激光多普勒测速技术

多普勒效应是由于波源或观察者的运动而出现观测频率与波源频率不同的现象。由澳大利亚物理学家J．Doppler1842年发现的。     

激光多普勒测量中信号的误差分析

激光多普勒测量技术在流体以及固体表面测量中得到了广泛的运用。由于影响测量的误差源较多 ,因而在实际的测量过程中 ,激光多普勒测量的精度并不是非常的高。影响测量精度的误差主要是激光多普勒频率增宽 ,高斯光束的干涉以及安装误差。通过控制不同的系统参数 ,可以消除或减小相应的误差     

激光多普勒超低速测量

报道激光多普勒超低速测量系统及实验结果，其光学系统为四光路双焦点外差多普勒测速系统，信号处理系统为动态模拟相位计，可测速度范围为１ｎｍ／ｓ到３００ｍｍ／ｓ。     

差动激光多普勒测速仪在固体速度测量中的应用

采用差动型后向散射的方式进行实验,利用数据采集卡PCI DAS-4020采集信号,并在Labview软件中对信号进行滤波处理,以提高信噪比,运用傅里叶变换(FFT)处理数据,计算出运动目标的速度并与实际速度进行了比较。结果表明该系统用于固体表面速度的测量切实可行,精度可达到2.2%。     

固体沿光轴方向的极缓慢速度和微小位移的激光多普勒测量

为了实现目标极缓慢速度和微小位移的实时、准确监测,消除各种干扰对微弱多普勒信号的影响,设计了一套激光多普勒测速(LDV)系统。该系统采用迈克尔逊干涉光路和调幅解调、相敏检测技术,具有较强的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,该系统可实现固体目标沿光轴方向μm/s级速度和μm级位移的实时、准确测量。该系统光路结构简单,对目标的表面状况无特殊要求,可用于滑坡、地陷等地质灾害的监测,及桥梁、大坝等工程结构变形状况的检测,该方案对相关科学实验和工件精密测量也有重要意义。     

用激光多普勒效应远距离测量固体散射表面的位移

利用激光多普勒效应实现了远距离固体表面的横向位移测量。从理论上分析了双光束差动结构的多普勒频移 ,设计了声光调制、双光束差动、大口径接收的光路系统和计算机实时跟踪补偿的位移测量系统。分别对普通纸张表面和金属表面进行实际测量 ,测量距离为 10m ,测量精度为± 0 .4%。     

基于计数法测量激光多普勒测速仪的测速精度

为了测量所设计的激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)的测量精度,用均匀转动的斩波片代替高精度的转台作为标准的速度源,并基于单片机AT89S52,采用光计数的方法测量斩波片上某一固定位置的切向运动速度,LDV的测量结果与之相比较。实验结果表明,LDV测速的相对精度不超过8‰,稳定性较好。     

基于变步长自适应滤波器在激光多普勒测量中的去噪研究

提出了一种自适应滤波算法应用于激光多普勒测量中的去噪方法,根据变步长自适应滤波算法的步长调整原则,分析了变步长最小均方算法的步长与误差关系曲线特点.研究表明,通过变步长自适应滤算法可有效地消除激光多普勒测量中由于声光调制、电光调制等引入的多频率噪音干扰.该算法简单、收敛性能强,仿真验证了该算法的优越性.     

激光自混频干涉法测量表面粗糙度的研究

对半导体激光自混频干涉法测量表面粗糙度中的干涉效应进行了理论分析,推导了干涉信号与表面粗糙度的数学关系式,讨论了影响测量信号的因素及表征表面粗糙度的评定参数,即表面轮廓的方均根偏差。结果表明,随着加工表面粗糙度的降低,反射光的强度逐渐增加,被测物体表面的反射率越高,越有利于测量。     

An international review of laser Doppler vibrometry: Making light work of vibration measurement

In 1964, just a few years after the invention of the laser, a fluid velocity measurement based on the frequency shift of scattered light was made and the laser Doppler technique was born. This comprehensive review paper charts advances in the development and applications of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) since those first pioneering experiments. Consideration is first given to the challenges that continue to be posed by laser speckle. Scanning LDV is introduced and its significant influence in the field of experimental modal analysis described. Applications in structural health monitoring and MEMS serve to demonstrate LDV's applicability on structures of all sizes. Rotor vibrations and hearing are explored as examples of the classic applications. Applications in acoustics recognise the versatility of LDV as demonstrated by visualisation of sound fields. The paper concludes with thoughts on future developments, using examples of new multi-component and multi-channel instruments.     

A novel technique of laser measurement for the surface roughness

This paper describes a non-contact system for the surface roughness measurement without damage. It is suitable for various materials.     

Whole field surface roughness measurement by laser speckle correlation technique

This paper describes a speckle correlation technique for the determination of surface roughness, ranging from 1.6 to 50 μm. Instead of moving the laser beam, the specimen is rotated to achieve angular speckle correlation (ASC) in the far-field plane. The technique is simple and requires minimum optical alignment. The experimental results show a good agreement with the standard specimen of known roughness. An error analysis on the experiment has been carried out. Together with the theoretical curves, the roughness values can be easily related to the change of incidence angle at a particular visibility of the correlation fringes between two speckle patterns.     

Study on the measurement of in-plane displacement of solid surfaces by laser Doppler velocimetry

Theoretical analysis and experiments prove that there is a random phase error in the measurement of the in-plane displacement of solid surfaces by laser Doppler velocimetry. This error will impede the accuracy of the measurement from being further improved to, for example, the region of several fractions of one order. In addition, the reason for the random signal dropout in the measurement is also studied and a method of extending the range in which the signal is maintained continuous is also given.     

Experimental study on the surface stress measurement with Rayleigh wave detection technique

In this paper, experimental study on the surface stress measurement of a metallic material based on the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic theory is introduced. A Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic formula deduced by Husson is optimized to estimate the surface stress of the material. Two micro Rayleigh wave transducers with 5 MHz frequency one of which is used for acoustic pulse emitter and another for receiver are used to determine the time of flight of Rayleigh wave propagating in a certain distance along the surface of the material. The difference in time of flight between two ultrasonic signals obtained in stressed and unstressed object surface is identified by the digital correlation method. A specimen made of Q235 steel and applied with tensile load is used for calibration to obtain the acoustoelastic coefficients of Q235 steel. Furthermore, some principal factors which may result in errors in the experiment are discussed and some measurements are proposed to prevent these errors. Finally the surface stress of a cantilever beam is detected by the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic technique and the experimental result is well compared with the theoretical value.     

相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的改进

本文对现有相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行了改进,通过定义新的鉴频参量来同时利用相位调制信号直流和交流分量中的有用信息进行多普勒频移测量.由于相位调制信号直流分量中包含着调制信号光的Fabry-Perot干涉仪光强透过率,所以这一改进本质上是将基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的边缘技术激光多普勒频移测量方法的优势引入到相位调制测量方法中,以提高其自身的性能.理论上证明改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法无需对信号光的光强进行测量,所以可以进一步简化探测系统的结构和较少噪声混入的通道.另外,通过对改进前后鉴频和测量灵敏度曲线进行对比,还证明了其具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.实验上对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,不但证明了理论的正确性,而且证明了改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法,测量动态范围提高约1倍,测量标准偏差降低约35%.