Propagation of gamma-rays at cosmological redshifts

We discuss absorption and reprocessing of γ-rays at cosmological redshifts. We consider Compton scattering and pair production by γ-rays on the cosmic baryonic matter, and photon-photon scattering and photon-photon pair production by γ-rays and Compton scattering of relativistic pairs on the cosmic blackbody background. We point out the cosmological importance of photon-photon scattering (a process not previously considered in astrophysics). We determine the region where the universe is transparent to γ-rays and the regions of dominance of the elementary processes on the photon-energy-redshift plane. We discuss the current status of this field of research and its future directions. The problem of cosmological γ-ray reprocessing is relevant, e.g., for observational γ-ray astronomy, for which the signatures of the cosmological origin need to be determined, and for studies of the effects that pair cascades, caused by the decay of unstable particles from a hot Big Bang, have on the primordial nucleosynthesis.     

Factorization method in the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass

The method of factorization, based on the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass, is applied to the processes with an unstable particle in the intermediate state. It was shown, that in the framework of the method suggested, the decay rate and cross section can be represented in the universal factorized form for an arbitrary set of particles. An exact factorization is caused by the specific structure of unstable particles propagators. We performed the phenomenological analysis of the factorization effect. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Near-threshold boson pair production in the model of smeared-mass unstable particles

Near-threshold production of boson pairs is considered within the framework of the model of unstable particles with smeared mass. We describe the principal aspects of the model and consider the strategy of calculations including the radiative corrections. The results of calculations are in good agreement with LEP II data and Monte-Carlo simulations. Suggested approach significantly simplifies calculations with respect to the standard perturbative one.     

Entanglement generation by electric field background

The quantum vacuum is unstable under the influence of an external electric field and decays into pairs of charged particles, a process which is known as the Schwinger pair production. We propose and demonstrate that this electric field can generate entanglement. Using the Schwinger pair production for constant and pulsed electric fields, we study entanglement for scalar particles with zero spins and Dirac fermions. One can observe the variation of the entanglement produced for bosonic and fermionic modes with respect to different parameters.     

Photon Decays in the Radiation-Dominated Universe: Scalar Electrodynamics

The effect of the creation of an arbitrary number of massive pairs by a photon in the spatially flat model of the radiation-dominated Universe is considered. The process added-up probability is calculated within the framework of scalar quantum electrodynamics conformally related to the metric of a curved spacetime. The rate of photon decay in the radiation-dominated universe as well as the mean number of the created particles have been found. Comparison of the rate of the pair creation in the photon decays with the rate of the pair creation in the photon-photon collisions which take place in the Minkowski spacetime has been carried out. The estimates having been made show the number density of the particles created in the processes of the photon decays in the radiation-dominated Universe to be by a factor of 10³⁰ higher than the number density of the particles created from the vacuum of the free scalar field by the gravitational background.     

反质子引起的核反应中碎裂机制和粒子产生（英文）

基于兰州量子分子动力学（LQMD） 模型,系统研究了低能反质子引起的核反应中原子核碎裂机制和粒子产生。在LQMD输运模型中,考虑了反重子-重子、重子-重子和介子-重子碰撞可能产生的弹性散射、湮灭反应、电荷交换和非弹性散射。发展了并合模型,用于相空间构造初级碎片产生。处于激发态的碎片退激是基于统计模型描述。研究结果说明超子主要是由于奇异性交换产生;重碎片裂变会导致中等质量区域碎片产额增加;反质子引起的核反应有利于产生s=-2 和s=1 奇特超核,并给出了产生截面。Within the framework of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics (LQMD) transport model, the nuclear fragmentation and particle production induced by low-energy antiprotons have been investigated thoroughly. Production of strange particles in the antiproton induced nuclear reactions is modeled within the LQMD model, in which all possible reaction channels such as elastic scattering, annihilation, charge exchange and inelastic scattering in antibaryon-baryon, baryon-baryon and mesonbaryon collisions have been included. A coalescence approach is developed for constructing the primary fragments in phase space. The secondary decay process of the fragments is described by the well-known statistical code. It is found that the strangeness exchange reactions dominate the hyperon production. A bump structure in the domain of intermediate mass for heavy targets appears owing to the contribution of fission fragments. It has advantage to produce heavier hyperfragments and hypernuclides with strangeness s = -2 (double-Λ fragments) and s = 1 (Λ-fragments) in antiproton induced reactions. The production cross sections are evaluated.     

CP violation in correlated production and decay of unstable particles

We study resonant CP-violating Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that may take place in the production and decay of unstable scalar particles at high-energy colliders. We show that as a consequence of unitarity and CPT invariance of the S-matrix, in 2→2 scatterings mediated by mixed scalar particles, at least three linearly independent decay matrices associated with the unstable scalar states are needed to obtain non-zero CP-odd observables that are also odd under C-conjugation. Instead, for the correlated production and decay of two unstable particle systems in 2→4 processes, we find that only two independent decay matrices are sufficient to induce a net non-vanishing CP-violating phenomenon. As an application of this theorem, we present numerical estimates of CP asymmetries for the correlated production and decay of supersymmetric scalar top-anti-top pairs at the LHC, and demonstrate that these could reach values of order one. As a byproduct of our analysis, we develop a novel spinorial trace technique, which enables us to efficiently evaluate lengthy expressions of squared amplitudes describing the resonant scalar transitions.     

Off-shell phenomena in Coulomb scattering

In the framework of off-shell quantum electrodynamics — the quantum field theory of a covariant symplectic mechanics, in which events evolve according to a Poincaré-invariant parameter τ — we study the low energy scattering of identical scalar particles. It is shown that exchange of mass is permitted in the formalism, and we calculate scattering cross sections for this case. In these cross sections, the usual forward pole of standard scalar QED splits into two poles and a zero, slightly offset from the forward direction. As mass exchange vanishes, a pole-zero pair cancel, the remaining pole moves to θ = 0, and the standard cross section is recovered.     

Stimulated second-order processes in the interaction of a spinless quantum particle beam with a self-consistent electromagnetic field

A nonlinear theory of interaction of two electromagnetic waves with a beam or a gas of spinless charged particles is developed. The effects of stimulated Compton scattering of electromagnetic waves and stimulated particle pair production (annihilation) during a collision of two electromagnetic quanta are investigated. Other stimulated processes that can occur only in a medium and decelerate electromagnetic waves are also considered. The relation between stimulated processes and various types of instabilities considered in classical electrodynamics of plasmas and plasmalike media is demonstrated.     

The composite electron

In this paper, the electron is considered a bound state of a neutrino and a negative pion. A model Lagrangian density that combines weak and electromagnetic interactions gives rise to equations of motion that define such a state. In this model, the muon is a bound state of an antineutrino and a negative pion, which explains why it cannot decay into an electron and a photon. The decay of unstable particles is reduced to pair creation plus particle recombination. The neutral pion is described by an interference between the charged-pion states. Several variations of the model are also presented.