient solutions with little difficulty. In addition to the successful transient solutions of fiber spinning dynamics with flow-induced crystallization reported in the present study, it is also shown that the destabilizing effect of flow-induced crystallization in low speed spinning process is confirmed by a linear stability analysis.     

自旋液体晃动Pfeiffer方法的分析

本文对研究自旋液体晃动的Pfeiffer方法提出了一种分析方法,从而将液体自由振动的稳定性的Pfeiffer方法推广于既有重力又有自旋的液体晃动的研究。     

A note on internal damping induced self-excited vibration in a rotor by considering source loading of a DC motor drive

It is well known that rotors become unstable beyond a certain threshold spinning speed due to the non-conservative circulatory forces, which arise out of rotating internal damping. In this note, it is shown that if the source loading of the non-ideal drive is considered then this instability manifests itself as a constant rotor spinning speed and a constant amplitude whirl orbit about an unstable equilibrium. A DC motor drive is considered and the corresponding steady-state spinning frequency and whirl orbit amplitude are analytically derived as functions of the drive and the rotor system parameters.     

Stability of an internally damped non-ideal flexible spinning shaft

The stability domain of an internally damped flexible spinning shaft, which is driven by a non-ideal source, is studied in this paper. It is found that the higher transverse modes may become unstable before the lower ones under certain conditions. In particular, we find the entrainment of the shaft spinning speed at specific values corresponding to the lowest stability threshold among all transverse modes. Moreover, the steady state amplitude of the transverse vibrations when the shaft spinning speed is stuck at the stability threshold is determined analytically. The analytical results thus obtained are validated with numerical simulations.     

Nonlinear free vibration of spinning cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions

The aim of the present study is to investigate the nonlinear free vibration of spinning cylindrical shells under spinning and arbitrary boundary conditions. Artificial springs are used to simulate arbitrary boundary conditions. Sanders' shell theory is employed, and von Kármán nonlinear terms are considered in the theoretical modeling. By using Chebyshev polynomials as admissible functions, motion equations are derived with the Ritz method. Then, a direct iteration method is used to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies. The effects of the circumferential wave number, the boundary spring stiffness, and the spinning speed on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the shells are highlighted. It is found that there exist sensitive intervals for the boundary spring stiffness, which makes the variation of the nonlinear frequency ratio more evident. The decline of the frequency ratio caused by the spinning speed is more significant for the higher vibration amplitude and the smaller boundary spring stiffness.     

Prediction of birefringence,stresses and kinematics in fibre spinning for solutions of finitely extensible macromolecules

A study of fibre spinning using an equation of state which accounts for the finite extensibility of the macromolecule is described. The results in this study show the birefringence to increase in a less than linear fashion with spinning stress, which is in agreement with experimental data. Previous studies use equations of state which allow the macromolecule to extend infinitely and therefore predict birefringence to increase linearly with the spinning stress. Accounting for the finite extensibility allows the simulation to be performed at higher throughputs which are more representative of those encoutered in industry. Draw ratios are predicted which are greater than the limit imposed by the infinitely extensible macromolecule model.     

Effect of initial disturbance on the detonation front structure of a narrow duct

The effect of an initial disturbance on the detonation front structure in a narrow duct is studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical method used includes a high-resolution fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for spatial discretization, coupled with a third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta time-stepping method. Two types of disturbances are used for the initial perturbation. One is a random disturbance which is imposed on the whole area of the detonation front, and the other is a symmetrical disturbance imposed within a band along the diagonal direction on the front. The results show that the two types of disturbances lead to different processes. For the random disturbance, the detonation front evolves into a stable spinning detonation. For the symmetrical diagonal disturbance, the detonation front displays a diagonal pattern at an early stage, but this pattern is unstable. It breaks down after a short while and it finally evolves into a spinning detonation. The spinning detonation structure ultimately formed due to the two types of disturbances is the same. This means that spinning detonation is the most stable mode for the simulated narrow duct. Therefore, in a narrow duct, triggering a spinning detonation can be an effective way to produce a stable detonation as well as to speed up the deflagration to detonation transition process.     

自旋液体晃动研究

对旋转对称中心贮箱内的自旋液体晃动问题，提出了一个直接对Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程进行Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ离散的近似方法，并分析了方法的近似性。     

Determination of the elongational viscosity of polymer melts by melt spinning experiments. A comparison with different experimental techniques

In this work, melt spinning experiments were tentatively used for the determination of the elongational viscosity of polymer melts at different levels of tensile strain and strain rate. The materials examined were two high-density polyethylene grades for blow moulding with similar number-average molecular mass but different polydispersity index. The data from melt spinning tests were compared with transient extensional viscosity data obtained by uniform isothermal tensile tests, performed by means of an extensional rheometer, as well as with those produced by converging flow tests (Cogswell model). The results showed that for high strain and strain rate levels, the melt spinning experiments provide elongational viscosity data quite close to the transient extensional viscosity values obtained from the tensile tests.     

Extensional flow behavior of polymer solutions and particle suspensions in a spinning motion

Mechanical spinning of fluid filaments was used to generate an extensional flow, in which rheological measurements were obtained for a Newtonian fluid, two aqueous polymer solutions, and two fluid suspensions of rod-shaped particles. The tensile stress was determined by measuring the tensile force of the fluid filament while the kinematics were determined from photographic measurement of the filament profile and the assumption of a flat velocity profile. The measured tensile stresses for the Newtonian fluid matched predicted stresses, thereby confirming the validity of the experimental technique.The spinning behavior of each polymer solution could be correlated as stress versus extension rate. The apparent “spinning viscosity” increased with increasing rate of extension, in contrast to shear-thinning behavior in viscometric flow. For the fluid suspensions, the presence of rod-shaped particles increased the apparent viscosity far more in extensional flow than in shear. Tensile stresses calculated from a theoretical formula for suspensions proposed by Batchelor agreed rather well with experiment. Some general criteria for the interpretation of the spinning experiment are proposed, and some microrheological implications of the present findings are discussed.     

Friction force model and rolling dynamics for a ball on a rough surface with presliding displacement taken into account

A model of sliding and spinning friction forces for a ball in the form of finite relations obtained by integrating the tangential stresses over the contact area whose parameters are determined by Hertz’s theory for the “ball-rough horizontal surface” tribological conjunction pair is supplemented with a model of rolling friction torques. The combined model is peculiar in that the presliding displacement effect in rolling and spinning friction torques is taken into account. It is shown that the ball motions in the presliding displacement zone are of quasilinear character and, under shock perturbations, have the form of damping vibrations in the three orientation angles. The numerical parameters of the rolling and spinning friction model are experimentally determined for the presliding displacement zones, while the sliding friction parameters and partly the spinning friction parameters are calculated. Mathematical modeling permits one to discover new properties of the ball, namely, its deceleration in rolling, the onset of damping vibrations at the beginning and end of motion, and the transient process parameters.     

不同运动条件下足球气动力及流场分析

为了获得足球空气动力学特性,建立了计算模型,并利用Fluent 软件分别计算了无自旋及有自旋条件下的足球绕流场. 仿真结果与已有工作相比较为合理. 在无自旋条件下,通过分析足球表面极限流线发现接缝使得足球表面分离线与圆球明显不同,接缝深刻地影响三维分离情况,而且还会对足球所受升力大小产生影响;在自旋条件下,足球受到的Magnus力随旋转速度变大而变大;同时还发现,足球受到阻力也会随其旋转速度变大而变大. 最后,本文还以一粒定位球罚球为例考察了足球旋转对其运动轨迹的影响.