小波分析在结构系统辨识中的应用

利用小波变换及其性质探讨了小波在结构系统辨识领域中的应用，给出它在脉冲响应函数提取、频响函数估计等非参数估计问题上的应用的具体步骤，结果表明小波在该领域的应用是可能且有效的．     

小波分析在悬臂梁裂纹识别中的应用

基于空间信号的小波分析理论,将含裂纹悬臂梁前四阶振型信息直接用于小波变换,小波系数在空间域上的突变反映了裂纹的存在并指出了裂纹的位置.本文分析了前四阶振型对小波识别结果的敏感性,利用小波系数模极大值在尺度上的表现与Lipschitz指数之闻的关系建立了集中因子和裂纹深度之间的关系,以此来估计裂纹深度.鉴于实测信号往往是含噪声信号,分析了噪声对识别结果的影响规律.数值算例表明利用sym4小波对含裂纹梁的四阶振型信息进行小波分析可以准确地识别出裂纹的位置和深度;高阶振型对结构损伤较为敏感,高阶振型更适合于微裂纹和含噪声信息的处理,但高阶振型的非线性也会给裂纹识别带来一定的困难.使用本文方法进行结构裂纹参数识别,噪声对裂纹位置的影响只是指示清晰度的影响,基本不会产生错误的识别,而对裂纹深度的影响远比对位置的影响复杂,由于小波系数混入了噪声成分,从而增加了集中因子的取值,致使识别结果总是比真实结果偏大.     

小波分析在圆柱壳结构损伤检测中的应用研究

为了检测出圆柱壳中的裂纹引起的损伤,利用sym4小波,对含裂纹圆柱壳的应变能曲线进行连续小波变换和多分辨分析,从小波系数出现局部模极大值来识别损伤的存在以及裂缝位置。通过分析和计算获得满意结果,表明此方法在圆柱壳结构损伤诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

基于振动信号神经网络层合板分层损伤检测研究

基于振动信号应用神经网络研究层合板分层损伤的检测方法. 对层合板分层损伤区域, 采用相同坐标不同节点建立了分层损伤处的有限元模型; 通过数值模拟提取结构无损和不同程度面积分层损伤的全局振动标识量; 重点研究神经网络对层合板分层损伤位置和损伤程度的检测技术. 研究表明, 用结构全局振动标识量作为人工神经网络的输入, 对层合板结构分层损伤检测是一种很有效的工程实用技术, 可应用于实际结构的在线损伤检测.     

运动车辆横向振动半车模型分析

通过半车模型, 数值研究平滑路面上运动车辆车体的前两阶横向振动频率. 将车体模型化为两端自由的Euler-Bernoulli梁, 半车模型的车轮模型化为两个弹性不等的弹簧. 建立半车模型的数学模型描述车体的横向振动. 以两端自由的静态梁的模态为试函数和权函数, 通过高阶Galerkin截断计算车体横向振动的频率, 并研究车辆运行速度、车体刚度、弹簧刚度等参数对车体振动频率的影响.     

虚拟仪器在振动分析教学实验中的应用

介绍一个由学生自己定义、自己设计的虚拟仪器实验方法,既能培养学生实验动手能力,又能解决一般学校实验仪器套数少的问题.     

基于振动测试与小波包分析的结构损伤预警

将结构振动测试技术与小波包分析相结合，提出对振动激励信号与响应信号分别 进行小波包分解并在此基础上计算结构的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，用以表征 结构动力系统的损伤状态. 通过一钢筋混凝土板静力承载力的振动试验分析，计算该板在不 同受力阶段的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，在此基础上对板不同受力阶段的损伤 状态进行了判别. 该方法克服了结构动力响应的小波包能量谱不能反映结构损伤状态的缺 点，试验表明所采用的方法是可行的.     

裂纹转子振动特性分析

以具有刚性支承的水平Jefcott裂纹转子为研究对象,考虑涡动的影响,建立了裂纹转轴在固定坐标系中的刚度矩阵,推导了裂纹转子振动的运动方程,并通过数值方法分析了其动态特性。数值分析表明：裂纹转子振动响应中出现1X、2X、3X……分量,且当Ω=1/2,1/3…时,2X,3X…分量分别达到最大值;转子的中心轨迹形状随Ω变化而变化,当β=0-π逐渐增大时,响应中1X分量显著减小。考虑弯扭耦合振动时,振动响应中出现一些新的频率成分。同步激励的情况下,当ω＝ωN／n(n=2,3,4,…）时,扭转振动响应中nX分量也达到最大值。     

含裂纹圆柱薄壳的动态特性试验研究

利用时间平均法分别拍摄了含轴向和环向裂纹圆柱薄壳的激光全息振型图,讨论了裂纹对圆柱薄壳振型及固有频率的影响,把含裂纹壳体的振型分为三个区,即：裂纹周围的局部振动区,壳体原振动区和过渡区. 并着重分析了局部振动的特征,得出了局部振动有着自己的独有振形和固有频率的结论,从而很好解释了含裂纹圆柱薄壳的复杂振型图及固有频率的反常变化.     

用振动方法测量流体密度

介绍了用振动方法则量流体密度的实验原理、实验装置和实验方法, 这是振动力学的一个教学实验,具有实际应用价值。     

AN IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS FOR CRACK DETECTION IN THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM BASED ON THE ANTI-RESONANCE TECHNIQUE

An alternative technique for crack detection in a Timoshenko beam based on the first anti-resonant frequency is presented in this paper.Unlike the natural frequency,the anti-resonant frequency is a local parameter rather than a global parameter of structures,thus the proposed technique can be used to locate the structural defects.An impedance analysis of a cracked beam stimulated by a harmonic force based on the Timoshenko beam formulation is investigated.In order to characterize the local discontinuity due to cracks,a rotational spring model based on fracture mechanics is proposed to model the crack.Subsequently,the proposed method is verified by a numerical example of a simply-supported beam with a crack.The effect of the crack size on the anti-resonant frequency is investigated.The position of the crack of the simply-supported beam is also determined by the anti-resonance technique.The proposed technique is further applied to the"contaminated"anti-resonant frequency to detect crack damage,which is obtained by adding 1-3% noise to the calculated data.It is found that the proposed technique is effective and free from the environment noise.Finally,an experimental study is performed,which further verifies the validity of the proposed crack identification technique.     

分布式光纤裂缝检测的有限元分析及试验

对分布式光纤裂缝检测技术中光纤-混凝土复合体的微观力学行为进行了分析. 考虑了涂覆-护套、护套-混凝土双界面的状态非线性,混凝土采用双线性各向同性强化模型以消减局部应力集中,避免护套-混凝土之间的过度穿透. 采用试验确定的接触对力学参数,用ANSYS进行了数值模拟,得到了光纤-混凝土复合体的微观应力分布及光纤的曲率分布. 定量分析了缝宽与弯曲损耗的关系,计算结果与试验结果符合较好,从理论上验证了光纤布置方式、护套厚度对传感灵敏度和动态范围的影响,为分布式光纤裂缝检测技术提供了修正的微观力学分析理论和方法.      

岩石钻爆开挖中预裂缝的隔震效果分析

通过应力波与由节理刚度系数描述的预裂缝的相互作用分析，考虑预裂缝在爆炸应力波作用下的闭合效应及预裂缝充水等条件下，研究了预裂缝的隔震机制与隔震效果，从而为岩石开挖过程中周边控制爆破方式的优选提供了理论依据。     

CRACK IDENTIFICATION IN STEPPED CANTILEVER BEAM COMBINING WAVELET ANALYSIS WITH TRANSFORM MATRIX

This paper illustrates the crack identification method combining wavelet analysis with transform matrix. Firstly, the fundamental vibration mode was applied to wavelet analysis. The crack location was found by the peaks of the wavelet coefficients. Secondly, based on the identified crack locations, a simple transform matrix method requiring only the first two tested natural frequencies was used to further identify the crack depth. The present method can be used for crack identification in a complex structure. Numerical results of crack identification of a stepped cantilever beam show that the suggested method is feasible.     

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH BREATHING CRACK USING PERTURBATION METHOD

In this paper, a new analytical method for vibration analysis of a cracked simply supported beam is investigated. By considering a nonlinear model for the fatigue crack, the governing equation of motion of the cracked beam is solved using perturbation method. The solution of the governing equation reveals the superhaxmonics of the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear effects in the dynamic response of the cracked beam. Furthermore, considering such a solution, an explicit expression is also derived for the system damping changes due to the changes in the crack parameters, geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of the cracked beam. The results show that an increase in the crack severity and approaching the crack location to the middle of the beam increase the system damping. In order to validate the results, changes in the fundamental frequency ratios against the fatigue crack severities are compared with those of experimental results available in the literature. Also, a comparison is made between the free response of the cracked beam with a given crack depth and location obtained by the proposed analytical solution and that of the numerical method. The results of the proposed method agree with the experimental and numerical results.     

疲劳裂纹扩展分析的随机方法

本文介绍了近年发展起来的疲劳裂纹扩展分析的随机方法,即疲劳裂纹扩展随机模型建立方法和疲劳裂纹扩展统计分析方法。这一分析方法为金属构件疲劳裂纹扩展寿命及可靠性研究提供了有力的工具。      

SELF-SIMILAR CRACK EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ANALYSIS

The Self-Similar Crack Expansion (SSCE) method is proposed to evaluate stress intensi-ty factors at crack tips, whereby stress intensity factors of a crack can be determined by the crackopening displacement over the crack, not just by the local displacement around the crack tip. The crackexpansion rate is estimated by taking advantage of the crack self-similarity. Therefore, the accuracy ofthe calculation is improved. The singular integrals on crack tip elements are also analyzed and are pre-cisely evaluated in terms of a special integral analysis. Combination of these two techniques greatly in-creases the accuracy in estimating the stress distribution around the crack tip. A variety of two-dimen-sional cracks, such as subsurface cracks, edge cracks, and their interactions are calculated in terms ofthe self-similar expansion rate. Solutions are satisfied with errors less than 0.5% as compared with theanalytical solutions. Based on the calculations of the crack interactions, a theory for crack interactionsis proposed such that for a group of aligned cracks the summation of the square of SIFs at the right tipsof cracks is always equal to that at the left tips of cracks. This theory was proved by the mehtod ofSelf-Similar Crack Expansion in this paper.     

基于小波变换在线结构损伤检测分析研究

传统的傅立叶变换只能确定一个函数奇异性的整体性质,而难以确定奇异点在空间的位置及分布情况.小波变换具有空间局部化性质,利用小波变换来分析信号的奇异性及奇异性位置和奇异度的大小是比较有效的.在结构发生损伤时,结构的刚度发生了变化,因此结构动力响应的在线监测信号相应的发生了间断点,由于小波分析具有刻划信号局部特征的作用,通过对结构响应进行小波分解以后可以确定结构是否出现损伤以及确定损伤发生的时刻.     

含45度斜裂纹圆柱薄壳动态特性试验研究

测量了含45度斜裂纹圆柱薄壳的固有频率并拍摄了相应的激光全息振型图. 实验表明斜裂纹比轴向和环向裂纹对壳体动态特性的影响更大,致使振型图发生了严重畸变而显得相当复杂,利用传统思路难以找到裂纹长度对壳体动态特性的影响规律. 为此,把裂纹周围的振动看作为一种独立的局部振动,从而把含斜裂纹壳体的各种复杂振型划分为3类：纯局部振动振型、纯原振动振型、局部振动和原振动耦合振型. 其中前两种振型的固有频率皆随裂纹的加长而降低,但对于耦合振型有时会出现``随裂纹加长频率反而升高的现象',这是由于把壳体原振动的频率和局部振动的频率相混淆而产生的错觉.