Orange dye polyaniline composite based impedance humidity sensors

This study presents the fabrication and investigation of humidity sensors based on orange dye (OD) and polyaniline (PANI) composite films. A blend of 3 wt.% OD with 1 wt.% PANI was prepared in 1 ml water. The composite films were deposited on glass substrates between pre-deposited silver electrodes. The gap between the electrodes was 45 μm. The sensing mechanism was based on the impedance and capacitance variations due to the absorption/desorption of water vapor. It was observed that with the increase in relative humidity (RH) from 30% to 90%, the impedance decreases by 5.2 × 10 4 and 8.8 × 10 3 times for the frequencies of 120 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. The impedance-humidity relationship showed a more uniform change compared to the capacitance-humidity relationship in the RH range of 30% to 90%. The consequence of annealing, measuring frequency, response and recovery time, and absorption-desorption behavior of the humidity sensor were also discussed in detail. The annealing resulted in an increase in sensitivity of up to 2.5 times, while the measured response time and recovery time were 34 s and 450 s, respectively. The impedance-humidity relationship was simulated.     

寻找BATSEγ暴的TeV能区伴随γ暴

利用西藏ASγ实验三期阵列的重建数据，对25个BATSEγ暴的TeV能区伴随γ暴进行了符合寻找。在BATSEγ暴方向的90％误差范围内，找出在给定的小天区和时间间隔内出现的显著性较高的TeV事例团，并采用“等天顶角方法”来估计背景。发现少量事例团对背景有明显超出，考虑试验次数后，其超出还不足以认定为γ暴。通过Monte Carlo模拟给出了95％置信水平下流强上限的估计值为7．1×10^-9photons／（cm^2·s）。Searching for TeV burst-like events coincident with the BATSE GRBs data was made by using the ASγ （Tibet-Ⅲ） data. In the period we analysed, there were 25 BATSE GRBs in the field view of Tibet. A search region was defined by the BATSE 90% confidence level positioning error. A GRB candidate was chosen as a shower cluster appearing in a given small sky window and a given time interval. An equi-zenith-angle method was used to estimate the background. No significant TeV GRBs were detected. The flux upper limit at the 95% confidence level was estimated to be about 7.1×10^-9 γ（cm^2·s） by Monte Carlo simulation.     

Discovery of eight lensing clusters of galaxies

Clusters of galaxies have a huge mass which can act as gravitational lenses.Galaxies behind clusters can be distorted by the lenses to form arcs in images.Herein a search was done for giant lensed arcs using the SDSS data.By visually inspecting SDSS images of newly identified clusters in the SDSS DR8 and Stripe 82 data,we discover 8 strong lensing clusters together with additional 3probable and 6 possible cases.The lensed arcs show bluer colors than the member galaxies of clusters.The masses and optical luminosities of galaxy clusters interior to the arcs are calculated.The mass-to-light ratios are found to be in the range of a few tens of M⊙/L⊙,consistent with the distribution of previously known lensing clusters.     

An updated search of steady TeV γ-ray point sources in northern hemisphere using the Tibet air shower array

Using the data taken from Tibet Ⅱ High Density (HD) Array (1997 February--1999 September) and Tibet-Ⅲ array (1999 November--2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV γ-ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From 0.0° to 60.0° in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV γ-ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV T-ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.     

An updated search of steady TeV γ-ray point sources in northern hemisphere using the Tibet air shower array

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February—1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November—2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV γ-ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From 0.0° to 60.0° in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV γ-ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV γ-ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.     

基于小波变换的1—10TeV宇宙线周期变化研究

利用小波变换, 结合折叠周期分析方法, 对羊八井宇宙线观测站Tibet AS γ阵列1998年4—6月的实验记录数据进行了周期分析, 发现 TeV和10 TeV宇宙线流强观测数据中包含0.5 和1 d周期变化, 其信噪比分别达到10和6. TeV宇宙线0.5 和1 d周期变化的最大变化幅度分别约为0.3%和0.5%, 10 TeV宇宙线约为0.4%和0.7%. We use the technique of wavelet analysis and epoch folding methods to search for the superimposed periodic signals of 1—10 TeV cosmic ray in the data obtained with Tibet Ⅱ/HD AS Array for April to June of 1998. Solar time semi diurnal and diurnal variations have been detected with about signal noise ratio 10 and 6 for the 1 TeV and 10 TeV cosmic ray flux respectively. The semi diurnal variations are of an amplitude 0.3%, a phase 0.9 for 1 TeV cosmic ray and 0.4%, 0.9 for 10 TeV. The diurnal variations are of amplitude 0.5%, 0.7%, and phase 0.8 for 1 TeV and 10 TeV cosmic ray respectively.     

Development of a surface acoustic wave wireless and passive temperature sensor incorporating reflective delay line

based on optimal design on the core element of the sensor,a wireless and passive surface acoustic wave(SAW)temperature sensor integrated with ID Tag was presented.A reflective delay line,which consists of a transducer and eight reflectors on YZ LiNbO3 substrate.Was fabricated as the sensor element,in which,three reflectors were used for temperature sensing,and the other five were for the ID Tag using phase encoding.Single phase unidirectional transducers(SPUDTs)and shorted grating were used to structure the sAW device,leading to excellent signal to noise ratio(SNR).The performance of the SAW device was simulated by the coupling of modes(COM)prior to fabrication.Using the network analyzer,the response in time domain of the fabricated 434 MHz SAW sensor was characterized,the measured S11 agrees well with the simulated one,sharp reflection peaks,high signal/noise,and low spurious noise between the reflection peaks were observed.Using the radar system based on FSCW as the reader unit.the developed SAW temperature sensors were evaluated wirelessly.Excellent1 inearity and good resolution of士1℃ were observed.     

Updated study on multi-TeV cosmic-ray modulation with the Tibet Ⅲ air shower array using the east-west method

We study the sidereal and solar time modulation of multi-TeV cosmic rays using the east-west method with Tibet Ⅲ air shower array data taken from November 1999 to December 2008. The statistics are twice the amount used in our previous paper. In this analysis, the amplitude of the observed sidereal time modulation is about 0.1%, and the modulation shows an excess from about 4 to 7 hours and a deficit around 12 hours in local sidereal time. The sidereal time modulation has a weak dependence on the primary energy of the cosmic rays. However, the solar time modulation shows a large energy dependence. We find that the solar time modulation is fairly consistent with the prediction of the Compton-Getting effect for high-energy samples (6.2 TeV and 12.0 TeV), but exceeds the prediction for the low-energy sample (4.0 TeV). Such a discrepancy may be due to the solar modulation or the characteristics of the experimental device in the near threshold energy.     

Etch Induction Time in CR-39 Detectors Etched in Na2CO3 Mixed NaOH Solution

Six different solutions of 6M NaOH, containing different amounts of Na2CO3 at 70℃ were used for the revelation of latent damage trails in CR-39 plastic track detectors. These detectors were earlier exposed to fission fragments from ^252 Cf source for 30 min in vacuum and were then etched in the respective solutions for different etching time intervals of 5-20 min starting from 5min up to 160min. The etch induction time in each detector was obtained by extrapolating the intersection of resulting curves of track lengths and track diameters with the time axis.     

Density-functional investigation of 3d,4d,5d impurity doped Au6 clusters

The general features of the geometries and electronic properties for 3d,4d,and 5d transition-metal atom doped Au 6 clusters are systematically investigated by using relativistic all-electron density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation(GGA).A number of structural isomers are considered to search the lowest-energy structures of M@Au 6 clusters(M=3d,4d and 5d transition-metal atoms),and the transition metal atom locating in the centre of an Au 6 ring is found to be in the ground state for all the M@Au 6 clusters.All doped clusters,expect for Pd@Au 6,show large relative binding energies compared with a pure Au 7 cluster,indicating that doping by 3d,4d,5d transition-metal atoms could stabilize the Au 6 ring and promote the formation of a new binary alloy cluster.     

Density functional study on the bimetallic Ti_mZr_n(n+m ≤ 5) clusters and their interactions with H_2

Equilibrium geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of small Ti_mZr_n(n + m ≤ 5) clusters were investigated using the density functional method. The ground states were determined, and it was found that the larger clusters and those consisting of more Zr atoms are more stable. The electronic properties of the clusters were discussed based on HOMO-LUMO gaps, vertical ionization potentials(VIP), and vertical electron affinities(VEA). Furthermore, we studied the interactions between those clusters and molecular hydrogen, and found that in all the cases dissociative chemisorptions occurred. According to the chemisorption energies, the pure Zr clusters are relatively more active towards H_2 when compared with the others except Ti_3Zr, which shows the highest activity. The magnetic moments of Ti_mZr_n and Ti_mZr_nH_2 were also compared, and the results show that the hydrogenated clusters have the same or decreased total magnetic moments with respect to the bare clusters except for Ti_3Zr_2.     

Planet host stars in open clusters

We have compiled a list of all planet host star candidates reported in the literature,which are likely to be cluster members,and we checked their memberships by the spatial location,radial velocity,proper motion and photometric criteria.We found that only six stars,BD-13 2130,HD 28305,Kepler-66,Kepler-67,Pr0201 and Pr0211,are planet orbiting stars in open clusters to date.Two stars,HD 70573 and HD 89744,belong to moving groups and one star,TYC 8975-2606-1,may not be a planet host star,while three stars,HD 16175,HD 46375 and HD 108874 are not members of open clusters.We note that all these six planetary systems in the stellar cluster environment are younger than~1 Gyr,which might indicate that the planetary system in open cluster can not survive for a long time,and we speculate that close stellar encounters between member stars in open cluster can potentially destroy,or at least strongly affect,the presence of planetary systems.     

Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum at Daya Bay

A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors and detected by eight antineutrino detectors deployed in two near(560 m and 600 m flux-weighted baselines) and one far(1640 m flux-weighted baseline) underground experimental halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay(IBD) candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured, and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be 0.946±0.020(0.992±0.021) for the Huber+Mueller(ILL+Vogel) model. A 2.9σ deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4–6 MeV was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4σ. A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted for model-independent predictions.     

Effects of Thermal Treatments on Helium Retention and Thermal Desorption Behaviors in a V-4Ti Aalloy

Vanadium alloys are considered as the promising first wall and structure materials of the future fusion reactors owing to their perfect low neutron-induced radioactivity and good high temperature performance. Helium retention and thermal desorption behaviors are key issues for the applications of vanadium alloys in fusion reactors since helium can be produced by helium discharge cleaning and neutron transmutation. A. van Veen groupt investigated helium trapping and thermal desorption mechanisms in vanadium alloys by using 1 keV helium ion irradiation to the fluence of 10^13～10^14He/cm^2, and the influenee of pre-annealing treatments on helium trapping. Two group of peaks were found at the thermal helium desorption spectrum. They thought one was due to helium-vacancyimpurity clusters and the other was corresponding to helium trapping into pre-existing traps, such as fine-size precipitates.     

Energy model for the Zr-based metallic glass alloy melt with clusters

An energy model for the melt of bulk metallic glass (BMG) with clusters was established, the Gibbs free energy and interfacial energy for the Zr-Al-Ni ternary alloy melt with Zr2Ni clusters were calculated, and the effects of the clusters on the Gibbs free energy, interfacial energy and nucleation rate were analyzed. The results showed that the existence of the clusters in the Zr-Al-Ni ternary alloy melt enables the Gibbs free energy to decrease in the composition range where bulk metallic glass forms easily, makes the interfacial energy increase and changes the distribution of the interfacial energy with the alloy composition. Because of the clusters in the melt, the Gibbs free energy of the Zr66Al8Ni26 alloy melt decreases about 0.3-1 kJ/mol and the interfacial energy between the melt and crystal nucleus increases about 0.016 J/m2. The nucleation rate of the undercooled Zr66Al8Ni26 alloy melt decreases evidently under the influence of the clusters on Gibbs free energy and the interfacial energy, and the maximum of the nucleation rate in the melt with the Zr2Ni clusters is only about 107 mol-1·s-1.     

Nuclear fusion from Coulomb explosions of deuterated methane clusters subjected to ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses

This paper reports that Coulomb explosions taken place in the experiment of heteronuclear deuterated methane clusters ((CD₄)₂) in a gas jet subjected to intense femtosecond laser pulses (170mJ, 70fs) have led to table-top laser driven DD nuclear fusion. The clusters produced in supersonic expansion had an average size of about 5nm in radius and the laser intensity used was 3×10¹⁷W/cm².The measured maximum and average energies of deuterons produced in the laser--cluster interaction were 60 and 13.5keV, respectively. From DD collisions of energetic deuterons, a yield of 2.5(±0.4)×10⁴ fusion neutrons of 2.45MeV per shot was realized, giving rise to a neutron production efficiency of about 1.5×10⁵ per joule of incident laser pulse energy. Theoretical calculations were performed and a fairly good agreement of the calculated neutron yield with that obtained from the present experiment was found.     

Beta Decay of Neutron—Rich Nucleus ^208Hg

The β- decaying γ scheme of the neutron-rich nuclide 208Hg has been determined for the first time.The 208 Hg was produced in multi-nucleon transfer reaction taking place in the bombardment of 18O-beam on natural lead target,and the Hg-element products were sepaated with a gas-thermochromatography technique.The γ-ray single and γ-γ coincident spectra were measured.A partial 208 Hg γ scheme was proposed.Twenty-six γ rays were assigned to follow the β- decay of 208Hg.At the same time,a new level structure of the daughter nucleus 208 T1 was constructed,in which three new levels at 1.725MeV.1.652MeV,and 1.362MeV were affirmed.The experimental 208Tl level structure was compared with a shell-model calculation.     

A brief review on μSR studies of unconventional Fe-and Cr-based superconductors

Muon spin relaxation/rotation(μSR) is a vital technique for probing the superconducting gap structure, pairing symmetry and time reversal symmetry breaking, enabling an understanding of the mechanisms behind the unconventional superconductivity of cuprates and Fe-based high-temperature superconductors, which remain a puzzle. Very recently double layered Fe-based superconductors having quasi-2 D crystal structures and Cr-based superconductors with a quasi-1D structure have drawn considerable attention. Here we present a brief review of the characteristics of a few selected Fe-and Cr-based superconducting materials and highlight some of the major outstanding problems, with an emphasis on the superconducting pairing symmetries of these materials. We focus on μSR studies of the newly discovered superconductors ACa_2Fe_4As_4F_2(A = K, Rb, and Cs), ThFeAsN, and A_2Cr_3As_3(A = K, Cs), which were used to determine the superconducting gap structures, the presence of spin fluctuations, and to search for time reversal symmetry breaking in the superconducting states. We also briefly discuss the results of μSR investigations of the superconductivity in hole and electron doped BaFe_2As_2.     

Energy and structure of copper clusters （n=70-150） studied by the Monte Carlo computer simulation

The structure and binding energy of copper clusters of the size range 70 to 150 were studied by using the embeddedatom method. The stability of the structure of the clusters was studied by calculating the average binding energy per atom, first difference energy and second difference energy of copper cluster. Most of the copper clusters of the size n=70-150 adopt an icosahedral structure. The results show that the trends are in agreement with theoretic prediction for copper clusters. The most stable structures for copper clusters are found at n=77, 90, 95, 131, 139.     

Fluorescence Microscopy of Nanoscale Silver Oxide Thin Films

The experimental conditions for photoactivated intermittent fluorescence from nanoscale silver oxide were studied with fluorescence microscopy.Strong fluorescence was observed from the Ag2O particles with size of 10-20nm excited with both blue and green light .We observed the saturation of Photoexcitation with blue light and explained the experimental results using the model of agglomeration of silver atoms to form small clusters and the fluorescence of Ag2 and Ag3 clusters.