温度对13Cr不锈钢在高 CO2 分压环境中腐蚀行为的影响

通过高温高压电化学测试,获得不同实验温度下13Cr不锈钢的循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和Mott-Schottky曲线,结合ZSIMPWIN软件和扫描电子显微镜分析,研究高温高CO2 分压环境下,温度对13Cr不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响. 在高温高CO2 分压环境下,随温度升高,13Cr不锈钢发生腐蚀的倾向增加,表面钝化膜稳定性下降,点蚀敏感度增加.     

304不锈钢在西沙海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

采用扫描电镜、能谱、电化学阻抗谱和拉曼光谱等分析测试手段,研究了西沙群岛苛刻海洋大气环境下,经过不同时间暴露后304不锈钢的腐蚀行为和机理.304不锈钢在西沙大气暴露后的腐蚀类型主要是以局部腐蚀的点蚀为主,腐蚀产物主要由β-FeOOH、γ-Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄组成.随暴露时间的延长,不锈钢表面钝化膜的稳定性变差,点蚀数目增加、点蚀坑深度增大日.表面腐蚀产物覆盖率也逐渐增多.与其他部位相比,点蚀更容易在表面划痕处产生.提高表面加工精度,有助于提高其耐腐蚀性能.     

固溶处理温度对2507双相不锈钢组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响

【目的】现代工业的飞速发展对双相不锈钢的使用要求越来越高,为扩大2507双相不锈钢(DSS2507)的实际应用,本研究探讨固溶处理温度对DSS2507组织结构、硬度及耐蚀性能的影响。【方法】通过定量金相法及硬度法研究固溶处理温度对DSS2507显微组织结构以及硬度的影响;通过电化学实验分析固溶处理温度对DSS2507抗腐蚀能力的影响。【结果】随着固溶处理温度的上升,铁素体α相含量增多而奥氏体γ相含量减少,固溶处理温度为1 050~1 100℃时可使钢中铁素体相跟奥氏体相的比例达到1∶1。固溶处理温度为1 000~1 050℃时DSS2507的硬度降低;但固溶处理温度从1 050℃升高到1 200℃时,其硬度又逐渐升高。另外,随着固溶处理温度从1 000℃升高到1 200℃,DSS2507的耐均匀腐蚀和点蚀性能先增强后减弱,1 050℃处理的DSS2507抗电化学腐蚀性能最优。【结论】固溶处理温度为1 050~1 100℃时可以使DSS2507两相比例达到1∶1,经1 050℃固溶处理的DSS2507抗电化学腐蚀性能最优。     

超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢在CO_2 及H_2 S/CO_2 环境中的腐蚀行为

在模拟油田腐蚀环境中,通过高温、高压、CO2和H2S/CO2腐蚀实验及电化学测试,研究超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在CO2腐蚀环境中,随着温度的升高,超级13Cr的均匀腐蚀速率呈稍微上升的趋势,点蚀轻微;在H2S、CO2共存条件下,超级13Cr的均匀腐蚀速率变化不大,点蚀严重,当Cl-的质量浓度为160g.L-1时,其最大点蚀深度可达28μm.超级13Cr的点蚀电位明显高于普通13Cr的点蚀电位,温度升高、Cl-的质量浓度增大和H2S气体的存在降低了超级13Cr的点蚀电位,而CO2对超级13Cr的点蚀电位影响不大;在N2、CO2环境中,超级13Cr的回复电位都在钝化区间,且回复电位较高,具有良好的再钝化能力.H2S气体的存在同样使超级13Cr的回复电位和点蚀电位显著降低.     

冷凝液硫含量对SUS444铁素体不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用冷凝液浸蚀-高温氧化循环腐蚀法模拟汽车排气系统内部服役环境,借助失重分析、腐蚀形貌观察及腐蚀产物分析,研究了SUS444不锈钢在不同硫含量的冷凝液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着腐蚀循环次数的增加,不锈钢表面不断沉积的FeSO_4·7H_2O、Fe(NH_4)(SO_4)_2及Fe_4(SO_4)_5(OH)_2·18H_2O等硫酸盐物质加速了不锈钢的腐蚀进程,其点蚀深度及腐蚀速率均随冷凝液中硫含量的升高而增加。     

高阻尼层压铝合金复合材料在人造海水中的腐蚀行为

高阻尼层压铝合金板材外层为高阻尼但耐蚀极差的Ｚｎ－２２％Ａｌ（质量分数）共析合金。为了使其成为耐海水腐蚀的设施材料，选择高纯铝（９９．９９％）、４号防锈铝ＬＦ４（５０８３）和包覆铝ＬＢ１（７０７２）作为层压板两外层的保护层，通过在人造海水中浸泡实验、电化学行为分析及溶解形貌的电镜观察等，研究了不同保护层材料和基体材料的电化学特征，比较分析得出，在常温人造海水中，以高纯铝或ＬＦ４作保护层的层压板，由于保护层点蚀严重，加速了层压板的缝隙腐蚀，导致层压析易破坏；以ＬＢ１作保护层的层压板，因为ＬＢ１电位低不发生钝化和点蚀而主动溶解，层压板表面腐蚀均匀，极化性能也好，适合于作为耐海洋性气候腐蚀的高阻尼层压析的保护材料。     

不锈钢去膜表面在氯化镁溶液中的钝化过程

采用划破电极技术,研究了不锈钢去膜表面在氯化镁溶液中的钝化过程。不锈钢在氯化镁溶液(14％,80℃)中钝化时的真实电流衰减规律为: i(t)=C_1exp(-a_1t)+C_2exp(-a_2t) 式中第一项反映吸附膜生长速度,第二项反映氧化膜生长速度。不锈钢去膜表面在氯化镁溶液中钝化时膜成长的规律符合高电场离子传导的膜生长机理。     

钝化304不锈钢在弱碱性含氯介质中的点蚀机理

采用交流阻抗技术研究了钝化304不锈钢在pH8.4,H_3BO_3(0.2Mol/t-Na_2B_4O_7(0.05mol/1)及pH9.2,Na_2B4O_7(0.05moI/I)的含氯介质中的点蚀行为;提出了点蚀的反应机理及发展阶段的界面等效电路模型,并认为在点蚀的发生和发展阶段都可能有复合物(MOHCl)及其进一步的吸附产物(MOHCl-Cl_n~-)形成。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的点蚀的敏感位置

本文研究了TiN夹杂对点蚀形核的影响。实验发现1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢微区点蚀形核敏感位置在TiN夹杂周围。AES结果表明TiN夹杂周围有一贫Cr区,Cr/Fe+Ni峰值低于基体。TiN夹杂周围是钝化膜的薄弱部位。TiN夹杂的存在降低了微区的点蚀破裂电位,即降低了不锈钢的耐点蚀性能。     

2205双相不锈钢在真空条件下氯化物溶液中的点蚀研究

采用电化学方法和形貌分析研究了真空条件下2205双相不锈钢在Na Cl溶液中的点蚀和再钝化行为。结果表明:(1) 2205双相不锈钢在真空度为60 k Pa的50 g/L Na Cl溶液中的临界点蚀温度和再钝化温度均在55℃～60℃之间;(2)随着Na Cl浓度(50 g/L～300 g/L)的增加,2205双相不锈钢的临界点蚀温度和再钝化温度变化不明显,但其击穿电位和再钝化电位的值均减小,更容易遭受点蚀破坏;(3)在温度低于临界点蚀温度的30℃下,2205双相不锈钢在不同点蚀发展程度下(强制回扫电流密度0. 01 m A/cm2～5. 00 m A/cm2)均具有良好的再钝化能力。     

时效时间对铸造2507双相不锈钢组织及性能影响

对固溶态的铸造2507双相不锈钢材料在750℃下分别时效2、6及10h,利用OM、SEM、拉伸试验和电化学试验分析了时效时间对材料金属间相形貌及数量、力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响. 试验结果表明： 固溶后的材料经750℃时效处理,随时效时间延长,金属间相的数量逐渐增多,χ相先由颗粒状逐渐长大为块状,然后又细化;σ相则随时效时间的延长逐渐粗化. 析出的金属间相越多,材料抗拉强度、塑性及耐蚀性越低. 点蚀优先在铁素体内及铁素体/奥氏体晶界上萌生,并向铁素体扩展,并且时效后材料腐蚀电流密度与时效时间呈现J_腐蚀r=0.69125t+1.432的线性关系.     

X70管线钢在酸性和近中性模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀行为

为对比X70管线钢在酸性(pH=3)和近中性(pH=7.7)模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀机制,采用极化曲线,通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和腐蚀失重实验对X70管线钢在不同模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,X70管线钢在酸性溶液中浸泡168 h后腐蚀失重约为近中性模拟海水溶液中的16倍,大部分表面发生均匀腐蚀,局部形成以夹杂物为中心的腐蚀圆环,随着浸泡时间的延长,容抗弧半径和低频区阻抗值|Z|均呈增大趋势,先发生吸附而后出现微弱的扩散,电荷转移电阻R_ct值增大,腐蚀速率减小;近中性模拟海水中形成较厚的腐蚀产物膜,氯离子聚集破坏形成小点蚀坑,局部聚集形成大的点蚀,电荷转移电阻减小,腐蚀速率增大,而后趋于稳定;X70管线钢在模拟海水溶液中处于活性溶解状态,与酸性海水溶液相比,管线钢在近中性模拟溶液中自腐蚀电位E_corr正移137 mV,自腐蚀电流密度i_corr为酸性海水溶液中的0.047倍。因此,X70管线钢在酸性模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀规律可为其应用于海底管线的腐蚀控制提供理论支撑,对其安全服役具有十分重要的意义。     

Effect of microstructure and passive film on corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel prepared by different cooling methods in simulated marine environment

The effect of microstructure and passive film on the corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel(SDSS) in simulated marine environment was investigated by electrochemical measurements, periodic wet–dry cyclic corrosion test, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The results show that the occupation ratio of γ phase increases with the decrease in cooling rate, whereas the content of α phase reduces gradually. In addition, the σ precipitated phase only emerges in the annealed steel. The pitting sensitivity and corrosion rate of 2507 SDSS reduce first and then increase as the cooling rate decreases. The σ precipitated phase drastically reduces the protective ability of the passive film and facilitates micro-galvanic corrosion of the annealed steel. For various microstructures, the pits are preferentially distributed within the σ and γ phases. The corrosion resistance of 2507 SDSS prepared by different cooling methods is closely related to the microstructure and structure(stability and homogeneity) of the passive film. Normalized steel shows an optimal corrosion resistance, followed by the quenched and annealed steels.     

Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel by a sulfate-reducing bacteria biofilm in seawater

Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel due to a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm in seawater was studied. By atomic force microscopy, a layer of fish-scale-like biofilm was found to form as stainless steel coupons were exposed to the culture media with SRB, and this biofilm grew more and more compact. As a result, coupons' surface under the biofilm turned irregular less slowly than that exposed to the sterilized culture media. Then, physicoelectric characteristics of the electrode/biofilm/solution interface were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the coverage of the biofilm as well as the relative irregularity of coupons' surface was also recorded by EIS spectra. Finally, anodic cyclic polarization results further demonstrated the protective property of the biofilm. Therefore, in estimation of SRB-implicated corrosion of stainless steel, not only the detrimental SRB metabolites but also the protective SRB biofilm as well should be taken into account.     

海水中硫酸盐还原菌对09Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀行为

采用动极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学测试技术和化学浸泡法研究海水中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对09-Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明,SRB新陈代谢产物S2-与腐蚀产物Fe2+反应生成硫化铁,促进了09Cr2AlMoRE钢的阳极活性溶解.09Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀产物呈絮状,颗粒粗大、疏松,分布不连续;杆状硫酸盐还原菌在钢表面局部富集、附着,细菌通过细胞外高聚物被腐蚀产物所包裹.09-Cr2AlMoRE钢在接菌海水中的腐蚀产物由FeS构成,其中硫元素含量高达8.29%.膜沉积处的FeS与附近的09-Cr2AlMoRE钢表面组成腐蚀电偶电池,而SRB的作用在于不断提供H2S以维持FeS的电化学活性,从而加速腐蚀.     

热轧变形量对铝热法制备的 2507双相不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

对铝热反应制备的微纳结构2507双相不锈钢在1 000 ℃下进行了变形量为40%、60%和80%的轧制处理.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)研究其轧制态显微组织.采用万能拉伸试验机和布洛维光学硬度计测试其力学性能.测试结果表明:轧制过程中,奥氏体和铁素体沿轧制方向被拉长,且奥氏体向铁素体转变.随着轧制变形量的增加,纳米晶平均晶粒尺寸变化不大,但体积分数减小.1 000 ℃下轧制变形量为40%、60%和80%后的屈服强度分别为232、284、456 MPa,抗拉强度分别为533、577、582 MPa,硬度分别为325、330、337 HV,延伸率分别为12.5%、11.1%和11.5%.     

Hot deformation behavior of microstructural constituents in a duplex stainless steel during high-temperature straining

The hot deformation characteristics of 1.4462 duplex stainless steel (DSS) were analyzed by considering strain partitioning between austenite and ferrite constituents. The individual behavior of ferrite and austenite in microstructure was studied in an iso-stress condition. Hot compression tests were performed at temperatures of 800–1100℃ and strain rates of 0.001–1 s?1. The flow stress was modeled by a hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, the corresponding constants and apparent activation energies were determined for the studied alloys. The constitutive equation and law of mixture were used to measure the contribution factor of each phase at any given strain. It is found that the contribution factor of ferrite exponentially declines as the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) increases. On the contrary, the austenite contribution polynomially increases with the increase of Z. At low Z values below 2.6.×1015 (lnZ=35.5), a negative contribution factor is determined for austenite that is attributed to dynamic recrystallization. At high Z values, the contribution factor of austenite is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of ferrite, and therefore, austenite can accommodate more strain. Microstructural characterization via electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) confirms the mechanical results and shows that austenite recrystallization is possible only at high temperature and low strain rate.     

Effect of cathodic potential on stress corrosion cracking behavior of 21Cr2NiMo steel in simulated seawater

This study aims at providing systematically insights to clarify the impact of cathodic polarization on the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) behavior of 21 Cr2 NiMo steel. Slow-strain-rate tensile tests demonstrated that 21 Cr2 NiMo steel is highly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement at strong cathodic polarization. The lowest SCC susceptibility occurred at-775 mV vs. SCE, whereas the SCC susceptibility was remarkably higher at potentials below-950 mV vs. SCE. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and ...     

Effect of superplastic deformation on precipitation behavior of sigma phase in 3207 duplex stainless steel

Owing to excellent strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, duplex stainless steels(DSS) are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications. Sigma phase, which has detrimental impact on the properties, is readily precipitated during hot working of DSS. However, precipitation behavior of sigma phase during superplastic deformation, which is the most significant processing method of DSS, is still unclear. In the current study,the effect of superplastic deformation on the precipitation behavior of sigma phase was investigated in 3207 duplex stainless steel. The result shows that superplastic deformation could prevent sigma phase precipitation generally by increasing mobility of grain boundaries and decreasing misorientation of the sigma phase boundaries, resulting in some sigma phase precipitated on the twin boundaries. Most of the sigma phase precipitated on ferrite-austenite interface with misorientation of 20–25°, while it precipitated in ferrite or austenite with the misorientation of 40°–45°. The orientation relationship between sigma phase and matrix matched well in austenite and on the ferrite/austenite interfaces, while it showed a small misfit in ferrite. The prevention effect of the superplastic deformation on the sigma phase precipitation was beneficial to quasi stable deformation stage,resulting in longer elongation.