纳米绿色印刷技术简介

印刷术在人类文明和社会进步中发挥了重要作用。近代以来,在科学技术的推动下,印刷技术发生了深层次、全面系统的技术创新和工艺变革,迈进了崭新的时代。然而,在全球环境污染压力下,传统印刷产业也面临着新的环境压力和挑战。中科院化学所基于纳米材料的创新,提出发展纳米绿色印刷技术,从源头解决印刷产业的污染,并利用纳米印刷技术,推动更多产业的绿色发展。以中科院化学所在纳米印刷开展的工作为出发点,介绍了纳米绿色印刷的研究背景、研究成果以及应用前景。     

微接触印刷技术在ITO基底上快速转移Au纳米粒子图案

采用无氰化学镀金法在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)印章表面镀金, 通过微接触印刷技术将PDMS印章上的Au 纳米粒子(AuNPs)分别转移到氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电膜玻璃, 修饰了(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)的ITO基底(MPTMS/ITO)和表面电镀了铜膜的ITO(Cu/ITO)表面上, 同时形成有序的结构或者图案.通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM), 原子力显微镜(AFM)和显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪等对实验结果进行表征.结果表明, 该转移AuNPs的方法对基底表面特性并无特殊要求, 是一种简单、快速、无污染、低成本的AuNPs转移技术, 而且转移了AuNPs的ITO基底具有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)活性, 有望在SERS中有所应用.     

全印刷碳纳米管薄膜晶体管构建及电性能研究

利用纳米压印和电刷镀技术在PET基体上制作出大面积金源、漏电极阵列。分别采用钛酸钡复合材料为介电层,印刷银电极为顶电极,聚芴-二噻吩基吡咯并吡咯二酮(PF8DPP)分离的半导体碳纳米管为有源层,在柔性基体上构建出全印刷碳纳米管薄膜晶体管器件和反相器。全印刷碳纳米管薄膜晶体管的开关比和迁移率分别达到4×10⁴和6 cm²·V^-1·s^-1,且器件表现出零回滞特性。构建的反相器在V_dd =8 V时,其增益可以达到12。     

防伪印刷技术与化学

随着科技进步与假冒伪劣产品对名优商品的冲击,防伪技术引起印刷与包装行业越来越多的关注,与人们的日常生活也休戚相关。从防伪油墨、防伪纸张与防伪印刷工艺3个角度,对涉及包装和印刷方面的防伪技术及相关化学知识进行了扼要的分析与论述。     

国外印刷电子产业发展概述

近年来印刷电子有了快速发展,许多有关印刷电子的科研成果,已从实验室投入了生产,初步形成了印刷电子产业体系。本文介绍了应用于印刷电子的各类有机、无机材料及工艺装备,特别详细列举了各类印刷电子产品及其应用情况,这些印刷电子产品已开始进入人们日常生活的多个方面。虽然印刷电子产业尚处于发展初级阶段,市场不够成熟,但已显示出十分光明的发展前景。文中还指出政府机构的重视和支持是国外印刷电子产业发展的重要因素。     

微接触印刷技术转移Au纳米粒子及氧化石墨烯复合图案及其性质研究

通过改良的“Hummers方法”制得氧化石墨烯,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）弹性印章的微接触印刷技术,以Au膜和氧化石墨烯溶液为“墨水”,通过二次印章转移,分别将Au纳米粒子和氧化石墨烯（Graphene Oxide,GO）转移至修饰了(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）的ITO基底（APTES/ITO）表面. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等表征图案,结果表明转移的AuNPs和GO组成的复合图案均匀,致密性较好. 利用表面电势显微镜（Surface Potential Microscope,SEPM,KFM）测定了各部分的表面电势,以APTES/ITO基底表面为表面电势零点,各部分表面电势大小为：APTES/ITO > GO > Au（0,-11.6,-44.2 mV）.     

大面积多元化表面等离激元金纳米粒子结构的制备

具有显著表面等离激元共振效应的贵金属纳米粒子因其独特的光电学性质在许多领域表现出了潜在的应用价值。结合纳米压印技术与自组装技术发展了一种高效的多元化纳米粒子结构的制备方法,并制备了一种由不同尺寸金纳米粒子构成的周期性表面等离激元纳米粒子结构。实验结果证明此种方法在大批量制备和结构多元化的控制方面具有独特的优势。利用不同的表面等离激元纳米粒子结构对不同荧光分子增强效果的差异,设计了2种具有明显明暗差异的荧光条码,展示了多重的荧光增强响应。     

核能技术发展的回顾与展望

本文阐述了核能技术的诞生,对其在军事、工业及其他领域的应用进行了系统的评述,展望了核能的未来应用前景。     

我国钢铁工业发展的回顾与展望

1989午我国生产了6158万吨钢,成为世界上第四个钢产量超过6000万吨的国家。1949年建国之初,我国钢产量只有15.8万吨,经过几个五年计划的努力,到70年代末已超过了3000万吨。而最近的十年问,又以平均每年271万吨的速度增长,终于登上了6000万吨的新台阶。与此同时,钢铁工业的技术装备水平已有很大提高,布局更加合理,产品品种日益增多,质量也不断改进。今后钢铁工业要在产量继续增加的同时,把品种、质量放在重要地位,要加强铁矿山建设,充分利用国内、外两种资源,努力提高经济效益,做到持续、稳定、协调地发展。     

金属纳米颗粒导电墨水的制备及其在印刷电子方面的应用

发展下一代柔性、低价和环境友好的印刷电子技术已取得大量的研究进展。印刷电子是基于印刷原理的电子制备技术,主要是将一些液体分散性好的或可溶性材料进行印刷图案化从而实现电子元器件的制备。印刷电子学涉及大量的基础学科问题,包括材料、设备、工艺与应用多方面的共性技术,但其关键技术之一在于制备环保、低成本的新型导电墨水。结合印刷电子基础与应用研究的发展现状,本文主要对金属纳米颗粒的合成及其导电墨水的制备与相关应用的最新研究进展进行了综述和讨论,并对其在传感器、薄膜晶体管(TFT)、太阳能电池及RFID等方面的最新应用进展进行了概述。     

基于印刷电子的透明导电薄膜研究进展

透明导电薄膜是一种在可见光范围内透光率较高、导电性优良的薄膜材料.近年来随着智能手机、平板电脑等电子产品日益普及,透明导电薄膜受到越来越多的关注.本文分析了目前占据市场统治地位的掺锡氧化铟透明导电薄膜的缺点以及近年来国内外对透明导电薄膜开展的研究工作,总结了目前在印刷电子领域透明导电薄膜的主要研究方向,一方面是在传统金属氧化物薄膜基础上的改进;另一方面是寻找新型透明导电薄膜材料,并分别综述了各个研究方向的最新进展.     

Direct Toner Printing: A Versatile Technology for Easy Fabrication of Flexible Miniaturized Electrodes

We reported here three simple, low cost and easy to accomplish strategies for the fabrication of microelectrodes and other conductive patterns using ordinary office laser‐printers. In this work, toner patterns were directly printed onto the flexible substrate, acting as a mask to create the intended conductive design. To highlight the versatility of such technology, toner‐printed patterns were employed in two diverse ways: one in which the patterned toner had the exact design of the electrode and other employing a reverse toner‐printed pattern. The first one was used for the adaptation of the well‐known printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication technique, but using direct toner printing (DTP) in an already conductive flexible substrate. The second was employed for the two remaining strategies: one based on the deposition of conductive film, followed by lift‐off process; and another based on drop‐casting of a conductive ink into the formed toner cavities, followed by thermal cure. As proof‐of‐concept, all three DTP strategies were used for the fabrication of miniaturized gold electrodes in polyimide substrate, and electrochemical performance of each obtained electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Insights about DTP technology, alignment issues, advantages, limitations and resolution of each presented approach were provided. Finally, direct toner printing showed to be a simple, affordable and quite promising technology for the fabrication of low cost point‐of‐care electrochemical devices using flexible platforms.     

Non-Lithography Hydrodynamic Printing of Micro/Nanostructures on Curved Surfaces

A key issue of micro/nano devices is how to integrate micro/nanostructures with specified chemical components onto various curved surfaces. Hydrodynamic printing of micro/nanostructures on three-dimensional curved surfaces is achieved with a strategy that combines template-induced hydrodynamic printing and self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs). Non-lithography flexible wall-shaped templates are replicated with microscale features by dicing a trench-shaped silicon wafer. Arising from the capillary pumped function between the template and curved substrates, NPs in the colloidal suspension self-assemble into close-packed micro/nanostructures without a gravity effect. Theoretical analysis with the lattice Boltzmann model reveals the fundamental principles of the hydrodynamic assembly process. Spiral linear structures achieved by two kinds of fluorescent NPs show non-interfering photoluminescence properties, while the waveguide and photoluminescence are confirmed in 3D curved space. The printed multiconstituent micro/nanostructures with single-NP resolution may serve as a general platform for optoelectronics beyond flat surfaces.     

Non‐Lithography Hydrodynamic Printing of Micro/Nanostructures on Curved Surfaces

A key issue of micro/nano devices is how to integrate micro/nanostructures with specified chemical components onto various curved surfaces. Hydrodynamic printing of micro/nanostructures on three‐dimensional curved surfaces is achieved with a strategy that combines template‐induced hydrodynamic printing and self‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs). Non‐lithography flexible wall‐shaped templates are replicated with microscale features by dicing a trench‐shaped silicon wafer. Arising from the capillary pumped function between the template and curved substrates, NPs in the colloidal suspension self‐assemble into close‐packed micro/nanostructures without a gravity effect. Theoretical analysis with the lattice Boltzmann model reveals the fundamental principles of the hydrodynamic assembly process. Spiral linear structures achieved by two kinds of fluorescent NPs show non‐interfering photoluminescence properties, while the waveguide and photoluminescence are confirmed in 3D curved space. The printed multiconstituent micro/nanostructures with single‐NP resolution may serve as a general platform for optoelectronics beyond flat surfaces.     

基于高光谱成像的光敏印油种类区分实验

印油种类区分是法庭科学文件检验领域的重要一环,为研究无损高效区分光敏印油种类的方法。以33种不同品牌光敏印油的原始光谱数据当作对照组,对原始数据进行t-SNE降维和UMAP降维后,选择XGBoost、SVM和MLP三种分类算法,以1比4的比例确定测试集和训练集,对原始数据和降维后的数据进行分类,同时使用网格搜索和五倍交叉验证来优化模型的性能和泛化能力。结果表明,上述三种分类算法对降维后光谱数据区分的平均准确率高于对原始光谱数据区分的平均准确率,且UMAP-MLP分类模型的区分准确率最高,可达到98%。提出的分类模型可用于光敏印油种类的快速区分。     

W/O型乳胶粒子表面电性的近代测试技术

采取近代表面电学测试技术对乳胶粒子表面电性进行微观测量，取得了一系列反映胶粒表面双电层结构的特征参量，证明表面扩散双电层的存在。为完善W／O型乳胶体系的稳定性理论提供了一定实验依据。     

Emergent Soft Lithographic Tools for the Fabrication of Functional Polymeric Microstructures

Polymeric microstructures (PMs) are useful to a broad range of technologies applicable to, for example, sensing, energy storage, and soft robotics. Due to the diverse application space of PMs, many techniques (e. g., photolithography, 3D printing, micromilling, etc.) have been developed to fabricate these structures. Stemming from their generality and unique capabilities, the tools encompassed by soft lithography (e. g., replica molding, microcontact printing, etc.), which use soft elastomeric materials as masters in the fabrication of PMs, are particularly relevant. By taking advantage of the characteristics of elastomeric masters, particularly their mechanical and chemical properties, soft lithography has enabled the use of non-planar substrates and relatively inexpensive equipment in the generation of many types of PMs, redefining existing communities and creating new ones. Traditionally, these elastomeric masters have been produced from relief patterns fabricated using photolithography; however, recent efforts have led to the emergence of new methods that make use of masters that are self-forming, dynamic in their geometric and chemical properties, 3D in architecture, and/or sacrificial (i. e., easily removed/released using phase changes). These “next generation” soft lithographic masters include self-assembled liquid droplets, microscale balloons, templates derived from natural materials, and hierarchically microstructured surfaces. The new methods of fabrication supported by these unique masters enable access to numerous varieties of PMs (e. g., those with hierarchical microstructures, overhanging features, and 3D architectures) that would not be possible following established methods of soft lithography. This review explores these emergent soft lithographic methods, addressing their operational principles and the application space they can impact.     

Influence of fused deposition modeling parameters on the mechanical properties of ABS parts

This work aims to determine the influence of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing parameters on the mechanical properties of parts fabricated on an Ultimaker2 printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The effect of several parameters such as interlayer cooling time (ILCT), nozzle diameter, infill density, raster angle and layer thickness on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus of produced parts was evaluated. Two independent studies were conducted: a first study dedicated to the ILCT and a second study where the influence of other parameters was evaluated through a design of experiments (DoE) approach. Both studies were carried out through the execution of standard tensile tests. The statistical analysis of tensile tests results was processed with the ANOVA methodology. The obtained results indicate that a reduced ILCT improves the tensile strength of parts. It is shown that nozzle diameter and infill density are the parameters that most influence the mechanical properties of ABS, with the upper range selected values improving the studied mechanical properties. The raster angle configuration of (?45^o/45^o) benefits UTS and yield strength of ABS samples. Interactions of nozzle diameter on layer thickness were detected. It was observed that smaller layer thickness promotes a higher elastic modulus and UTS; however, for thinner layers (0.06‐0.10 mm), no significant differences were found on strength of samples due to potential high distortion levels.