时间反转和逆时偏移混合法用于层状介质中目标的声学检测和定位

一般超声回波检测、时间反转和逆时偏移技术,都不能将界面附近的目标(缺陷)检测出来。这是因为目标反射波和界面(或底面)反射波相重叠的缘故。虽然改进的时间反转法(即换元的时间反转法)能够区别目标和界面(或底面),但还是不能定位。本文提出一种时间反转和逆时偏移混合方法。分析和仿真结果表明该方法不但能够鉴别出层状介质中的目标,而且可以定位。对于多个目标,也能给出其位置分布图。特别地,本文方法对于分层介质中的缺陷和浅海海底下的目标检测和定位具有重要的潜在价值。     

基于高阶累积量的单帧复杂云背景下红外小目标检测

高阶累积量由于可以抵抗高斯噪声的影响而被广泛地应用于信号处理的各个领域。针对复杂云背景下单帧红外图像弱小目标检测的问题,与传统的时空管道滤波方法不同,通过建立合理的数据模型,在抑制缓变背景和噪声的同时,结合小目标局部范围内突变的特点,三阶累积量的计算使得目标在单帧全局检测可检的信噪比达到了1.66。     

Prediction of the performance of an algorithm for the detection of small targets in infrared images

Detection of small targets in infrared (IR) images is important in IR image processing. For the prediction of performance of a detection algorithm, it is necessary to calculate the probability of detection and probability of false alarm. A method is developed to calculate the probabilities in this paper. The detection is divided into two parts: the first part, which is called pre-detection, is to find out candidates for targets in a single frame of an image; and the second part is to localize the target in multiple frames of the image. Under some assumptions, the pre-detection probability, the false detection probability of single frame, detection probability and false alarm probability are derived. The algorithm for the detection of small target in IR image, which is used for the derivation of the probabilities, is contrast threshold detection based on background prediction, and a pipeline filter is used for multiframe image processing. The results show the relationship of the probabilities to the contrast of target to background, SNR, and contrast threshold.     

圆形阵列光电探测系统双目标识别方法

针对双弹丸同时着靶情况下的立靶坐标测量问题,提出一种圆形阵列光电探测系统的双目标识别方法.采用光电探测器件组成1个圆形的探测阵列,并将3个发光角度均为60°的扇形一字线激光器均匀设置于圆形探测阵列上组成探测光幕.当2发弹丸同时穿过探测光幕时,会在圆形探测阵列上产生6个弹丸投影,通过信号处理电路识别6个弹丸投影的中心位置...     

一种适于小角度测量的旋光角度测量方法研究

通过对输出信号的分析,提出了一种适于小角度测量的旋光角度测量方法,此方法通过检测经过旋光物质并经法拉第磁光调制的信号与不加旋光物质而仅经法拉第磁光调制的信号的波形宽度来实现对旋光物质旋光角度的测量.同时,利用搭建的测试系统,配置不同浓度的白砂糖溶液进行了验证性实验.实验结果表明,旋光角度与溶液浓度之间成很好的线性关系,...     

复杂红外背景中运动小目标快速跟踪技术

在地面、海面、天空复杂背景下对红外小目标稳定跟踪是亟需解决的难题.为兼顾鲁棒性和实时性,以判别尺度空间跟踪算法为基础,应用可有效表征目标区域灰度突变特性和目标形状信息的广义结构张量算法作为特征提取方法.改进后的算法更适用于红外图像快速处理,能提高跟踪鲁棒性,且计算量小、效率高,目标特征维度低.为提高跟踪稳定性,依据置信...     

Acoustic field analysis of detection and location of targets in layered media by time reversal-reverse time migration mixed method

Using the time reversal(TR)-reverse time migration(RTM) mixed method, the numerical analysis towards the acoustic field for detection and location of targets in layered media is performed. First the approaches and steps of the numerical analysis and simulation for acoustic field are proposed, then, the acoustic field distribution of single target and multiple targets are further computed by using the approaches of single emission-multiple receiving and multiple emission-multiple receiving. The numerical simulation results indicate that target detection and location can be well realized. By comparison, good results are obtained from the both two approaches, but large time-consuming is observed in way of multiple emission-multiple receiving, and so would be unacceptable. Additionally, the improved way is also proposed for multiple target detection.     

时间反转和逆时偏移混合法用于层状介质中目标检测和定位的声场分析

基于时间反转和逆时偏移混合方法用于分层介质中目标的声学检测和定位的原理,本文对分层介质中目标检测和定位的声场进行了数值分析。首先给出了声场分布数值仿真的方法和步骤,进一步采用单发多收和多发多收两种方式对单个目标和多个目标计算出其声场分布。数值仿真结果表明可以较好地实现对目标的检测和定位。比较发现,单发单收方式和多发多收方式都得到较好的结果,但多发多收方式计算耗时过多,因此不宜采用。另外,对多个目标的探测提出了改进方法。     

Infrared dim and small target detecting and tracking method inspired by Human Visual System

Detecting and tracking dim and small target in infrared images and videos is one of the most important techniques in many computer vision applications, such as video surveillance and infrared imaging precise guidance. Recently, more and more algorithms based on Human Visual System (HVS) have been proposed to detect and track the infrared dim and small target. In general, HVS concerns at least three mechanisms including contrast mechanism, visual attention and eye movement. However, most of the existing algorithms simulate only a single one of the HVS mechanisms, resulting in many drawbacks of these algorithms. A novel method which combines the three mechanisms of HVS is proposed in this paper. First, a group of Difference of Gaussians (DOG) filters which simulate the contrast mechanism are used to filter the input image. Second, a visual attention, which is simulated by a Gaussian window, is added at a point near the target in order to further enhance the dim small target. This point is named as the attention point. Eventually, the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm is first introduced to predict the attention point of the next frame of an image which simulates the eye movement of human being. Experimental results of infrared images with different types of backgrounds demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method to detect and track the dim and small targets.     

Simulation of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography images by a Monte Carlo method

We introduce a new Monte Carlo (MC) method for simulating optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of complex multilayered turbid scattering media. We demonstrate, for the first time of our knowledge, the use of a MC technique to imitate two-dimensional polarization-sensitive OCT images with nonplanar boundaries of layers in the medium like a human skin. The simulation of polarized low-coherent optical radiation is based on the vector approach generalized from the iterative procedure of the solution of Bethe-Saltpeter equation. The performances of the developed method are demonstrated both for conventional and polarization-sensitive OCT modalities.     

An improved infrared dim and small target detection algorithm based on the contrast mechanism of human visual system

To achieve higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate in dim and small target detection, this paper proposed an improved algorithm based on the contrast mechanism of human visual system (HVS) for infrared small target detection in an image with complicated background. According to the contrast mechanism of HVS, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter is exploited to deal with the input image, which can not only suppress the background noise and clutter but also enhances the target intensity significantly. As a result it increases the contrast ratio between target and background. To further eliminate residual clutter, we process the filtered image with morphological method in all directions. True target is finally obtained by applying local thresholding segmentation to the pre-processed image. Experimental results demonstrate its superior and reliable detection performance by high detection rate and low false alarm rate.     

Detection of mesoscale-driven circulations from time series of wind speed

Summary Average seasonal power spectra were calculated from time series of surface wind collected in the Sallentum Peninsula (Italy). Similarity friction laws were used to take into account the effect of the vertical stability of the atmospheric boundary layer on the diurnal spectral peak. Mesoscale circulations with 24 hour periodicity have then been detected in the power spectra, and a rough evaluation of the associated power, compared to that of the cyclonic scale, has been given. The author of this paper has agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Flame front detection by active contour method from OH-PLIF images under microgravity

It is difficult and high-cost to detect flame fronts by laser-sheet diagnostics under microgravity (μg),thus image processing is critical to obtain valuable information from the raw data. In the present study,premixed V-flames were detected under μg by OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and an effective method based on active contour model (ACM) is presented for automatic detecting and tracking flame fronts in the PLIF images. ACM can effectively detect the flame front in the images with low contrast and noises. Compared with other methods of flame front detection, the advantage of this method is that the image smoothing and image enhancement are not necessary for the correct detection of flame fronts in raw PLIF images.     

Wave optical analysis of integral method for three-dimensional images

We analyze by wave optics an integral method that produces three-dimensional (3D) images. The point light source is given at the pickup stage, and the light wave passing through each elemental lens is obtained at the display stage. The amplitude distributions of the waves from each elemental image are the same around a specific point where a 3D image is formed. Since the light waves approaching the image plane from different elemental lenses are incoherent, the synthesized value is the sum of the squared amplitudes of the waves. Therefore the modulation transfer function of this integral method is given by that of a single elemental lens.     

Detection and tracking of targets in infrared images using Bayesian techniques

Simple yet robust techniques for detecting targets in infrared (IR) images are an important component of automatic target recognition (ATR) systems. In our previous works, we have developed IR target detection and tracking algorithms based on image correlation and intensity. In this paper, we discuss these algorithms, their performances and problems associated with them and then propose novel algorithms to alleviate these problems. Our proposed target detection and tracking algorithms are based on frequency domain correlation and Bayesian probabilistic techniques, respectively. The proposed algorithms are found to be suitable for real-time detection and tracking of static or moving targets, while accommodating for detrimental affects posed by the clutter and background noise. Finally, limitations of all these algorithms are discussed.     

Recovery of delay time from time series based on the nearest neighbor method

We propose a method for the recovery of delay time from time series of time-delay systems. The method is based on the nearest neighbor analysis. The method allows one to reconstruct delays in various classes of time-delay systems including systems of high order, systems with several coexisting delays, and nonscalar time-delay systems. It can be applied to time series heavily corrupted by additive and dynamical noise.     

Improved optical images using a multi-level display system for non-optical hologram distributions

A multi-level display system is described which permits the recording of non-optical holograms with some control of the spatial frequency response. A marked improvement in the optically reconstructed image is then obtained.     

滤片-XRD探测系统响应时间测量

 研究了软X射线能谱仪探测道系统(系统包括X射线二极管（XRD）、SUJ-50-10电缆和不同频带示波器)的响应时间。实验利用上海激光联合实验室的20TW激光器激光(激光能量约20J，脉冲宽度约1ps)打金箔靶产生的X光，用XRD探测系统测量，记录示波器有TK684C，TK694C和WM8500等。将实验数据进行了线性拟合和比对分析。滤片XRD探测系统的响应时间随偏压升高而加快，随传输电缆长度的增加而变慢，因此测量快信号过程时，应提高探测器偏压，缩短传输电缆，选择宽频带高采样率示波器，以便减少系统的响应时间，减小信号失真程度。     

红外图像的疲劳状态识别方法

目的：为了解决光照变化对疲劳检测系统造成的准确性不高的问题,提出了一种近红外环境下判断人眼状态的方法,即针对红外光补图像的人眼状态判断。方法：首先,利用Adaboost算法对人眼区域进行定位,在网格法标记人眼瞳孔部分的基础上,进行Retinex红外图像增强。接着,对二值化与边缘检测后的红外图像分别进行网格法闭合度计算,得到人眼闭合度。最后,根据闭合度计算结果设定双阈值并结合PERCLOS来判断眼睛状态。结果：在DM642硬件平台上进行疲劳检测试验,实验结果表明,人眼状态识别率达到了90%以上,且平均每秒能处理21帧图片。结论：证明了该方法不仅能有效解决光照变化带来的问题,而且满足疲劳状态检测系统的快速性、可靠性和有效性等要求。