纳米压痕和划痕法对含氧化铈薄膜机械性能的测定

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体上制备了CeO2-TiO2单层膜、TiO2-SiO2单层膜和CeO2-TiO2/TiO2-SiO2双层膜,采用纳米压痕和划痕法对薄膜的机械性能(纳米硬度、弹性模量、临界载荷、摩擦系数)进行了分析.实验结果表明,双层膜与玻璃基体的附着力以及弹性模量、硬度等指标均大于单层膜,由TiO2-SiO2组成的内层,对强化附着力起到了关键作用.     

PET表面锐钛矿-板钛矿相TiO2薄膜的制备及表征

利用改进的溶胶-凝胶法在经表面改性的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)表面制备得到TiO2薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、UV-Vis 透光率曲线、接触角测试仪等测试手段对TiO2样品的性能进行表征.结果表明, PET表面过渡层的引入有效地改善了有机基底与无机薄膜之间的界面相容性, 在其表面形成透明、均一、附着力良好且具有光催化活性的TiO2薄膜.通过控制实验过程, 在低温下成功制备了不同锐钛矿/板钛矿比的TiO2薄膜,同时发现适量板钛矿相的存在能有效提高薄膜的光致亲水性.     

大功率激光制备a-C和a-C∶H类金刚石膜的光学性能研究

采用大功率高重复频率准分子激光溅射热解石墨靶制备了类金刚石碳膜,研究了实验条件对类金刚石膜光学性能的影响,发现氢可以提高膜中sp3键的含量和膜的光学透过率.在实验参数范围内,膜的光学性能随着氢压的增加而提高.根据类金刚石膜的反应沉积机理对上述结果进行了分析、解释.     

大功率激光制备a-C和a-C∶H类金刚石膜的光学性能研究

采用大功率高重复频率准分子激光溅射热解石墨靶制备了类金刚石碳膜, 研究了实验条件对类金刚石膜光学性能的影响, 发现氢可以提高膜中sp3键的含量和膜的光学透过率. 在实验参数范围内, 膜的光学性能随着氢压的增加而提高. 根据类金刚石膜的反应沉积机理对上述结果进行了分析、解释.     

ZnO纳米晶自组装微米球热控涂层制备与表征——介绍一个材料化学综合实验

基于科教融合理念,将科研项目"ZnO基热控涂层的制备"转化为本科生实验,以有机胺辅助水热法制备的纳米ZnO为颜料,通过刮涂法获得热控涂层.实验具有航天国防背景特色,涉及化学、材料和能源等多学科交叉融合,具备新颖性、实用性及可操作性的特点.学生从颜料粉体合成、表征技术、涂层制备和光学性能测试全操作流程中接受基本科研训练,有利于培养学生实验操作技能、科研探索及创新能力,加深基础理论知识理解,增强家国情怀和激发科研兴趣.     

新型显示偏光片光学膜的加工-结构-性能关系

偏光片是薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(TFT-LCD)和有机发光二极管显示(OLED)中最重要的组成部分之一,是一种是由偏光膜、支撑膜、相位差膜等光学膜组合成的多层高分子复合膜.每个组成膜所用材料不同,在偏光片中也发挥不同的作用.随着新型显示的发展,偏振片的产业规模和需求呈井喷之势.然而,目前国内偏光片主要依赖进口,其原因是对偏光片中的各层高分子薄膜加工机制并不明晰,基础研究较为薄弱.本文介绍了本课题组在聚乙烯醇(PVA)偏光膜、三醋酸纤维素(CTA)相位差膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)支撑膜的相关研究进展.通过高时间分辨同步辐射X射线散射与多种原位拉伸装置联用的实验手段,模拟真实复杂的工业生产环境,在线采集偏光片三张光学膜的结构演化规律,并建立其与光学等性能的关系,为光学膜高端制造提供基础原理指导.最后,我们展望了新型显示偏光片光学膜今后的发展方向.     

纳米锌/对氨基苯磺酸/环氧丙烯酸酯涂层的阻燃性能研究

为探讨纳米锌与对氨基苯磺酸对环氧丙烯酸酯(EA)涂层的阻燃效果,以乙酸锌和苜蓿粉为原料,利用植物还原法制备了纳米锌,将其与对氨基苯磺酸及EA配合,经紫外光固化制备纳米锌/对氨基苯磺酸/EA阻燃涂层。通过透射电镜、X-射线衍射仪、红外、紫外、差示扫描量热仪及力学分析仪对其纳米锌及上述阻燃涂层的结构、阻燃、透光率、热稳定性及硬度等性能进行测定。结果表明:合成的纳米锌的径粒为3. 8±0. 8 nm,其特征衍射峰与单质锌晶体的相吻合;当纳米锌添加量为1. 0 g时,纳米锌/对氨基苯磺酸/EA涂层阻燃性能最佳,涂层残炭率达19. 47%,极限氧指数达31。所有涂层硬度均大于5 H,涂层热稳定性随纳米锌添加量的增加而增加。涂层热降解分析表明纳米锌和对氨基苯磺酸能有效提高涂层阻燃和热稳定性。本实验为阻燃EA涂层提供了一种有效的阻燃改性方法。     

3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对聚氨酯/Al-Sm_2O_3复合涂层自然老化性能的影响

通过硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)改性聚氨酯(PU)/Al-Sm_2O_3复合涂层,从功能特性和力学性能角度系统研究了改性前后涂层自然老化性能的变化规律。结果表明,改性后PU/Al-Sm_2O_3复合涂层的红外发射率对自然老化的稳定性得到明显增强,在同等条件下改性后的涂层发射率要明显低于未改性的涂层发射率。改性后涂层表面的Sm_2O_3颗粒分散更加均匀,对近红外光的吸收强度有所增强,从而使改性后涂层对1.06μm近红外光的反射率要明显低于未改性涂层。改性前后涂层的硬度对自然老化具有良好的稳定性,其硬度可保持在3 H;未改性涂层的附着力和耐冲击强度受自然老化影响明显,但改性后涂层的附着力和耐冲击强度得到明显加强,经自然老化4个月后仍然可保持在1级和50 kg·cm。     

用于UV固化的水性超支化聚酯合成及膜性能

以三羟甲基丙烷、2,2-双(羟甲基)丙酸、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、三乙醇胺作为原料合成了三种可UV固化的超支化聚合物，分别命名为UVHBP33、UVHBP42、UVHBP51，并对80%～90%固含量的UVHBP的粘度及水溶性进行了表征，粘度范围为4592～9973 cps^-1，室温和加热下具有较为良好的水溶性，可以保证涂料施工性。后续以三种UVHBP作为成膜物质，在马口铁板上进行UV固化，并对固化膜进行了性能表征。结果表明随着交联密度的提升，UVHBP51经UV固化后具有最优的涂层使用性能，硬度H级、涂层附着力5B级。热重实验表明UVHBP51优于UVHBP33和UVHBP42。     

卡拉胶包覆APP微球阻燃水性环氧树脂

以氯化钡提纯k-卡拉胶, 经过氧化氢降解, 通过反相乳液聚合的方式制备了一系列卡拉胶包覆聚磷酸铵(APP)阻燃微球(k-CM/APP); 将其加入到水性环氧树脂(EP)中, 制备了3种钢结构防火涂层EP2, EP3和EP4. 利用红外光谱(IR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及元素分析(EDS)对k-CM/APP的结构及形貌进行了表征. 利用极限氧指数(LOI)、 垂直燃烧(UL-94)、 背温测试法、 热重分析(TG)、 锥形量热(CONE)、 附着力测试、 IR和SEM等方法分析了涂层的阻燃、 隔热及力学性能. 结果表明, k-CM/APP(3/1)球形结构完整, 800 ℃时的残炭量高达59.5%. 与其它阻燃涂层体系相比, 添加了k-CM/APP(3/1)的EP3防火涂层的极限氧指数达到28.5%, UL-94达到了V-0级, 60 min防火涂层耐火温度为253 ℃. 相比于纯EP涂层, EP3涂层的热释放速率峰值降低了58.26%, 总热释放量降低了20.84%, 附着力达到8.74 MPa.     

UV Curable Hard Transparent Hybrid Coating Materials on Polycarbonate Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method

UV curable, hard, transparent inorganic/organic composites with covalent links between the inorganic and the organic networks were prepared by the sol-gel method. These hybrid coating materials were synthesized using a commercially available, acrylate end-capped polyester or polyurethane oligomeric resin (EBC80, EBC284), hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) as a reactive solvent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxymethacrylate (TMSPM) as a coupling agent between the organic and inorganic phase, and a metal alkoxide, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The materials were applied on primer or oxygen plasma pretreated polycarbonate sheets and UV cured, followed by a thermal treatment to give a transparent coating with a good adhesion and abrasion resistance. The high transmission and the thermogravimetric behavior indicate the presence of a nanoscale hybrid composite, as is confirmed by SAXS and TEM measurements. In a Taber Abrasion Test, uncoated polycarbonate sheets exhibit a 48% decrease in light transmittance at 600 nm after 300 wear cycles, whereas the EBC80 hybrid coating system containing 9 wt% SiO₂ (EBC80/25Si) shows only 28% decrease in light transmittance. A maximal improvement of the abrasion resistance is achieved when 23 wt% SiO₂ is incorporated (EBC80/60Si, EBC284/60Si) with only 20% decrease in light transmittance. The abrasion resistance of glass is not yet encountered. For optimal results, it is essential that the rate of condensation of the silanol groups is sufficiently high to form a dense three-dimensional network.     

Coating of Methyltriethoxysilane—Modified Colloidal Silica on Polymer Substrates for Abrasion Resistance

Organic-inorganic hybrid composites were prepared by the sol-gel method for the hard coating agent of transparent plastic, and their abrasion resistance, optical and surface characteristics were evaluated. Methyltriethoxy-silane (MTES) and colloidal silica were used as starting materials. The addition of MTES to colloidal silica enabled the formation of dense thin films with very smooth surface on the substrates. The thin films were strongly adhered to the substrates without primer treatment. The abrasion resistance increased with the increase in the ratio of MTES to the colloidal silica. Optimal amount of MTES for the hard coating agent was 100 wt% to the colloidal silica. The addition of curing catalyst, tetramethylammonium formate was found to be very effective to enhance the adhesion strength of coating agent to the substrates and reduced curing time.     

EB/UV treatment of protective coatings for porous materials

A method for improving surface properties of porous inorganic materials is presented. The method is particularly tailored to cement-based materials in order to obtain properties suitable for mechanical applications such as dies manufacturing, where hardness, abrasion resistance and low friction are requested. The coating system is based upon using two coatings of different characteristics. The underlying base coating layer is infiltrated in air on three different formulations of hardened cement composite. Two different bi-component resins, one relatively soft and the other relatively hard, were tested as underlying surface coating. The outer surface coating, based upon a bi-component resin characterized by high hardness, is added after hardening and curing of the first layer. Both coatings were chemically hardened and then cured with EB. UV curing is also suitable for the outer surface coating. An experimental campaign was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of radiation processing as curing treatment with reference to particular investigated materials. Hardness and resistance to peeling of coating systems have been measured and are presented.     

Thermal and neutron shielding properties of 10B containing UV cured hybrid coatings

¹⁰B containing organic–inorganic hybrid coating material based on a UV-curable formulation was prepared via anhydrous sol–gel technique. UV curable coatings were applied on Plexiglas (PMMA) substrates. The molecular structure of the coating material was analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy technique. The characterization of the UV-curable coating was evaluated by various techniques such as gel content, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, pencil hardness, pendulum hardness, MEK rubbing test, contact angle, cross-cut test, gloss, transmittance test, neutron absorption, Limiting Oxygen Index and stress–strain tests. Hybrid coatings showed a significant enhancement in radiation shielding properties. The thermal behavior of coatings was also evaluated. It is observed that the thermal stability of coatings mainly depends on their boron and silicate contents. Results of all analysis conducted on hybrid films, and coatings were discussed.     

The maleimide modified epoxy resins for the preparation of UV‐curable hybrid coatings

In the present study, maleimide‐modified epoxide resin containing UV‐curable hybrid coating materials were prepared and coated on polycarbonate substrates in order to improve their surface properties. UV‐curable, bismaleimide‐modified aliphatic epoxy resin was prepared from N‐(p‐carboxyphenyl) maleimide (p‐CPMI) and cycloaliphatic epoxy (Cyracure‐6107) resin. The structure of the bismaleimide modified aliphatic epoxy resin was analyzed by FTIR and the characteristic absorption band for maleimide ring was clearly observed at 3100 cm^?1. Silica sol was prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) by sol–gel method. The coating formulations with different compositions were prepared from UV‐curable bismaleimide‐based epoxy oligomer and sol–gel mixture. The molecular structure of the hybrid coating material was analyzed by ²⁹Si‐CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy techniques. In the ²⁹Si CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the hybrid coating, mainly two kinds of signals were observed at ?68 and ?110 ppm that correspond to T³ and Q⁴ peaks, respectively. This result shows that a fully condensed structure was obtained. The thermal and morphological properties of these coatings materials were investigated by using TGA and SEM techniques. Hardness and abrasion resistance properties of coating materials were examined and both were found to increase with sol–gel precursor content of the coating. The photopolymerization kinetics was investigated by using RT‐IR. 70% conversion was attained with the addition of 15 wt% of BMI resin into the acrylate‐based coating formulation. It was found that the UV‐curable organic–inorganic hybrid coatings improved the surface properties of polycarbonate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inorganic-Organic Polymers as Migration Barriers Against Liquid and Volatile Compounds

In addition to the barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen, inorganic-organic polymers can also function as protection layers against unwanted migration of chemical substances in two ways. First, hybrid polymers prevent components from migrating out of polymer substrates. This is of special interest for polymeric materials containing substances like plasticizing agents, unreacted monomers or catalysts. Thus the olfactory nuisance and the toxicological emission are decreased. The plastics are also prevented from becoming prematurely brittle. Second, the coated materials are also protected against the interaction of dyes or dirt staining the material.These functions can be achieved by thermally or UV curable coating materials, synthesized by the sol-gel technique. Since several polymer materials show only a low heat resistance (e.g. PVC, polyolefines), this publication is focussed on the development of new migration barriers based on photochemically curable sols.Another advantage of the UV process in comparison to thermal treatments are the short curing times and low power consumption which make this process even more attractive for industrial applications. The coatings were characterized by IR and solid state NMR spectroscopy. The migration barrier properties were tested according to industrial standards.Due to the choice of specific functional groups, these hybrid polymers can be further modified in order to combine the migration barrier function with additional properties: scratch and abrasion resistance, hydrophobicity, antistatic effects. Examples of feasible combinations of properties are also given.     

Abrasion resistant inorganic/organic coating materials prepared by the sol-gel method

Novel abrasion resistant coating materials prepared by the sol-gel method have been developed and applied on the polymeric substrates bisphenol-A polycarbonate and diallyl diglycol carbonate resin (CR-39). These coatings are inorganic/organic hybrid network materials synthesized from 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized organics and metal alkoxide. The organic components are 3,3-iminobispropylamine (IMPA), resorcinol (RSOL), diethylenetriamine (DETA), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), glycerol and a series of diols. The metal alkoxides are tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). These materials are spin coated onto bisphenol-A polycarbonate and CR-39 sheets and thermally cured to obtain a transparent coating of a few microns in thickness. Following the curing, the abrasion resistance is measured and compared with an uncoated control. It was found that the abrasion resistance of inorganic/organic hybrid coatings in the neat form or containing metal alkoxide can be very effective to improve the abrasion resistance of polymeric substrates. The adhesion tests show that the adhesion between coating and substrate can be greatly improved by treating the polymeric substrate surface with a primer solution of isopropanol containing 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APS). The interaction between 3-APS and the polycarbonate surface was investigated by a molecular dynamics simulation. The results strongly suggest that the hydrogen bonding between the amino group of the 3-APS and ester group in the polycarbonate backbone are sufficiently strong to influence the orientation of the primer molecules. The abrasion resistance of these new coating systems is discussed in light of the structure of the organic components. All of these results show that these coating materials have excellent abrasion resistance and have potential applications as coating materials for lenses and other polymeric products.     

Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabric with 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid and TEOS/GPTMS

The sol-gel process is an excellent technology for coating various materials thus imparting new properties to the treated samples. 100% cotton fabric were treated in two steps with formulations containing BTCA (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid) and SHP (sodium hypophosphite) as catalyst and TEOS (tetraethoxysilane)/GPTMS (glycidylpropyloxytrimethoxysilane)-based solutions with different amounts of GPTMS. The samples were investigated by means of FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy, ²⁹Si-CP-MAS-NMR, XRD and HPLC. The textile physical properties were evaluated by means of DCRA (dry crease recovery angle), and the abrasion resistance was tested with a Martindale tester. The findings make evident that the DCRA values could be moderately improved applying a two step procedure (BTCA treatment, sol-gel treatment), while the abrasion resistance was significantly increased.     

紫外光固化耐磨涂料的进展

综述了紫外光固化耐磨涂料的进展情况 ,着重介绍了溶胶 -凝胶法制备紫外光固化耐磨杂化涂料的研究进展。     

Electron beam curable branched chain polyurethane acrylates for magnetic media coatings

Electron beam curable binder resins have been studied to realize the high quality magnetic coatings. It was supposed that resibs with a higher crosslink density could lead to magnetic coatings with higher abrasion resistance. Branched chain polyurethane acrylates show a higher degree of cure by irradiation with an electron beam in comparison with linear polyurethane acrylates.This paper describes the potential wear resistance between properties of magnetic coatings and the physical properties of the cured unpigmented branched chain polyurethane acrylates that were used as the binder resins.