有限元-优化-GAD集成一体的微机软件系统MCADS

本文根据有限元分析方法、工程优化设计、计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术三者集成一体,发展适合CAD环境的高效实用的计算力学软件以及集成系统这一构想,提出并研究了实现这种集成化所必需的有限元-CAp接口,有限元-优化接口和优化-CAD接口中的若干问题,介绍了所研制的面向工程的微型计算机辅助结构优化设计集成化软件系统MCADS。     

多路精密时间间隔测量系统接口电路与软件设计

为了提高时间间隔测量系统的性能，增加系统的测量通道，设计研制了多通道精密时间间隔测量系统。测量系统采用虚拟仪器技术，硬件接口采用PXI总线，利用PLX9054专用芯片实现PXI总线的接口功能。采用WinDriver开发驱动程序，在VB平台下开发时间间隔应用程序，实现了数据的采集、实时显示和保存。简论了接口电路和软件设计，并对软件编程的一些关键技术作了介绍。     

爆破地震波作用下法兰接口燃气管道动力失效机制

基于典型城市燃气管道直埋地层特点,通过全尺寸直埋燃气管道爆破地震实验,并结合LS-DYNA动力有限元数值计算软件建立不同爆源距离的无接口和法兰接口的燃气管道模型,分析研究了爆破地震波作用下法兰接口燃气管道动力响应特征及其失效机制。研究结果表明:管道截面应变以轴向拉伸应变为主,环向应变为辅;不同爆破工况下,无接口管道和法兰接口管道及地表峰值振动速度随爆源距离减小而增大;沿管道轴线方向,无接口管道、地表峰值振动速度以管道中心截面为对称面沿两端不断减小,法兰接口管道峰值振速由两侧向中间逐渐增大,在法兰接口处突然减小;法兰接口处出现明显的应力集中现象;管道法兰接口处是爆破地震作用下研究的关键点,螺栓的峰值有效应力、垫片轴向压力、法兰峰值有效应力、法兰偏转角随爆源距离增大而减小;法兰管道偏转角与地表峰值振动速度具有对应关系,法兰接口燃气管道中心正上方地表的控制振速（13.82 cm/s）可作为邻近燃气管道爆破工程地表的安全控制值。     

单片集成MEMS陀螺数字闭环接口ASIC电路设计

为提高MEMS陀螺的线性度和稳定性,设计了适用于电容式MEMS陀螺的数字式双闭环接口电路。首先,概括了接口电路的系统结构,包括电容/电压转换电路、高精度模数转换器、数字信号处理等模块。然后,设计了基于自动增益控制的陀螺驱动闭环控制系统,并分析了驱动闭环稳定性条件,为驱动闭环系统的快速调试提供理论指导。最后,提出了一种基于四阶机电结合∑△调制器原理的陀螺敏感闭环检测系统。接口电路在0.18μm高压CMOS工艺平台上完成流片,并且与MEMS陀螺结构封装在一个管壳中进行测试验证。测试结果表明本接口电路的优越性能:在±500°/s量程下陀螺非线性度达到52.8 ppm,陀螺零偏不稳定性为0.58°/h(Allan方差),角度随机游走等于0.07°/h~(1/2),满足高性能MEMS陀螺对高线性度、高稳定性接口电路的应用需求。     

程控IMU整机老化系统研究

在分析IMU整机老化系统的需求的基础上,划分了系统模块,采用计算机并口和ISA接口设计了IMU整机老化系统,其中并口用来实现多IMU同时老化,ISA接口实现IMU输出数据测量,而控制台程序实现IMU通道选择和数据记录。联机运行证明该老化系统工作稳定、可靠。     

瞬态波形存贮器与微机的KTI-4型接口

中国科技大学研制出连接瞬态波形存贮器TCCJ—2000(日本理研公司产品)与IBM—PC/XT(及其增强型)的型接口.该接口将存于TCCJ—2000中的数字信号直接采集到IBM—PC/XT的内存中,以便进行数据处理。该接口主体是一块集成电路印刷板,插在微机的扩充槽中,然后引线连到波形存贮器的数字输入端口。     

介绍两种振动冲击试验中的数据采集和处理系统

本文介绍了两种振动冲击测试仪器与计算机连接的硬件接口和软件设计,指出组成数据采集系统时需注意的问题.     

基于嵌入式Linux的"北斗一号"卫星导航系统软件设计

简要介绍了“北斗一号”卫星导航系统的定位原理，阐述了基于PC104主板自主实现的一个嵌入式Linux，以及在该嵌入式Linux平台上基于Linux图形开发软件Mini GUI开发的“北斗一号”卫星导航系统软件。该软件利用PC104的RS232接口和北斗接收机的RS232接口进行数据通讯，实现了北斗系统的定位、通讯、授时三大主要功能，并在此基础上通过定位查询和通讯功能实现了对下属车辆或船舶等的调度监控功能。     

Z轴硅微机械陀螺仪的机电接口模型分析

为提高z轴硅微机械陀螺仪信噪比，分析了陀螺仪机电接口中的电容和电阻。文中以z轴硅微机械陀螺仪的理论模型为对象，建立了陀螺仪机电接口模型，分析了模型中寄生电容和电阻对有用信号和噪声的影响。分析结果表明：寄生电容会削弱有用信号，且布线与活动结构间的电容对输出有很大的影响，而寄生电阻会产生噪声。最后，提出了采用新工艺和合理的布线方法以减小寄生电容和电阻，从而提高信噪比。     

基于AutoCAD的有限元建模系统AutoFEM

介绍了基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ平台开发应用程序的主要特点和在ＡｕｔｏＦＥＭ中采用的软件接口方案，数据模型及所见即所得等。     

基于分子动力学的结合材料界面破坏准则

结合材料的破坏通常都是从界面或其附近发生的,但界面破坏的机理及其评价准则尚未十分清楚.采用分子动力学模拟方法,可以对结合材料的界面破坏过程进行模拟,从而获得结合材料的界面应力和界面破坏之间的关系.界面破坏可以分为奇异应力场作用下的破坏,和界面应力集中引起的破坏两种.虽然在分子动力学模拟中采用了高度简化的界面模型,但对界面破坏过程的模拟,仍可以帮助人们获得结合材料界面破坏过程的规律性认识.分别模拟远场作用下界面上存在初始裂纹和界面附近存在初始裂纹两种情况下的界面破坏,根据分子动力学模拟结果,提出了一个结合材料界面破坏的准则.     

Elliptical inclusion in an anisotropic plane: non-uniform interface effects

We study the plane deformation of an elastic composite system made up of an anisotropic elliptical inclusion and an anisotropic foreign matrix surrounding the inclusion. In order to capture the influence of interface energy on the local elastic field as the size of the inclusion approaches the nanoscale, we refer to the Gurtin-Murdoch model of interface elasticity to describe the inclusion-matrix interface as an imaginary and extremely stiff but zero-thickness layer of a finite stretching modulus. As opposed to isotropic cases in which the effects of interface elasticity are usually assumed to be uniform (described by a constant interface stretching modulus for the entire interface), the anisotropic case considered here necessitates non-uniform effects of interface elasticity (described by a non-constant interface stretching modulus), because the bulk surrounding the interface is anisotropic. To this end, we treat the interface stretching modulus of the anisotropic composite system as a variable on the interface curve depending on the specific tangential direction of the interface. We then devise a unified analytic procedure to determine the full stress field in the inclusion and matrix, which is applicable to the arbitrary orientation and aspect ratio of the inclusion, an arbitrarily variable interface modulus, and an arbitrary uniform external loading applied remotely. The non-uniform interface effects on the external loading-induced stress distribution near the interface are explored via a group of numerical examples. It is demonstrated that whether the nonuniformity of the interface effects has a significant effect on the stress field around the inclusion mainly depends on the direction of the external loading and the aspect ratio of the inclusion.     

Analysis of a mode-I crack perpendicular to an imperfect interface

The elastostatic problem of a mode-I crack embedded in a bimaterial with an imperfect interface is investigated. The crack is in proximity to and perpendicular to the imperfect interface, which is governed by linear spring-like relations. The Fourier transform is applied to reduce the associated mixed-boundary value problem to a singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel. By numerically solving the resulting equation, stress intensity factors near both crack tips are evaluated. Obtained results reveal that the stress intensity factors in the presence of the imperfect interface vary between that with a perfect interface and that with a completely debonding interface. Moreover, an increase in the interface parameters decreases the stress intensity factors. In particular, when crack approaches to the weakened interface closer, the stress intensity factors become larger for a sliding interface, and become larger or smaller for a Winkler interface, depending on the crack lying in a stiffer or softer material. The influences of the imperfection of the interface on the stress intensity factors for a bimaterial composed of aluminum and steel are presented graphically.     

A piezoelectric screw dislocation interacting with an imperfect piezoelectric bimaterial interface

A general method is presented for the analytical solution of a piezoelectric screw dislocation located within one of two joined piezoelectric half-planes. The bonding along the half-plane is considered to be imperfect with the assumption that the imperfect interface is mechanically compliant and dielectrically weakly (or highly) conducting. For a mechanically compliant interface tractions are continuous but displacements are discontinuous across the imperfect interface. In this context, jumps in the displacement components are assumed to be proportional to their respective interface traction components. Similarly, for a dielectrically weakly conducting interface the normal electric displacement is continuous but the electric potential is discontinuous across the interface. The jump in electric potential is proportional to the normal electric displacement. In contrast, for a dielectrically highly conducting interface the electric potential is continuous across the interface whereas the normal electric displacement has a discontinuity across the interface which is proportional to a certain differential expression of the electric potential. Explicit expressions are derived for the complex field potentials. The results show that there are two dimensionless parameters measuring the interface “rigidity” as compared to one for the purely elastic case. When the imperfect interface is compliant and weakly conducting, the two dimensionless parameters can be positive real values or complex conjugates with positive real parts. When the imperfect interface is compliant and highly conducting the two dimensionless parameters can only be positive real values. An expression for the image force acting on the screw dislocation due to its interaction with a compliant and weakly conducting interface is also given. It is found that the image force is only dependent on two dimensionless generalized Dundurs constants as well as two dimensionless parameters measuring the interface “rigidity”.     

Cohesive fracture simulation and failure modes of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces

A work-of-fracture method using three-point bend beam (3PBB) specimen, commonly employed to determine the fracture energy of concrete, is adapted to evaluate the mode-I cohesive fracture of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite–concrete adhesively bonded interfaces. In this study, a bilinear damage cohesive zone model (CZM) is used to simulate cohesive fracture of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces. The interface cohesive process damage model is proposed to simulate the adhesive–concrete interface debonding; while a tensile plastic damage model is used to account for the cohesive cracking of concrete near the bond line. The influences of the important interface parameters, such as the interface cohesive strength, concrete tensile strength, critical interface energy, and concrete fracture energy, on the interface failure modes and load-carrying capacity are discussed in detail through a numerical finite element parametric study. The results of numerical simulations indicate that there is a transition of the failure modes controlling the interface fracture process. Three failure modes in the mode-I fracture of FRP–concrete interface bond are identified: (1) complete adhesive–concrete interface debonding (a weak bond), (2) complete concrete cohesive cracking near the bond line (a strong bond), and (3) a combined failure of interface debonding and concrete cohesive cracking. With the change of interface parameters, the transition of failure modes from interface debonding to concrete cohesive cracking is captured, and such a transition cannot be revealed by using a conventional fracture mechanics-based approach, in which only an energy criterion for fracture is employed. The proposed cohesive damage models for the interface and concrete combined with the numerical finite element simulation can be used to analyze the interface fracture process, predict the load-carrying capacity and ductility, and optimize the interface design, and they can further shed new light on the interface failure modes and transition mechanism which emulate the practical application.     

内聚力界面单元与复合材料的界面损伤分析

推导了一种基于内聚力模型无厚的界面单元,用来模拟复合材料纤维与基体之间的界面层．研究了纤维周期分布的复合材料受横向荷载时,在界面不同的强韧性条件下其界面损伤演化的规律和对复合材料整体性质的影响     

双层金属纳米板界面能密度的尺寸效应

界面能密度是表征纳米复合材料与结构界面力学性质的重要物理量.采用分子动力学方法计算了不同面心立方金属晶体构成的双材料纳米薄板结构的界面能密度,分析了界面晶格结构形貌变化及界面效应对原子势能的影响.结果表明:双材料纳米薄板界面具有周期性褶皱状疏密相间的晶格结构形貌,界面上原子势能亦呈现周期性分布特性,而靠近界面的两侧原子势能与板内原子势能具有明显差异.拉格朗日界面能密度和欧拉界面能密度均随双层薄板厚度的增加而增加,最终趋向于块体双材料结构的界面能密度.     

具有分形结构界面的固体膜/粘滞层/基底层状结构的变形

考虑固体膜/粘滞层/基底结构中粘滞层/基底界面不平整对结构的稳定性,特别是固体薄膜稳定时的褶皱变形产生的影响.考虑自仿射和峰状的粗糙界面.自仿射的粗糙界面由振幅和分形维表征,振幅和分形维越大对结构平衡的影响越大;峰状界面由振幅和平均峰间距表征,振幅越大对结构平衡影响越大,平均峰间距越小对结构平衡影响越大.进而,用有限元方法模拟分析该结构,得到界面平整和不平整两种情况下固体膜面内失稳力.结果表明,粘滞层/基底不平整情况下结构的平衡状态与假设该界面为理想平整面所得的结果有很大不同,在结构尺寸较小的情况下不可假设该界面为理想平整来考察该结构的稳定性.     

Interface damage modeled by spring boundary conditions for in-plane elastic waves

In-plane elastic wave propagation in the presence of a damaged interface is investigated. The damage is modeled as a distribution of small cracks and this is transformed into a spring boundary condition. First the scattering by a single interface crack is determined explicitly in the low frequency limit for the case of a plane wave normally incident to the interface. The transmission at an interface with a random distribution of small cracks is then determined and is compared to periodically distributed cracks. The cracked interface is then described by a distributed spring boundary condition. As an illustration the dispersion relation of the first modes in a thick plate with a damaged interface in the middle is given.     

界面裂纹萌生与扩展的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了裂纹在界面端处萌生与沿界面扩展的临界条件. 模拟考虑了一双相材料的3种模型,即构成90°/90°和 90°/180°夹角的两个界面端和一个界面裂纹. 模拟采用了包含原子区域与连续区域的并发型多尺度模型,即在界面端尖端和裂纹尖端附近 采用分子动力学(MD)方法,MD区域之外则按照线弹性有限元方法分析. 结果表明,在断裂启动时刻,3个模型沿界面的最大应力均达到界面理想强度;而且,其界 面能恰好足以克服界面材料的本征内聚能. 因此,界面端裂纹萌生与沿界面扩展的断裂条件可以通过界面理想强度和内聚能联系起来. 并基于模拟计算结果提出了界面断裂启动的统一准则.