Reaction of 2, 6-dimethylthiapyrone with compounds containing active methyl or methylene groups

The reaction of 2, 6-dimethylthiapyrone with compounds containing active methyl or methylene groups is investigated. Position 4 in the thiapyrone ring is found to react. If the components with active methylene groups are malonodinitrile or cyclic diketomethylene compounds, the methylene groups in the resultant 2, 6-dimethylthiapyrane compounds are still reactive towards electrophilic reagents, a property which is utilized for synthesis of nonionic polymethylene dyes containing thiapyrane rings.     

水介质中无催化剂下醛酮与活泼亚甲基化合物的缩合反应

报道了水相中无催化剂下各种羰基化合物与活泼亚甲基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应. 芳香醛与活泼亚甲基化合物如丙二腈、氰基乙酸乙酯、氰基乙酰胺的缩合在室温下即能顺利进行, 获得了很高的收率; 而对于杂环芳醛、α,β-不饱和的醛以及脂肪醛与活泼亚甲基化合物的缩合, 需在50～65 ℃下进行, 也取得了很高的收率; 对于脂肪酮、芳香酮以及二元醛与丙二腈的缩合在75～85 ℃下也能顺利地进行, 获得中等以上的收率. 反应简单、高效而且对环境友好.     

Guanidinium Lactate Ionic Liquid： An Efficient and Recycling Catalyst for Michael Addition Reaction

A facile and efficient 1, 4-conjungate addition(Michael addition) reaction of active methylene compounds to α,β-unsaturated compounds, catalyzed by guanidinium lactate ionic liquid(IL9), has been developed. A range of chalcones and nitroalkenes together with active methylene compounds have been converted smoothly to the corresponding products in high yields.     

Reactions of Benzoyl Isothiocyanate with Active Methylene Reagents: A Novel Synthesis of Thiophene,Thiazoline and Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Various derivatives of thiophene, thiazoline and thienopyrimidine have been synthesized via the reaction of active methylene reagents (la-j) with benzoyl isothiocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by the subsequent treatment of the potassium salt intermediates 2a-j with phenacyl bromide or ethyl chloroacetate. The stability of the formed adducts 3 and 12 or their selective cyclization depends on both the nature of the active methylene reagent and the α-halocarbonyl compounds.     

Unexpected switch in regioselectivity of tether-directed Bingel-type biscyclopropanations depending on the leaving groups at tethered active ethylene moieties

The regioselectivity of tether-directed Bingel-type biscyclopropanations of [60]fullerene was switched depending on the leaving groups at tethered active methylene moieties; the reactions of [60]fullerene with unhalogenated tethered bis(active methylene) derivatives/I2 and with brominated derivatives in the presence of 1,7-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene gave trans-4-adducts predominantly, while the reactions with chlorinated derivatives afforded equatorial-adducts almost exclusively.     

Construction of three contiguous tertiary stereocenters from aziridines in one step

A range of active methylene nucleophiles were found to participate in ring-opening of tosylated aziridines under mild phase-transfer catalyzed conditions. High isolated yields coupled with a 1:1 reaction stoichiometry and high levels of relative stereocontrol are distinguishing features of this method. The products are obtained without epimerization, underscoring the optimal conditions afforded by the phase-transfer catalysis for connecting active methylene nucleophiles and weakly electrophilic N-tosylated aziridines.     

Novel syntheses of pyrrolone and pyrrolopyridine derivatives

4-Arylmethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-ones 1a , b reacted with some active methylene reagents to afford pyrrolidine-3,5-dione, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and pyrrolinone derivatives. The cinnamate ester, obtained from 1a and sodium ethoxide, could be converted into a pyrrolidinone derivative having an active methylene group. This compound coupled with diazonium salts to afford the corresponding azo coupling products.     

The chemistry of 2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)dione (isatoic anhydride). 7. Reactions with anions of active methylenes to form quinolines

The reaction of isatoic anhydrides with carbanions of various active methylene compounds is described. The isolation of 2-oxo or 4-oxoquinolines is possible by varying the functional groups flanking the methylene carbon.     

β-(Trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salts: preparation and reactions with active methylene and methenyl compounds

Two trifluoromethyl-substituted building blocks β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salts 1 and 2 were developed. Reactions of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt 1 with active methylene compounds containing electron-withdrawing groups using DBU as the base in DMSO occurred to give trifluoromethyl-substituted cyclopropane derivatives 7 as the major products. In contrast, reactions of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt 2 with active methylene compounds occurred with the migration of one of the electron-withdrawing groups to give the products 8 as the major products when NaH was used as the base in DMSO. Moreover, when NaH was used as base in THF/CH(2)Cl(2) at -78 °C, reaction of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt 1 gave trifluoromethyl-substituted 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives 9 as the major products. A working mechanism was proposed to explain the different behaviors of the β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salts 1 or 2 with active methylene compounds under these different conditions.     

Tetramethylguanidium Lactate Ionic Liquid： Catalyst-free Medium for Michael Addition Reaction

A catalyst-free, facile and efficient Michael addition reaction of active methylene compounds as well as nitromethane with chalcones catalyzed by guanidinium lactate ionic liquid was done. A series of chalcones, nitromethane, and active methylene compounds were converted smoothly to the corresponding products in high yields. The simple procedure, very mild conditions, high yields, and reuse of the IL without any loss of catalytic activity make this protocol considerably attractive for academic researches and practical applications.     

Activation of α‐Diazocarbonyls by Organic Catalysts: Diazo Group Acting as a Strong N‐Terminal Electrophile

For the first time α‐diazocarbonyls have been used as highly active N‐terminal electrophiles in the presence of bicyclic amidine catalysts. The C? N bond‐forming reactions of active methylene compounds as C nucleophiles with α‐diazocarbonyls as N‐terminal electrophiles proceed quickly under ambient conditions, in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), because of the formation of the reactive N‐terminal electrophilic intermediates. DBU activates both the active methylene and α‐diazocarbonyl. Importantly, this reaction is general for both active methylenes and α‐diazocarbonyls, and the activation mode will lead to new synthetic applications of α‐diazocarbonyls.     

无溶剂下位阻控制的Biginelli反应

在NaHSO4作催化剂, 无溶剂下将水杨醛、活泼亚甲基化合物和尿素或硫脲进行Biginelli 反应, 高收率地合成了一系列monastrol类物质. 产物的结构通过IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR光谱数据和单晶解析表征和确定. 对于不同活泼亚甲基化合物参与的反应, 形成了4-(2-羟基苯基)嘧啶衍生物2和氧桥嘧啶衍生物3两类物质, 活泼亚甲基化合物分子中醇酯基的结构是决定两种嘧啶衍生物结构的主要因素. 对于以前报道的Biginelli产物4-(2-羟基苯基)嘧啶衍生物2a和氧桥嘧啶衍生物3e的形成也进行了讨论.     

Biginelli-like reaction with dialkyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylates: a remarkable case of steric control

A Biginelli-type condensation is described using dialkyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylates as active methylene compounds for the preparation of monastrol analogues. Unexpectedly, the reaction with salicylaldehyde formed two different products depending on the ester alkyl group. This product dichotomy was found to be caused by the steric effects exerted by the alcohol terminus of the ester group in the active methylene component. Previous controversial results as to the structure of the Biginelli product 3 are also discussed.     

Reaction of 1-alkylthioisoquinolinium salts with active methylene compounds

2-Alkyl-1-alkylthioisoquinolinium salts were readily prepared from 2-alkyl-1(2H)-isoquinolones via 2-alkyl1(2H)-thioisoquinolones in two steps. Under mild conditions, the reaction of 2-alkyl-1-alkylthioisoquinolinium salts with active methylene compounds in the presence of sodium hydride afforded 2-alkyl-1-(substituted methylene)iso-quinolines in good yields. Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines were synthesized by the cyclization of 2-benzyl-1-(substituted methylene)isoquinolines using acetic anhydride.     

The first isolation of allenylselenonium salts: their synthesis and properties as electrophiles

The first synthesis of allenylselenonium salts and their reactivities are described. The corresponding allenyl methyl selenides were alkylated with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to afford the desired compounds. Their reactions with active methylene carbanions produced furan, dihydrofuran or methylene cyclopropane derivatives via the Michael addition of nucleophiles to the selenonium salts.     

Pyrimidines. LII Synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones and pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6,8-tetrones

Reactivities of 5-dimethylaminomethylene-6-imino-1,3-dimethyluracil hydrochloride ( 1 ) toward a variety of active methylene compounds 2 and 5 were investigated. Treatment of 1 with active methylene compounds such as malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of triethylamine gave pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives 3. Reaction of 1 with barbituric acids resulted in the formation of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]di-pyrimidine-2,4,6,8-tetrone derivatives 6.     

Thio-claisen rearrangements of some ketene derivatives

A number of 1-allylthio and 1-crotylthio 1-aminoalkenes derived from ketones and active methylene compounds has been prepared and rearranged to the corresponding thioamides (thio-Claisen rearrangement). Besides rearrangement products, small amounts of 1-alkyl-thio-N-alkyl-N-phenyl-1-aminoalkenes have also been isolated. When the ketene derivatives did possess a H-atom on nitrogen, cleavage of the formed thioamide produced phenyl isothiocyanate and substituted active methylene compounds.     

Solvent-controlled highly selective bis- and monoallylation of active methylene compounds by allyl acetate with palladium(0) nanoparticle

Palladium(0) nanoparticle has been used as an efficient catalyst for the allylation of active methylene compounds. Very efficient bisallylation is achieved for a variety of active methylene compounds by allyl acetate and its derivatives in one stroke in THF solvent. The reaction in water provides monoallylated product selectively by allyl acetate only. The recovered Pd(0) nanoparticle is recycled. A probable mechanism is suggested.     

亚甲蓝-三乙酰基丙酮合锰(Ⅲ)配合物体系光敏化引发丙酰胺聚合反应研究

<正> 染料和三乙酰基丙酮合锰(Ⅲ)配合物(Mn(AA)_3)体系,作为聚合过程的引发物质而用于非银盐成像工艺中.Chaberek等在水溶液中研究了硫堇-二乙酰基丙酮合铜(Ⅱ)和铝(Ⅲ)体系,认为首先是金属配合物水解生成的配体发生酮-醇互交,而配体的烯醇式阴离子是引发聚合的活性物质.我们曾报道了硫堇-Mn(AA)_3体系在醇溶液中光敏化引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究,发现在醇溶液中,敏化引发聚合的活性物质,显然不同于水溶液中的情况.本文研究了亚甲蓝-Mn(AA)_3体系在醇溶液中敏化引发丙烯酰胺聚合,表明它是比硫堇-Mn(AA)_3更为有效的光敏化引发体系.     

Solvent-free microwave-mediated Michael addition reactions

Facile Michael addition of active methylene compounds to α,Β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds takes place on the surface of potassium carbonate under microwave irradiation. Further studies on microwave-mediated Robinson annulations reveal a convenient and facile method for condensation of chalcone with methylene compounds to furnish cyclohexenones.