金属离子对彩色成像过程的影响

通过测量和计算彩色单层片中成色剂的照相活性、偶合效率以及漂白前银密度等参数,研究了在分散四当量成色剂青(Ⅰ)时掺入金属离子Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺对彩色青单层片的成像过程中各个化学反应的影响。本实验的结果表明,成色剂中加入的金属离子Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺对成像过程的初始反应中的Ag影像形成产生不利的影响,但它们能促进偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)与显影剂氧化产物作用所生成的隐色体转变成染料的速率。Mg²⁺和Zn²⁺的加入主要是对偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)的偶合效率产生不利的影响。上述原因的综合影响,最终降低了彩色单层片的感光度。     

基于金属配位键的自修复、可重塑聚丁二烯橡胶的合成及性能

橡胶材料通常因经过硫化及补强等工艺处理而呈现出热固性,因而难以被回收处理,容易造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染.本文通过在聚丁二烯上修饰羧酸基团,再加入锌离子(Zn2+)与羧酸配位,制备了基于金属配位键交联的自修复橡胶(PB-COOH/Zn2+).该橡胶具有良好的机械性能和优秀的自修复及重塑性能,在70℃下修复3 h,其韧性可以恢复到初始强度,修复效率可达100%. PB-COOH/Zn2+较高的聚合物链段运动能力及配位键交联网络良好的动态性不仅赋予其优异的修复性能,还使得其在较温和的条件下可以进行多次重塑,在70℃及5 MPa的条件下重塑3次仍能保持原有的机械性能.此外,通过在PB-COOH/Zn2+中掺杂适量的碳纳米管,不仅增强了其机械性能,还使其具备了电致修复及传感能力,扩宽了PB-COOH/Zn2+作为环境友好型材料的应用前景.     

含蒽双三联吡啶化合物的合成及其对金属离子的荧光识别性能

以蒽,醋酸,溴化氢,1,3,5-三聚甲醛,N,N,N-三甲基-1-十四烷基溴化铵,双(2-吡啶基甲基)胺,三乙胺等为原料,合成了含蒽的双三联吡啶化合物,其结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR和HR-MS表征。目标产物中含有双三联吡啶结构,可以与金属离子之间具有较强的螯合作用,从而改变原来目标化合物的光学性质,尤其是其荧光性能。实验结果表明：体系中随着Zn²⁺、Ag⁺和Mn²⁺浓度不断增大,含蒽双三联化合物荧光强度不断增强;Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Hg²⁺、Pb²⁺、Na⁺、Fe³⁺、Ni²⁺均随着浓度的增大,含蒽双三联化合物荧光强度不断减弱。在此基础上,运用荧光光谱法能高灵敏度的检测痕量金属离子。      

电解液对水系可充电池MnO2正极电化学性能的影响

研究了水系电解液中Li⁺、Zn²⁺和Mn²⁺阳离子对具有不同晶型结构和形貌的MnO₂正极电化学性能的影响,探讨其储能机理。结果表明,在不含Mn(II)离子的水溶液中,MnO₂电极所表现的电化学性能趋同,容量低,衰减快。含有Zn²⁺离子的水溶液中,MnO₂电极因二价锌离子的嵌入-脱出,容量明显提升,但衰减严重。当溶液中同时含有Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺离子时,基于Mn²⁺和Zn²⁺离子之间的协同作用和Mn²⁺离子氧化/还原反应过程的作用,有效抑制MnO₂颗粒的聚集和结构塌陷,削弱碱式硫酸锌杂质不利的影响,保持了锌离子在MnO₂电极中嵌入-脱出的高容量特性(200 mAh·g^-1,电流密度：100 mA·g^-1),及良好的循环稳定性。     

Effect of Nonmagnetic Impurity Doped on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Quasi-one-dimensional Antiferromagnet LiCuVO4

Zn²⁺ ions doped quasi-one-dimensional spin-chain materials LiCu_1-xZn_xVO₄(x=0, 0.1, 0.2) were prepared by solid-state reaction and the effect of nonmagnetic Zn²⁺ ions on the crystal structure, valence state and magnetic properties of them were studied by X^-ray diffraction(XRD), X^-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and dc magnetization. The elongation of a and b axes and the shrinkage of c axis indicate a reduced effect of the Jahn-Teller distortion after Zn²⁺ ions doping, while the valence state of transition metal ions in LiCu_1-xZn_xVO₄ remains unchanged since the equivalence doping of Zn²⁺ ions on the Cu²⁺ sites. The corrected Bonner-Fisher equation fitting to the susceptibility indicates that isolated dimers and spins are created along with the departure from infinite spin chains to finite ones.     

ZnSO_4和La_2O_3作共修饰剂单金属Ru催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

用沉淀法制备了单金属纳米Ru(0)催化剂,考察了ZnSO4和La2O3作共修饰剂对该催化剂催化苯选择加氢制环己烯性能的影响,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、透射电镜(TEM)和N2物理吸附等手段对加氢前后催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在ZnSO4存在下,随着添加碱性La2O3量的增加,ZnSO4水解生成的(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1,3)盐量增加,催化剂活性单调降低,环己烯选择性单调升高.当La2O3/Ru物质的量比为0.075时,Ru催化剂上苯转化率为77.6%,环己烯选择性和收率分别为75.2%和58.4%.且该催化体系具有良好的重复使用性能.传质计算结果表明,苯、环己烯和氢气的液-固扩散限制和孔内扩散限制都可忽略.因此,高环己烯选择性和收率的获得不能简单归结为物理效应,而与催化剂的结构和催化体系密切相关.根据实验结果,我们推测在化学吸附有(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1,3)盐的Ru(0)催化剂有两种活化苯的活性位:Ru0和Zn2+.因为Zn2+将部分电子转移给了Ru,Zn2+活化苯的能力比Ru0弱.同时由于Ru和Zn2+的原子半径接近,Zn2+可以覆盖一部分Ru0活性位,导致解离H2的Ru0活性位减少.这导致了Zn2+上活化的苯只能加氢生成环己烯和Ru(0)催化剂活性的降低.本文利用双活性位模型来解释Ru基催化剂上的苯加氢反应,并用Hückel分子轨道理论说明了该模型的合理性.     

基于四唑功能位点的Tb~(3+)配位聚合物的构筑及其金属离子荧光检测性能

镧系金属配位聚合物因其独特的组成、结构和性质被广泛应用于荧光识别检测性质研究,但其功能导向构筑依然具有挑战性。本文基于双功能基团配体构筑策略构筑了一例Tb~(3+)配位聚合物[Tb(TZI)(DMF)_2(H_2O)]·(H_2O)(1)((H_3TZI=5-(1-氢-5-四唑基)间苯二甲酸,DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)),在对其进行详细结构表征的基础上研究了其金属离子识别检测性质。结果表明,基于羧酸和四唑基团与Tb~(3+)离子配位能力的不同,在确保Tb~(3+)配位聚合物成功构筑的同时可将四唑作为识别位点引入配位聚合物框架,使得配合物1可展现出基于金属离子与四唑功能位点配位导致的荧光增强,可实现对Zn~(2+)和Na~+离子的识别检测。本文所报道的结果可为镧系金属配位聚合物的荧光识别检测性质导向构筑提供有价值的参考。     

A Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cu2+

A new Zn²⁺ probe L2-Zn(L2=naphthofuran carbonylhydrazone derivant) was synthesized as a fluorescence chemosensor for Cu²⁺, by which Cu²⁺ ion could be detected with high selectivity and sensitivity in a wide pH range via a displacement “turn-off” signaling strategy. Whereas the coordination between Zn²⁺ and L2 resulted in a considerable enhancement of typical luminescence of a naphthalofuran group in complex L2-Zn, the addition of Cu²⁺ ion led to a dramatic decrease in the emission intensity of probe L2-Zn at about 503 nm(excitation at 423 nm). The competitive fluorescent experiments showed that other metal ions, such as Hg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Mg²⁺ could not impact the detection of Cu²⁺. The detection limit of the novel probe L2-Zn for Cu²⁺ ion was as low as 2.3×10^-7 mol/L, which is far lower than the guideline value of 1.6×10^-5 mol/L of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.     

Transport and separation of Ag(+) and Zn(2+) by donnan dialysis through a monovalent cation selective membrane

Donnan Dialysis of Ag⁺ and Zn²⁺ was investigated through a cation exchange membrane (CMS Neosepta) when a proton concentration difference was maintained between the two sides of the membrane. Developed for the production of brine from sea water, CMS Neosepta showed a higher permeability to monovalent than to bivalent cations. Several physico-chemical parameters have been determined (electrical resistance, membrane potential, sorption of electrolytes, Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ diffusion coefficients). The flux of Ag⁺ and the diffusion potential in the membrane increase with HNO₃ concentrations. Ag⁺ and Zn²⁺ can be separated because of the preferential membrane transfer for Ag⁺.     

一种香豆素类锌离子荧光探针的合成及性能

通过Pechmann法使间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯发生脱水缩合反应,合成了4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素,再与六次甲基四胺反应,生成7-羟基-4-甲基-8-甲酰基香豆素,最终与吲哚酰肼发生席夫碱反应合成一种香豆素类荧光探针L。通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、质谱(MS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、荧光发射光谱仪和紫外可见分光光度计等技术手段研究该探针L的结构及其荧光性能。结果表明,探针L与Zn~(2+)的配合比为1∶1,对Zn~(2+)的检测限达到3.6×10~(-8)mol/L,降低了对Zn~(2+)的检测浓度,同时探针L对锌离子具有高选择性,可应用于在生物体内Zn~(2+)的检测。     

Pb2+和Zn2+对亲水型光敏热成像材料感光性能和存储稳定性能的影响

分别研究了Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺对以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘合剂的亲水型光敏热成像(PTG)材料的感光性能以及老化稳定性能的影响.实验结果表明,涂布液中加入Pb²⁺或Zn²⁺后,PTG材料的热显影灰雾和相对感光度均明显降低,并且随着离子加入量的增加,下降程度更加显著.另外,含有Pb²⁺或Zn²⁺的PTG材料在经过不同时间的老化后,与未老化PTG材料相比,其热显影灰雾缓慢增加,相对感光度也略有上升.     

Zn2+ release from zinc and zinc oxide particles in simulated uterine solution

Zn²⁺ release from Zn and ZnO particles with different sizes in simulated uterine solution were investigated by absorbance measurements. The effects of pH and human serum albumin (HSA) on Zn²⁺ release were also studied. The morphology of Zn and ZnO particles was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the corrosion products of zinc nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD. The results indicate that the maximum release ratios of Zn²⁺ from Zn and ZnO nanoparticles are higher than those from Zn and ZnO microparticles. Zn²⁺ release ratio depends not only on the pH of the simulated uterine solution but also the presence of human serum albumin. It decreases as the pH of the uterine solution increases. The trends of Zn²⁺ release ratios are almost the opposite for solutions with and without HSA. XRD analysis results indicate that zinc oxide is the main corrosion product of zinc particles.     

CO2加H2合成甲醇Cu－Zn－O催化剂表面化学态研究

应用XRD、ESR、URDS、XPS及XAES等手段研究了CO₂加H₂合成甲醇Cu-Zn-O催化剂在还原后和反应状态下的表面化学状态,结果表明,在还原及反应状态下,催化剂表面仅能检测到Cu⁰,而未发现稳定的Cu²⁺和Cu⁺存在;ZnO被部分还原产生低价锌Zn^2-δ(0<δ<2).关联活性测试结果认为,Cu⁰/Zn^(2-δ)+O构成CO₂加H₂合成甲醇反应的活性中心。     

Effect of Zn2+ Ions on Upconversion Emission of Er3+ in Zn/Er:LiNbO3 Crystal

The effect of Zn2+ ions codoped on the upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Er:LiNbO3 crystal under different excitation wavelength was reported.The upconversion emission spectra of Zn/Er:LiNbO3 follo...     

基于水杨醛席夫碱锌配合物交联稳定化荧光聚合物胶束的合成及其对铜离子的荧光响应性

以S-十二烷基-S'-(α,α'-二甲基-α″-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(DMAT)为链转移剂、2-羟基-5-乙烯基苯甲醛(HVB)为单体,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合法(RAFT)合成结构明确、数均相对分子质量可控的水杨醛聚合物(PHVB)。将PHVB直接地与单端胺基功能化聚乙二醇(m PEG-NH2)按n(—NH2group)/n(—CHO group)=0.50投料进行醛-胺缩合反应,获得接枝率为50%的两亲性接枝水杨醛席夫碱聚合物PHVB-graft-PEG。采用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对合成的聚合物的数均相对分子质量和结构进行了确证。将PHVB-graft-PEG直接地分散于无水乙醇中,自组装形成以聚乙烯水杨醛席夫碱为核、聚乙二醇为壳的胶束,然后以所得胶束为微反应器,与Zn(OAc)2进行配位反应得到外壳为可溶性链段PEG,内核为发光水杨醛席夫碱锌配合物的PHVB-graft-PEG/Zn~(2+)交联稳定化胶束。通过紫外-可见分光光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光发射光谱(FLL)、动态光散射(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分别对胶束的交联稳定化过程进行了表征。研究结果表明,经交联稳定化后,PHVB-graft-PEG/Zn~(2+)胶束在干燥后仍可在水和常见有机溶剂中再分散形成粒径大小约为100 nm、在约460 nm处发射出蓝光荧光的纳米粒子,并且可作为荧光传感器,在水溶液中对Cu~(2+)离子进行选择性识别,其荧光淬灭率与Cu~(2+)离子浓度(0~50μmol/L范围内)呈线性关系,最低检测下限至0.5μmol/L,而其它共存离子如Cd~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、Al3+、Mn~(2+)等对Cu~(2+)离子的荧光响应性没有干扰,即可实现对Cu~(2+)离子进行定量检测。     

12-钨磷酸及其盐的酸性与催化性能的研究

红外法研究结果表明12-钨磷酸Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺盐都具有L酸点和B酸点。用Benesi法测得10种12-钨磷酸盐的酸强度顺序为(Al³⁺、Fe³⁺、La³⁺、Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>(Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺>(Na⁺、Li⁺,其酸量与抗衡阳离子的离子势和电负性大体成线性关系。还看出酸量与所含结晶水量有关。催化剂的酸量与其对异丙醇脱水反应和丁烯-1异构化反应的催化活性的关系表现出不同的特征,这可用“体相型”和“表面型”催化作用的不同特点来解释。     

Separation selectivity of some ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid complexes in column and ion electrokinetic chromatography

The complexes of Mn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with EDTA and cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) were separated and detected in column and ion electrokinetic chromatography with suppressed conductivity and direct UV detection, respectively. In column ion chromatography (IC) these complexes were separated on an IonPac AS4A anion-exchange column (Dionex, USA). Parameters of carrier electrolyte, which were examined in the ion electrokinetic chromatography (IEKC) mode, include polymer and sulfate concentrations. In IEKC separation selectivity of complexes with poly(diallyldimethylammonium) cation as modifier is similar as for an IonPac AS4A column both for EDTA and CDTA chelates. It was shown that the ion-exchange capacity of the electrokinetic system is more than 100-times lower than the capacity of the IC column for the same peak resolution. In comparison with column main advantages of electrokinetic version are high separation efficiency (220 000–390 000 theoretical plates) and the absence of the analyte interaction with the sorbent matrix.     

Kinetic–catalytic–spectrophotometric determination of low concentrations of molybdenum in white wines

The paper describes the determination of the molybdenum content in white wines based on its catalytical action on the kalium iodide oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in acid medium.

The optimum reaction conditions (the catalyst, KI and H₂O₂ concentrations, the pH value, the order of the reagent additions, the temperature) have been found by studying the effect of the reaction variables.

The influence of some metallic ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺) and complexing anions (F⁻, C₂O²⁻₄, EDTA⁴⁻) on the catalyzed reaction rate was elucidated.

The molybdenum concentration was estimated by the tangent, fixed-time and fixed-absorbance method. The obtained average values for molybdenum content in white wines are within the 1.77×10⁻⁷–1.83×10⁻⁷ mol l⁻¹ range.     

A highly selective chemosensor for copper ion based on ICT fluorescence

Simple structural compounds 1 to 3 were synthesized.The presence of Cu²⁺ resulted in the fluorescence and absorption spectra change of 1 and 2,which indicated that 1 and 2 showed a highly selective response to Cu²⁺ over other metal ions.However,3 showed no selectivity for metal ions,which means that the compound could bind with several metal ions,such as,Ni²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺.Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,and Co²⁺,except Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺.The different spectral responses were attributed to the difference in binding sites for 1 and 3.     

Computational study of calix[4]arene derivatives and complexation with Zn

High level DFT was applied to study structure and conformational equilibrium of amino and mercaptocalix[4]arenes possessing methylene groups or sulfur atoms at their four junctions. All the calculations point to cone and 1,3-alternate as the most stable conformers for sulfur and methylene bridged compounds, respectively. The presence of four sulfur atoms in place of the methylene bridges can lead to novel features in the complexation with transition metals. The host–guest 1:1 complexes between Zn²⁺ and each conformer of tetraaminothiacalix[4]arene were also investigated at the same DFT level. The four nitrogens of amino groups play a dominant role in the interaction with Zn²⁺ via distorted tetrahedral coordination for 1,3-alternate, or distorted square planar for partial cone and 1,2-alternate. On the other hand, the 2:1 complexes with cone show that the sulfur bridges can also bind Zn²⁺ and contribute to form two sets of five-membered chelated rings with two N donor atoms.